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Found on the surfaces of transition metal oxides or sulfides are metal cations and oxygen or sulfur anions (Mn+-O2− or Mn+-S2−) with diverse catalytic functions as redox sites (Mn+-O2− → M-□), Brønsted acid sites (M-OH), and Lewis acid–base sites (Mδ+-O2−). These active site pairs often work together in catalyzing the chemical transformation in cascade reactions. This article describes several experimental strategies, combining kinetic and titration methods, to decouple the effects of surface site occupation on turnover rates, identify the kinetic bottlenecks, remove the effects arising from deactivation, as well as elucidate the potential participation of multiple types of active sites. Using a correlative approach in connecting the rate dependencies and titration studies, one could pinpoint the key factors that contribute to the rates and interpret the measured rates in terms of molecular events on the surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylethanaminium methanesulfonate ([BHEM][mesy]) displayed good ability for separating cellulose from biomass material in previous works. In order to have a better understanding of the structure–property relationship and facilitate further potential applications in industry, it is necessary to obtain more data for the physicochemical properties of [BHEM][mesy] and its mixtures. In this work, the densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of [BHEM][mesy] + solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol) mixtures were measured at six temperatures from (298.15 to 323.15) K over the full molar composition range and fitted by an empirical quadratic equation and Vogel–Fucher–Tammann (VFT) equation. Moreover, the excess molar volumes (VE) and viscosity deviation (Δη) of five binary mixtures were calculated and correlated by the Redlich–Kister equation. In addition, the apparent molar volumes ( V φ ) and partial molar volumes ( V - ) of [BHEM][mesy] and solvents were also calculated and all these physicochemical property data (density, viscosity, excess molar properties as well as the apparent molar properties) are discussed in terms of the structure and interaction of binary mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oppositely charged titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates by a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method. The PET films were pretreated by concentrated alkaline solution so as to introduce functional groups to attract TiO nanoparticles onto the surface. The oppositely charged TiO nanoparticles in the suspension can be controlled by adjusting the pH value. The multilayer buildup was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy, which showed a linear increase of the film absorbance with the number of adsorbed TiO layers. Moreover, the morphology, structural, and chemical composition of the multilayer nanocomposite films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirmed the presence and even distribution of TiO nanoparticles on the PET surfaces. The UV protective properties, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. The values of ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) showed that the multilayer nanocomposite films exhibited high UV protective property. The TGA curves showed that TiO nanoparticles enhanced the thermal stability of nanocomposite films. Additionally, the nanocomposite films showed a lower tensile strength but a higher elongation than that of PET film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronic devices have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Textile fabrics have been widely used to fabricate flexible strain sensors owing to their high flexibility. However, the elasticity of ordinary textile fabrics is low, which limits their strain sensing range. In this article, we used a simple method to fabricate flexible strain sensing fabrics (FSSFs) through the coating of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on elastic nylon/polyurethane (nylon/PU) fabric, followed by reduction of GO with sodium borohydride. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets were adsorbed on the elastic fabrics to impart electrical conductivity to the fabrics. The coated fabrics were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The electromechanical performance and strain sensing properties of the FSSF were investigated. The fabricated strain sensor exhibited high sensitivity, a large workable strain range (0–30%), fast response and great stability. The mechanical property of fabrics did not change remarkably after the treatment with RGO. The surface resistance of the RGO/nylon/PU only increased from ∼112 KΩ/m 2 to ∼154 KΩ/m 2 after 8 washing cycles, exhibiting good washability. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of human motions, such as bending of finger and rotation of wrist, was achieved by the as-prepared FSSF. The RGO/nylon/PU fabrics as flexible strain sensors have potential applications in wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) was in-situ reduced on cotton fabrics by a simple heat treatment, which endowed cotton fabrics with multi-functions. GO was coated on the surface of cotton fabric through a conventional “dip and dry” approach. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was obtained from GO in the presence of cotton by heating under the protection of nitrogen. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the complexes of RGO and cotton (RGO/cotton). The RGO/cotton fabrics showed good electrical conductivity, surface hydrophobicity and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. These properties did not deteriorate significantly after repeated fabric bending and washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the thermal protective performance of nonwoven fabrics made of Nomex (polyisophthaloyl metaphenylene diamine), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), P84 (polyimide), and basalt fibers was investigated. The objective was to determine the influence of fiber type, thickness of fabric, and wet on the thermal protective performance of nonwoven fabric. The thermal resistances of different nonwoven fabrics were measured using a dry hot plate instrument, the basalt nonwoven fabrics had a highest thermal resistance in all fabric, and the thermal resistance of nonwoven fabric increased with the increase in thickness. The six nonwoven fabrics were exposed to a hot environment for a few minutes by using a self-designed apparatus. The test results showed that the nonwoven fabrics made with basalt fiber exhibited the best thermal protective performance, and the thermal protective abilities of nonwoven fabrics increased with fabric thickness. Interestingly, nonwoven fabrics with