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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant cancer characterized by easy invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis, so that conventional chemotherapy cannot inhibit its invasion and metastasis. Doxorubicin (DOX), as a broad-spectrum antitumour drug, cannot be widely used in clinic because of its poor targeting, short half-life, strong toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the aim of our study is to construct a kind of PFV modified DOX plus schisandrin B liposomes to solve the above problems, and to explore its potential mechanism of inhibiting NSCLC invasion and metastasis. The antitumour efficiency of the targeting liposomes was carried out by cytotoxicity, heating ablation, wound healing, transwell, vasculogenic mimicry channels formation and metastasis-related protein tests in vitro. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated by tumour inhibition rate, HE staining and TUNEL test in vivo. The enhanced anti-metastatic mechanism of the targeting liposomes was attributed to the downregulation of vimentin, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and upregulation of E-cadherin. In conclusion, the PFV modified DOX plus schisandrin B liposomes prepared in this study provided a treatment strategy with high efficiency for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour metastasis is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and death, and chemotherapy efficiency for gastric cancer patients is usually unsatisfactory due to tumour cell metastasis, poor targeting and serious adverse reactions. In this study, a kind of R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes was prepared to enhance the antitumor efficiency via killing tumour cells, destroying tumour metastasis and inhibiting energy supply for tumour cells. In order to investigate the antitumour efficiency of the targeting liposomes, morphology observation, intracellular uptake, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition on tumour metastasis and energy supply were carried out in vitro, and tumour-bearing mice models were established to investigate the antitumour efficiency in vivo. In vitro results showed that R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes with ideal physicochemical properties could kill the most tumour cells, inhibit tumour metastasis and cut-off energy supply for tumour cells. In vivo results exhibited that R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could enhance the accumulation in tumour site and display an obvious antitumor efficiency. Therefore, R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could be used as a potential therapy for treatment of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional treatment fails to completely eliminate highly invasive breast cancer cells, and most surviving breast cancer cells tend to reproliferate and metastasize by forming vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. Thus, a type of targeted liposomes was developed by modification with arginine8–glycine–aspartic acid (R8GD) to encapsulate daunorubicin and emodin separately. A combination of the two targeted liposomes was then developed to destroy VM channels and inhibit tumour metastasis. MDA-MB-435S cells, a highly invasive breast cancer, were then evaluated in vitro and in mice. The experiments indicated that R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes had small particle size, uniform particle size distribution and high drug encapsulation rate. The combination of the two targeted liposomes exerted strong toxicity on the MDA-MB-435S cells and effectively inhibited the formation of VM channels and the metastasis of tumour cells. Action mechanism studies showed that the R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes could downregulate some metastasis-related proteins, including MMP-2, VE-cad, TGF-β1 and HIF-1α. These studies also demonstrated that the targeted liposomes allowed the chemotherapeutic drug to selectively accumulate at tumour site, thus exhibiting a distinct antitumor effect. Therefore, the combination of targeted daunorubicin liposomes and targeted emodin liposomes can provide a potential treatment for invasive breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, there are no few anticancer drugs that have been used clinically due to their poor targeting ability, short half-life period, non-selective distributions, generation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, high metastasis, and high recurrence rate. This study aimed to explore the effects of R8 modified epirubicin–dihydroartemisinin liposomes that could target non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, destroy VM channels, inhibit tumor metastasis, and explain the possible underlying mechanism. In vitro assays indicated that R8 modified epirubicin–dihydroartemisinin liposomes with ideal physicochemical characteristics could exhibit not only powerful cytotoxicity on A549 cells, but also the effective suppression of VM channels and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic studies manifested that R8 modified epirubicin–dihydroartemisinin liposomes could down-regulate the levels of VE-Cad, TGF-β1, MMP-2, and HIF-1α. In vivo assays indicated that R8 modified epirubicin–dihydroartemisinin liposomes could both increase the selective accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs at tumor sites and show a targeting conspicuous of antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, the R8 modified epirubicin–dihydroartemisinin liposomes prepared in this study provide a treatment strategy with high efficiency for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour metastasis is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and death, and chemotherapy efficiency for gastric cancer patients is usually unsatisfactory due to tumour cell metastasis, poor targeting and serious adverse reactions. In this study, a kind of R 8 GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes was prepared to enhance the antitumor efficiency via killing tumour cells, destroying tumour metastasis and inhibiting energy supply for tumour cells. In order to investigate the antitumour efficiency of the targeting liposomes, morphology observation, intracellular uptake, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition on tumour metastasis and energy supply were carried out in vitro , and tumour-bearing mice models were established to investigate the antitumour efficiency in vivo . In vitro results showed that R 8 GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes with ideal physicochemical properties could kill the most tumour cells, inhibit tumour metastasis and cut-off energy supply for tumour cells. In vivo results exhibited that R 8 GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could enhance the accumulation in tumour site and display an obvious antitumor efficiency. Therefore, R 8 GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could be used as a potential therapy for treatment of gastric cancer.

Presently, there are no few anticancer drugs that have been used clinically due to their poor targeting ability, short half-life period, non-selective distributions, generation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, high metastasis, and high recurrence rate. This study aimed to explore the effects of R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes that could target non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, destroy VM channels, inhibit tumor metastasis, and explain the possible underlying mechanism. In vitro assays indicated that R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes with ideal physicochemical characteristics could exhibit not only powerful cytotoxicity on A549 cells, but also the effective suppression of VM channels and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic studies manifested that R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes could down-regulate the levels of VE-Cad, TGF-β1, MMP-2, and HIF-1α. In vivo assays indicated that R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes could both increase the selective accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs at tumor sites and show a targeting conspicuous of antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, the R 8 modified epirubicin-dihydroartemisinin liposomes prepared in this study provide a treatment strategy with high efficiency for NSCLC.