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Focusing on Correspondence from the Double-Cassia Studio (Shuanggui xuan chidu [phrase omitted] ), a collection of letters by a gentlewoman named Ding Shanyi [phrase omitted] (1799-after 1861), this paper examines how elite women in mid-nineteenth-century China applied epistolary conventions in their social life. Compared to other literary collections of individual women in late imperial China, Ding's letter collection is exceptional in recording the life of its author through the epistolary genre and in revealing the sociopolitical dynamics that underlay elite women's epistolary gentility. Ding's letters are indicative of the noticeable concerns shared by gentlewomen in mid-nineteenth-century China and provide specific contexts for understanding some of the epistolary techniques used by literary women to facilitate social networking. This paper uncovers Ding's life and explores three major themes in her epistolary collection: her responses to crises, concerns about health, and cultivation of friendship. Ding's letters show how elite women evinced sophistication and erudition in their epistolary composition, which was an important way for them to express themselves and demonstrate their mastery of language and rhetorical tradition., If it is convenient [for you to send] fish and wild geese, please be unstinting in sharing delightful messages. [phrase omitted] INTRODUCTION: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, TEXTBOOK, AND GENTILITY The longing for letters [...]

Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and nitrite (NO2-) represent pivotal nitrification intermediates that substantially govern soil abiotic N2O production. Yet, the intricate factors influencing the abiotic formation of N2O from chemical reactions involving NH2OH and NO2- remain uncertain. This study was designed to reveal the impacts of land use type and parent material on soil abiotic N2O production in response to NH2OH and NO2- amendments. Our investigation revealed that land use type exerted no significant influence on abiotic production of N2O with NH2OH and NO2- addition. Nevertheless, the parent material exhibited a notable (P < 0.01) effect on N2O production intrigued by NH2OH addition. Specifically, a markedly higher abiotic N2O production from NH2OH was observed in soils developed from Quaternary red clay than those derived from granite. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that the soils originating from Quaternary red clay displayed significantly higher manganese (Mn) content in comparison to those originating from granite. This finding consistently aligns with the close correlation between the abiotic N2O production via chemical oxidation of NH2OH and Mn content of soil. Furthermore, the site preference (SP) values for N2O arising from NH2OH and NO2- addition were 25–30 ‰ and around 20 ‰, respectively, aligning with the expected ranges characterizing ammonia oxidation and chemodenitrification processes. Our findings provide valuable insight into the distinct influence of parent material on soil abiotic N2O production via chemical oxidation of NH2OH, contributing to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and highlight the significance of soil factors in regulating abiotic N2O production within soil ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a widely used clinical parameter recently deployed in predicting various cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of RDW in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 745 patients with HBV-related HCC, 253 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 256 healthy individuals to compare their hematological parameters and analyze their RDW levels. Potential risk factors for long-term all-cause mortality in patients with HBV-related HCC were predicted using Multivariate Cox regression. A nomogram was generated, and its performance was evaluated. Results: The RDW of patients with HBV-related HCC was significantly higher than that of those with CHB and healthy controls. In the former, splenomegaly, liver cirrhosis, larger tumor diameter, multiple tumor number, portal vein tumor thrombus, and lymphatic or distant metastasis were significantly increased, and the later the Child-Pugh grade and Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage, the higher the RDW. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified RDW as an independent risk factor for predicting long-term all-cause mortality in patients with HBV-related HCC. Finally, we successfully generated a nomogram incorporating RDW and validated its predictive ability. Conclusions: RDW is a potentially valuable hematological marker for predicting the survival and prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC. The nomogram incorporating RDW can be used as an effective tool to plan the individualized treatment of such patients., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)