added water were found to be able to keep the fabric surface lower temperature compared to dry fabrics when exposed to a hot environment, indicating the excellent thermal protective performance of wet nonwoven fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform bending fatigue tests on fiber materials, a specially designed bending fatigue test apparatus has been developed. The test apparatus was equipped with a temperature control system and a Xenon lamp irradiation system, and thereby the test can be done in controlled environments such as temperature and light irradiation conditions. Using this apparatus, bending fatigue tests on Kevlar 49 and PBO fibers were performed. The test results showed that the bending fatigue strength of Kevlar49 and PBO fibers was strongly influenced by temperature and light irradiation. The σ–N and σ–lnN curves indicated that the pre-tension had significant effects on the bending fatigue life and the fatigue life decreased when temperature became high. In addition, the fatigue strength of fibers tested with light irradiation was lower than that without light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this article is to introduce a bending fatigue testing apparatus and a new fatigue testing method, which can be used to characterize the bending fatigue behavior of flexible materials by setting the following parameters: pre-tension, bending angle, and bending frequency. The Kevlar 49, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole), Nomex, and high-performance polyethylene fibers are chosen to analyze the bending fatigue properties by the new apparatus. The cyclic stress data, number of cycle bending and bending fatigue photos are recorded during the process of the bending fatigue. The curve of the cyclic stress shows that the stress changes in periods during the cyclic bending process. The curve of the cyclic stress is theoretically analyzed. The S–N and the θ−lnN curves indicate that the pre-tension and the bending angle have significant effects on the bending fatigue life. The morphologies obtained from the digital optical apparatus can be used to explain the bending failure mechanisms of high-performance fibers. It is evident that the new bending fatigue testing apparatus is feasible and accurate in measuring and characterizing bending fatigue properties of fibers. The apparatus could effectively describe the bending fatigue lifetime and bending failure mechanisms of high-performance fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient and stable SO 4 2−/TiO 2 -SiO 2 catalyst was developed for MMA production. • The Brønsted and Lewis acid site densities and ratios in catalyst can be modulated. • The cooperative catalytic effects between Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were noticed. • The catalytic pathway on such catalyst was confirmed as L-H mechanism. Either the ethylene or isobutene-based route for industrial production of methyl methacrylate (MMA) contains the esterification step between methacrylic acid (MAA) and methanol, therefore it is necessary to develop highly active and stable catalyst. Herein, series of superacid catalysts of SO 4 2-/TiO 2 -SiO 2 were prepared for esterification of MAA with methanol to produce MMA. The Brønsted and Lewis acid site densities and their ratios in SO 4 2-/TiO 2 -SiO 2 could be modulated by controlling the impregnated (NH 4) 2 SO 4 concentration, which were identified by pyridine titration and FT-IR. And no changes in structural skeleton and crystal phase of the SO 4 2-/TiO 2 -SiO 2 during the acid properties regulation process were noticed with FT-IR and XRD. The cooperative catalytic effects between Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were observed through catalytic evaluation. The kinetic studies indicated the catalytic pathway followed L-H mechanism and the activation barrier of forward esterification (48 kJ/mol) was greater than that of reverse hydrolysis (40 kJ/mol) step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Series of basic ionic liquids with sterically hindered cations were synthesized. • An ionic liquid catalyzed process for 4-hydroxy-2-butanone synthesis was developed. • The steric hindrance effect on selectivity of product was found and demonstrated. • The catalytic pathways and reaction kinetic were revealed. 4-Hydroxy-2-butanone as important chemical intermediate in the field of both pharmaceutical and food industries is traditionally synthesized from formaldehyde and acetone via aldol reaction with relatively low selectivity due to the heavy side reactions. Herein, series of basic ionic liquids with different sterically hindered cations were prepared for this reaction process. The catalytic performance evaluation results revealed the selectivity of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone could be enhanced with the extension of alkyl chain length substituted in the cation of ionic liquid and increasing number of substituted alkyl group. And the tetraoctyl ammonium hydroxide ([N8,8,8,8]OH) was identified as the optimal ionic liquid catalyst with selectivity of 91.1% toward 4-hydroxy-2-butanone at 40 °C. The kinetic studies indicated the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone was first-order dependent on both acetone and formaldehyde concentrations, with the lowest activation barrier of 49.8 kJ/mol among all steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new dynamic rod worth measurement method based on the transient spatial factor has been proposed. • A transient spatial factor is proposed to consider the transient spatial effect caused by the change in the shape distribution of neutron flux. • A new dynamic rod worth measurement method based on the transient spatial factor is applied to a commercial CNP1000 reactor employing the measurement data. • A comparison is made between the control rod worth measured by the transient spatial factor and that measured by the static spatial factor and dynamic spatial factor. Given the responsibility of the control rod for controlling reactivity in commercial PWRs, accurate measurement of it is of great significance. To measure the control rod worth in the zero-power physics test, this paper proposes a new dynamic rod worth measurement method by using the definition of the transient spatial factor. During the process of dynamic rod worth measurement, it was found that the rapid movement of the control rod in the timescale of seconds causes a substantial change in the shape of neutron flux in the 3D space, which significantly affects the power-range detector signals, resulting in an incorrect estimation of reactivity by the reactimeter. To eliminate the transient spatial effect of neutron flux, a transient spatial factor is proposed, which is provided by calculating the process of control rod insertion based on the 3D time-dependent neutron diffusion calculation. Thus, a new DRWM method based on the transient spatial factor has been applied and validated in a CNP1000 reactor. Results of the control rod worth are presented in this paper to demonstrate its performance in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber‐based multimodal sensors with electrical/optical signals are highly desired for next‐generation wearable electronics. Despite the remarkable progress in this area, achieving large‐scale knittable, washable, and self‐healing performance in fiber‐based multimodal sensors simultaneously remains a great challenge. Here, a smart fiber capable of exhibiting piezoresistive/luminescent properties based on an H‐bonding connected multilayered core–shell nanostructure is developed. The core principle of this design involves constructing strong interfacial interactions between the fiber layers, which results in a sensor with high sensitivity (gauge factor = 12383500), exceptional water resistance, and robust self‐healing properties (tensile strength 30.9 MPa, healing efficiency 72.9%). Unlike traditional fiber‐based sensors where elaborate nanostructures are prone to shedding during knitting, this strategy enables the fiber sensors with excellent knittability to be patterned in the fabric, improving both optical and electrical sensitivities. This work is anticipated to make a significant contribution to the further development of wearable electronic products and visual human–computer interaction electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass‐based catalysis has drawn a gradually increased attention due to its eco‐friendliness, cost‐effective, and good reusability. In this work, a novel metal–organic framework (MOF) derived nitrogen‐doped zinc oxide carbon (ZnO/N/C) nanocomposites were synthesized on pine cone by solvothermal and carbonization method. Scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffractometer, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to confirm the presence of N‐doped ZnO rod‐like nanostructures on the as‐prepared composites. The obtained ZnO/N/C nanocomposites were employed as catalytic materials for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) dye and adsorption of formaldehyde (HCHO). The ZnO/N/C nanocomposites can degrade more than 90% of the MB solution within 90 min under visible light irradiation, besides, they can rapidly absorb and decompose HCHO. The high‐catalytic performance of ZnO/N/C nanocomposites can be attributed to the high‐superficial area of ZIF‐8, the carbonization that ensures the high conductivity and high‐slight absorption of carbon skeleton materials, and the accelerated transfer of photogenerated electrons. This simple and green preparation method has promoted the sustainable utilization of biomass resources with great significance for application of carbon‐based porous materials in catalytic field. Highlights: MOF derived ZnO/N‐doped carbon nanocomposites were successfully synthesized.Presence of N‐doped ZnO rod‐like nanostructures on carbon nanocomposites.ZnO/N/C nanocomposites could be used as a catalyst for MB photodegradation.ZnO/N/C nanocomposites can be readily absorption and decompose of HCHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H 2 production by steam methane reforming (SMR) is an energy-intensive process at high reaction pressure and temperature. The objective of present work is to improve the efficiency of H 2 production by optimizing turbine-integrated SMR-coal gasification process (SMRT-CG). The economic analysis of turbine-integrated SMR process (SMRT) was investigated with decision variables, such as flowrate of natural gas, reaction pressure, and turbine discharge pressure. The optimal price of H 2 production was competitive after the addition of turbine. Genetic algorithm (GA) together with waste reduction (WAR) algorithm were used to evaluate the environmental impact of optimal SMRT. Optimization by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) suggested that the total annual profit (TAP) would increase by $1.04 million/y while the effective process exergy loss (ΔE xl,eff) would be reduced by 17.4%. Instead of serving as the fuel of SMR furnace, the H 2 in tail gas was separated by a pressure-swing adsorption unit. After removing the concentrated CO 2 , the H 2 and CH 4 were introduced to a coal gasification plant (CG) to promote the syngas production. Further analysis confirmed that higher H 2 formation rate of SMRT-CG process was realized compared to the original CG process due to the chemical looping with the tail gas. • Enhanced SMR with plant integration was developed for reduced CO 2 emissions. • SMR process with turbine was optimized by GA, NSGA-II and WAR algorithm. • Significant increase of H 2 production and output work was achieved in proposed SMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of wearable electronic devices has greatly stimulated the research interest of textile-based strain sensors, which can effectively combine functionality with wearability. In this work, the fabrication of highly stretchable and compressible strain sensors from weft-knitted spacer fabric was reported. Carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole were deposited on the surface of fabric via an in situ polymerization approach to reduce the electrical resistance. The as-fabricated WSP-CNT-PPy strain sensor exhibits high electrical conductivity and stable strain-sensing performance under different stretching deformations. The WSP-CNT-PPy strain sensor can be stretched up to 450% and compressed to 60% with a pressure of less than 50 KPa, which can be attributed to the unique loop and interval filament structures. The distinguishing response efficiency of WSP-CNT-PPy can effectively detect faint and strenuous body movements. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of WSP-CNT-PPy was also characterized to study the comprehensive properties. The electro-heating performance was also evaluated for feasible Joule heater applications. This work demonstrates the practicability of WSP-CNT-PPy strain sensor fabric for real-time monitoring in promising wearable garments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene/cotton fibers show significant promise in wearable energy storage due to their low cost, porous structure, and exceptional integration ability into wearable systems. However, the eco-unfriendly reductants and standalone electric double-layer capacitor hindered their application. Herein, a green and rapid hydrothermal-electrodeposition method was proposed to fabricate polyaniline (PANI) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/cotton yarns without using any chemical reductants and oxidants. The PANI/rGO/cotton (PRC) yarn exhibited porous conductive network, structural controllability, and mechanical flexibility. Additionally, the PRC yarn electrode delivers a fast electron transport and ion migration, synergistic energy storage contribution, and a controllable capacitance (up to 81.2 mF cm−1 at 0.2 mA cm−1). The assembled yarn supercapacitor shows a good capacitance (19.8 mF cm−1 at 0.08 mA cm−1), excellent energy-power density (2.7 μWh cm−1 at 40 μW cm−1), and great capacitance retention. This green fabrication of PRC yarns brings new insights into the development of wearable energy storage. [Display omitted] • Polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/cotton (PRC) composite yarn was made. • A green and rapid hydrothermal-electrodeposition method was proposed. • PRC yarn shows porous conductive network, structural controllability, and flexibility. • PRC yarn electrode shows fast electron/ion transport and synergistic capacitance. • PRC yarn supercapacitor shows good specific capacity, power density and cycle ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cooling textiles has a significant impact on energy saving and cost‐effectiveness in the context of global warming. Engineering textiles with cooling performance while maintaining their intrinsic traits, for example, lightweight, washable, comfort, and durability, is a great challenge in developing personal cooling garments. Here, the synthesis of nanodiamond/polydopamine/wool (ND‐PDA‐wool) nanocomposites through a facile dip‐coating approach is demonstrated. Different types of ND including detonation ND (DND), carboxylated ND (ND‐COOH) and hydroxylated ND (ND‐OH), are used, and dopamine templating is applied to achieve strong adhesion and bonding between fiber and ND. The morphology, structure, and properties of the as‐coated fabrics are characterized, and the cooling performance together with comfort are measured. Due to the excellent thermal conductivity of ND, the temperature difference between the coated fabrics and uncoated ones is around 2.4–3.9 °C within a short time span of 30 min. The coated ND‐PDA‐Wool fabrics demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and improved mechanical properties with excellent durability, and the water absorbency is greatly enhanced with well‐maintained air permeability. ND‐PDA‐wool composite fabrics offer a strategy to develop durable, lightweight, washable, and comfortable cooling textiles with immense potential in energy saving and reducing space cooling costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Collagen/carboxylated CNF composite aerogels are successfully fabricated. • CDs can promote the in vitro self-assembly behavior of collagen. • CDs are beneficial for improving the properties of the collagen composite aerogels. • Composite aerogels have an excellent pH-responsive for drug delivery system. pH-responsive materials have great potential for use in various advanced fields, such as microreactors and drug delivery. This work proposes a promising strategy for preparing composite aerogels with pH-responsive properties based on collagen (COL) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) through the self-assembly behavior of COL molecules for controlled-drug release. COL fibrils and carboxylated CNFs (cCNFs) exhibited a high-density, physical cross-linked supramolecular double network structure. Specifically, cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced to optimize the structural stability and slow-release capability of the composite aerogels. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses were used to characterize the structure of the aerogels, and the swelling behavior and water contact angle of the aerogels were evaluated. Using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the model drug, the slow-release mechanism was subsequently revealed. Compared with the COL aerogels and COL/cCNF composite aerogels, the COL/cCNF@CD composite aerogels exhibited enhanced structural stability and slow-release performance through the synergistic enhancement effect of cCNFs and CDs. The aerogels also exhibited sensitivity to pH for regulating 5-FU release, and the COL composite aerogels with CDs and cCNFs maintained excellent cytocompatibility. In conclusion, CDs had a positive effect on the structural stability and pH-responsiveness of the composite aerogels and promoted the possible utilization of aerogels in drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The expandable graphite-based cement composite (GCC) was fabricated. • The GCC exhibits with accurate and sensitive temperature sensing performance. • The GCC exhibits excellent mechanical and sensing stability when exposed to flame. • The GCC can be easily integrated into a building and transmit a fire alert. Fire alarms in buildings are essential for safety. However, due to the poor conductivity of cement, it remains a challenge to detect fire without the assistance of other monitoring equipment. In this study, a fire alarm cement composite containing expandable graphite, carbon fiber, and ordinary Portland cement that can achieve ultrasensitive temperature monitoring and indoor climate control in a building is developed. Homogeneously distributed expandable graphite in this smart cement rapidly expands under high temperatures, forming new electrically conductive pathways. This results in excellent temperature sensing performance, with a temperature coefficient of resistance of − 0.467 %/°C in the range of 220 °C–400 °C. The smart cement can be easily integrated into a building to transmit a fire alert to a computer, mobile phone, or visual alarm device in a timely manner. Furthermore, this smart cement exhibits higher flexural strength in harsh environments compared to ordinary cement. This smart cement exhibits potential to considerably broaden cement applications and be highly desirable for next-generation smart building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of photocatalyst in wastewater treatment is a big challenge. Fixation of photocatalyst on a flexible surface of solid substrates is a promising solution. In this work, copper ferrite (CuFe 2 O 4) particles were loaded onto polydopamine (pDA) pretreated ceramic/polyester fabrics (CPF) via coprecipitation. The CPF not only acts as loading material for CuFe 2 O 4 particles, but also makes this photocatalyst convenient to recycle. The morphology, elemental composition and structure of the as-fabricated CPF/CuFe 2 O 4 were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) by the CPF/CuFe 2 O 4 photocatalyst reached to 98.2% under visible light irradiation for 80 min, reflecting the excellent photocatalytic activity of the composites. The CPF/CuFe 2 O 4 demonstrated good photostability and recoverability, indicating its great potential in wastewater treatment. Moreover, the degradation mechanism and possible degradation pathway of MB by CPF/CuFe 2 O 4 photocatalyst were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel water and dye-free heat treatment method was used to color wool yarn. The heat treatment can not only give the white wool yarn new color but also minimize the yarn hairiness. The influences of heating treatment temperature and time on the wool yarn color were investigated. The microstructure, twist, hairiness, wear resistance, moisture regain and tensile strength of the wool yarn were evaluated to analyze the physical and mechanical properties changes after heat treatment. The results showed that the color strength of wool yarn increased with increasing the heat treatment temperature and time. The hairs equal to or longer than 3 mm reduced significantly after heat treatment. The microstructural structure has no significant change after heat treatment, the unique overlapping scales structure on the surface still observed clearly by the SEM. The tensile strength and wear resistance of wool yarn would decrease with increasing heat treatment temperature and time, and the tensile strength retention was higher than 80% after heat treatment which could meet the requirement in daily applications. Therefore, the heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method to endow wool yarn color and it has a potential in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide combined with acid treatment demonstrates its respective characteristics for the separation of lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, holocellulose was extracted from Cattail leaves (CL) by a two-step treatment with alkali and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA). Then carboxylated nanocellulose was hydrolyzed with a mixed organic/inorganic acid. The chemical composition of the holocellulose and the physicochemical properties of the separated carboxylated nanocellulose were comparable. Carboxyl groups were introduced on the nanocellulose as a result of the esterification process with citric acid (CA), which endows the nanocellulose with high thermal stability (315–318 °C) and good light transmission (>80 %). Furthermore, morphological analyses revealed that nanocellulose had a spider-web-like structure with diameter between 5 and 20 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide combined with acid treatment demonstrates its respective characteristics for the separation of lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, holocellulose was extracted from Cattail leaves (CL) by a two-step treatment with alkali and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA). Then carboxylated nanocellulose was hydrolyzed with a mixed organic/inorganic acid. The chemical composition of the holocellulose and the physicochemical properties of the separated carboxylated nanocellulose were comparable. Carboxyl groups were introduced on the nanocellulose as a result of the esterification process with citric acid (CA), which endows the nanocellulose with high thermal stability (315–318 °C) and good light transmission (>80 %). Furthermore, morphological analyses revealed that nanocellulose had a spider-web-like structure with diameter between 5 and 20 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibers are ideal for the fabrication of fiber-based sensors owing to the wide applicability of such sensors in various fields. However, achieving high sensitivity and excellent tensile properties while maintaining high electrical conductivity in such sensors is difficult. This study proposes a simple fabrication method for a helical conductive yarn, core–sheath helical yarn (CSHY), in which the electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) /boron nitride (BN) film is used as the fibrous material and coated with a liquid metal (LM), EGaIn. The fiber is then stretched and twisted to obtain the CSHY with high sensitivity, tensile stability, and durability as well as fast response and recovery. Experimental results show that the sensor fabricated by weaving the CSHY has a water contact angle of 143.2°, indicating that it can be used for human motion monitoring and underwater applications. In addition, the LM has excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity and exhibits a synergistic effect with BN that is uniformly arranged along the fiber length. Thus, the fabric-based sensor exhibits excellent heat-dissipation, temperature-sensing, and electric-heating performances. Consequently, the proposed multifunctional smart yarn exhibits excellent strain sensing, self-controlled thermal management, and hydrophobic performance, with potential applications in future wearable electronics. • A strain sensitive and multifunctional smart yarn was fabricated with a core–sheath helical structure. • The yarn exhibited excellent strain sensing performance even underwater. • Potential applications include temperature monitoring, thermal management and joule heating were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic reactivity have significant potential for wastewater treatment. In this study, using sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) as a copper source, Cu atoms were incorporated into the center cavities of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets by hydrothermal-calcination combined processes. Cu atoms doping led to a narrower optic band gap and the dramatic improvement in photocurrent response as well as corresponding declines in the intensity of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Consequently, the photocatalytic property the Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was enhanced dramatically as evidenced by a 53.4% increase in the photocatalytic degradation rate of tetracycline. Superoxide ions and hydroxyl radicals were found to be the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing the degradation. The increased photocatalytic capability of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 might be attributed to the increased chance of intersystem crossing in photosensitizing process of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 as well as the lowered adsorption energy required for the adsorption of O 2 to the catalyst. Minor decline in the photocatalytic efficiency of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was observed while the crystal structure of the Cu/g-C 3 N 4 remained stable after three cycles of tetracycline degradation. These results indicated the good stability of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 and the possibility of recycling the catalyst during the photocatalytic applications. [Display omitted] • SCC as a copper source was incorporated into the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets by hydrothermal-calcination combined processes. • The Cu/g-C 3 N 4 samples showed good photocatalytic property in degrading tetracycline solution. • O 2 •− and •OH were found to be the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing the degradation. • A possible catalytic mechanism of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuO/BiVO 4 (BVO) nanocomposite photocatalyst was immobilized on cotton fabrics through polydopamine (PDA) templating for multiple application including highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis, antimicrobial activity and UV protection. The morphology and structure of CuO/BVO nanocomposites and the coated fabrics were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The functionalized cotton fabrics were found to be highly effective in degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation with stability and recyclability, and about 97.7% of MB aqueous solution was degraded after 200 min exposure with 92.1% of the photocatalytic activity preserved even after five recycles. The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity was proposed. The coated fabrics also demonstrated to be UV protective and antimicrobial. This work will benefit the development of durable and recyclable textile based photocatalysts with multiple function. Unlabelled Image • CuO/BiVO 4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was immobilized on cotton fabrics. • Polydopamine (PDA) template was introduced to enhance anchor the nanocomposite. • Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis was achieved with mechanism revealed. • The nanocomposites also showed antimicrobial activity and UV protection. • This textile-based nanocomposite has great application potential in multiple area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green approach was successfully developed to fabricate flexible sensors by utilizing carbonized waste cotton fabrics in combination with natural rubber latex. Waste cotton fabrics were firstly carbonized by heat treatment in the nitrogen atmosphere before they were combined with natural rubber latex using three methods, i.e., vacuum bagging, negative pressure adsorption and drop coating. After impregnation with natural rubber, the carbonized cotton maintained the fabric structure and showed good conductivity. More importantly, the electric resistance of the textile composites changed with the tensile strain. The cyclic stretching-releasing tests indicated that the prepared wearable flexible strain sensors were sensitive to strain and stable under cyclic loading. The flexible strain sensor also demonstrated the capability of monitoring human finger and arm motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Hydrothermal growing of ZnO nanoparticles without crystal seeding on PDA-templated PET film was achieved. • Cluster-like ZnO nanoparticles were successfully grown with the mechanism revealed. • UPF value of 500+ was brought the PET film after coating of ZnO nanoparticles. • The ZnO-coated PET film showed excellent antimicrobial activity. Abstract Growing of ZnO nanoparticles on PET films without crystal seeding has been achieved by employing polydopamine as the anchor. The PDA layer was formed on the surface of PET film by the polymerization of dopamine. The PDA-PET was dipped into zinc precursors for hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanoparticles. Cluster-like ZnO nanoparticles were obtained and the special structure was affected by the growing time and zinc ion concentration. The surface morphology, structure and properties were characterized, and the functions including antimicrobial activity and UV protection of the ZnO-coated PET film were investigated. The developed facile hydrothermal approach without seeding will benefit the development of UV resistant and antimicrobial PET films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers into alkanes is crucial for utilization of lignin and its fragments. Herein, we developed an efficient catalytic system with well-dispersed metal nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 synergistic with an ionic liquid. The catalytic system could catalyze the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of various monomeric and dimeric lignin-derived phenols into the corresponding alkanes under acid free conditions. The synergistic [Bmim]PF6-Ru/SBA-15 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) catalysis exhibited the best HDO activity for lignin-derived phenols and dimeric ethers with ＞99.0% conversion and maximum ＞98.0% selectivity of the corresponding alkanes. The yield of cyclohexane from diphenyl ether was 97.7% with 100% conversion under 2 MPa H2 at 130 °C for 6 h. The mechanism investigation confirmed that the Ru/SBA-15 catalyst and the anion of [Bmim]PF6 played crucial roles in the hydrogenation process and deoxidization process, respectively. The catalytic system was reused six times for HDO of diphenyl ether to test its stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible and effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection has been developed by dip coating of triangular silver nanoplates (TSNPs) onto cotton fabrics. The morphology, chemical composition and crystalline structure of the coated cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. These results confirmed the presence and well dispersion of the TSNPs on the surface of cotton fabrics. p -aminothiophenol (PATP) has been used as the probe molecule to evaluate the performance of the coated cotton fabrics as a flexible SERS substrate, and the PATP in diluted solutions can be detected with the concentration as low as 10 −8  M. The results indicate that the TSNPs-coated fabrics exhibit sensitive SERS signals with excellent reproducibility and stability. The flexible SERS substrate has been demonstrated to rapidly detect carbaryl pesticides on fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A flexible and highly sensitive strain sensor was developed by using carbonized biomass Juncus effusus fiber. • The 3D fractal composite structure showed robust mechanical strength and excellent sensitivity. • Reliable sensing performance was achieved with mechanism revealed. • Potential applications include health care monitoring and human motion monitoring were demonstrated. • The promising potential of energy conversion and harvesting was demonstrated. Fabricating strain sensors with environmental-friendly, stretchable, and highly sensitive properties remains challenging. Nature has designed an abundance of biomaterials with distinctive biological structures, which may promote the development of ideal strain sensors. Herein, we present a carbonized Juncus effusus (CJE) fiber-based wearable electronic for strain sensing and energy harvesting. The CJE strain sensor demonstrated a combined superiority of large tolerable strain (over 80%), high sensitivity (GF 4.5–31.0), low detection limit (0.1% strain), fast response (within 100 ms), and excellent durability (3500 cycles), which benefit from the self-similar and homogenous three-dimensional (3D) networks of CJE fibers. Moreover, CJE-based woven fabrics exhibited enhanced sensing characteristics (GF up to 101.9, over 110% strain) and great application prospects as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Finally, the applications in detecting human activities and energy transformation were evaluated in detail. The structural advantages made CJE as a promising candidate for the feasible integration of flexible strain sensors and portable power source in wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A core-sheath sensing yarns was fabricated via scalable friction spinning. • The yarn exhibited excellent heat resistance and stretchability simultaneously. • High-temperature alarm could be transmitted through stretching and thermosensation. Electronic textiles with functions of temperature monitoring and human motion detection have attracted considerable interest, especially those which can be operated under extreme conditions such as high temperature. However, the restricted working conditions and poor stretchability have limited the practical application of most reported electronic textiles. Herein, we report a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate flame-resistant sensing yarn with a core–sheath structure for temperature monitoring and strain sensor applications via a large-scale spinning technique. The hierarchical yarn comprises a spandex filament as the core, carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated aramid fibers as the middle layer, and aramid fibers as the sheath. The obtained spandex/CNT@Aramid/Aramid (SCAA) yarn exhibited stretchability up to 160 % with excellent thermal resistance, outstanding thermal insulation performance, and temperature monitoring ability within a wide-range of 50–400 °C. Additionally, SCAA-based textiles showed excellent strain sensing performance in a wide operating temperature range (0–300 °C). Based on the above, a SCAA-based textiles which can transmit high-temperature alarms through active (stretching) and passive (thermosensation) modes was designed, enabling temperature monitoring presenting at extremely high temperatures. We believe this work will contribute to the development of practical sensing e-textiles towards applications in harsh environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copolymerization of norbornene (NB), styrene (ST), and maleic anhydride (MA) catalyzed by Fe(acac)-Al( i-Bu) has been investigated at different conditions and Fe/Al ratios in the catalyst. The copolymer composition has been investigated by using C NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography. Results demonstrate that the Fe(acac)-Al( i-Bu) catalysts are effective for the copolymerization of NB, ST, and MA at mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by a chemical reduction method that reduced silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. Hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in concentrated alkaline solution produced a carboxyl-enriched surface. The ultrathin multilayer films were fabricated by sequential adsorption of the positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged AgNPs colloid solution on PET substrates by an layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The multilayer film growth process on PET substrates was monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the multilayer film was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), scanning probe microscope (SPM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the AgNPs were uniformly dispersed on the PET film as metallic silver state. The surface wettability of multilayer film was investigated using sessile drop method. The results suggest that the PET films after assembled 10-bilayer PDDA/AgNPs multilayer films exhibits good antibacterial property. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1161-1168, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polydopamine for in-situ growth of three dimensional(3D) ZnO/Ag nanocomposites. • Raman hot spots of Ag on cluster-like ZnO nanorods for target molecules detection. • Enhanced photocatalysis by inhibited recombination of electron-hole pairs. • PET/pDA/ZnO/Ag SERS substrate with excellent sensitivity and reproducibility. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as an effective method in sensitive detection applications has attracted more and more attentions recently. In this work, polydopamine was taken to achieve the modification of PET film surface for in-situ growth of three-dimensional (3D) ZnO/Ag nanocomposites. Ag nanoparticles on cluster-like ZnO nanorods surface were applied as Raman hot spots for target molecules detection. SEM, XPS, and XRD were used to characterize the microstructures and morphologies of 3D SERS substrates. pATP molecules were selected to measure the sensitivity, uniformity, and durability, the surface-enhanced enhancement mechanism of Raman scattering was analyzed by finite difference time domain (FDDT) simulation method. Malachite green (MG) was further used as the demonstrative pesticide residue, and the catalytic activity was studied by the deoxidization of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). This work has indicated that SERS substrates exhibited the advantages of facile fabrication process, low cost, high sensitivity, good stability and excellent uniformity, which can be used for the rapid Raman enhanced spectroscopy analysis of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A conductive nanofiber composite is successfully fabricated by in situ reduction Ag NPs. • The conductive TPU nanofiber composite demonstrates good stability in harsh conditions. • The nanofiber composite sensor possesses a high sensitivity and broad working range. • The sensor was able to detect full range detection of human body motions. Flexible strain sensors have received wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable devices. However, the development of strain sensors with higher stretchability, and larger workable strain range still remains a challenge. Here, a conductive nanofiber composite with a hierarchical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) shell and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber core microstructure are constructed via depositing Ag NPs on TPU nanofiber mats surface with the aid of tannic acid (TA) and hydrolysable 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) hybrid coating (TA-APTES coating). The prepared strain sensor demonstrates high stretchability with maximum strain of 565% and high sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of about 6886. In addition, the TPU@(TA-APTES)@Ag NPs composite strain sensor can be applied to detect human motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ZIF-8/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles were in-situ grown on PDA-templated cotton fabrics for photodegradation of dyes. • ZIF-8/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles were uniformly grown on cotton fabrics and and the role of pDA was proposed. • The fabrics showed visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in degrading MB solution with stability and reliability. • The possible photocatalytic mechanism of ZIF-8/TiO 2 /pDA/CF was proposed. Excellent photocatalytic activity was achieved on textiles via polydopamine-assisted deposition of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8)/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles. Cotton fabrics as the substrate were templated with polydopamine followed by in-situ deposition of ZIF-8/TiO 2 photocatalysts. The heterogeneous nucleation growth of ZIF-8 was effectively improved by the chelation effects between polydopamine and Zn2+. SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD, and TG analysis were employed to study the morphology, chemical constituent, micro-structure and thermal stability of ZIF-8/TiO 2 deposited fabrics. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra have indicated that the composite structure is beneficial in improving the charge transfer ability and decreasing the re-union rate of photogenerated electron pair holes. The mechanism was proposed to reveal both the in-situ deposition of nanocomposites on fiber surface and photocatalytic activity. The ZIF-8/TiO 2 deposited cotton fabrics exhibit good photocatalytic activity and recyclability leading to potential industrial wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Durable core-sheath electro-thermochromic CNT/cotton composite yarn was fabricated. • The yarn shows excellent mechanical properties and thermochromic performance. • The yarn exhibits excellent electrified heating performance with stability. • The yarn is durable against mechanical deformations, washing and chemicals. • The color of the yarn can be tuned by changing the applied current for design. A core-sheath nanocomposite yarn, with CNT/cotton composite yarn (CCY) as the core and nanofibrous polyurethane/temperature sensitive ink as the sheath, was fabricated to generate highly robust and durable electro-thermochromic performance. Due to its novel core-sheath nanocomposite structure, the as-fabricated electro-thermochromic composite yarn (ECCY) brought together the excellent mechanical properties and electrothermal properties together with electrochromic performance. The ECCY exhibited excellent electrified heating performance with stability even after 100 cycles of heating/cooling. Moreover, the ECCY showed excellent durability against repeated bending, twisting and stretching, washing and even soaking in acid and alkali solutions. The color of ECCY was successfully tuned via changing the applied current. In addition, the ECCY was used to design different patterns and to form a fabric, resulting in color conversion patterns/fabrics when applying/releasing a current. This work provides a novel strategy of developing electro-thermochromic composite yarn by designing the core-sheath micro-nano fibrous composite structure. The highly robust and durable performance of yarn will benefit its applications as wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Implementing in situ hydrothermal growth of Cu NPs on textiles. • Introducing polydopamine as a template to facilitate growing nanoparticles. • Fibrous structure has been preserved with nanoparticles deposited on fibers. • Durable and highly-flexible textile based wearable sensor was developed. Incorporating conductive components into fibrous structure for wearable applications has attracted research attention recently. However, utilizing the flexibility and wearability of textiles to maintain a stable and durable wearable performance is a big challenge, as the intrinsic properties of textiles and the conductivity of the incorporated components have to work synergically in the fibrous system without compromising. In this work, polydopamine-templated PET fabrics were prepared to grow copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on the surface of the knitted PET fabrics. The surface morphology, chemical composition and crystalline structure of the Cu NP-coated PET fabrics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Cu NP layer was successfully deposited onto the polydopamine-templated PET fabrics. The fabrics showed excellent electrical conductivity due to the loading of Cu NPs. The unique knitted structure together with the durable deposition of Cu NPs resulted in negative change in electrical resistance of the fabrics under strains, granting the fabrics the potential in wearable applications. The Cu NP-coated PET fabrics were demonstrated to be applicable as wearable strain sensors and electrical heaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With fiber-based wearable electronics being developed and widely used in various fields, the safety and durability of nanomaterials in fibrous system become big concerns due to the leakage of nanomaterials and possible failure in functionality. To date, it is still challenging to fabricate wearable strain sensors with sensitivity and durability. Herein, we report a simple strategy for large-scale fabrication of core-sheath nanocomposite yarn (CSCY) based wearable sensor with high sensitivity and superior durability. By dispersing aqueous CNT ink into braided composite yarns as the core (BYs-CNT) and electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers as the sheath, a unique core-sheath micro-nanofibrous structure was fabricated to grant the yarn with extremely high sensing sensitivity (maximum GF up to 980), long-term stability and great durability (against washing and dilute hydrochloric acid). The as-developed CSCY strain sensor was demonstrated to monitor real-time subtle and vigorous human activities. The present work provides insights for developing reliable and stable, highly sensitive, flexible and durable wearable electronics with potential applications in different areas. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the strong application potential of graphene in various areas, incorporation of graphene into fibrous system for durable, flexible and reliable wearable applications is still of challenge. We hereby propose the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on PET fabrics through polydopamine (PDA) templating. Dopamine was self-polymerized on PET fabrics to for a PDA layer as a secondary platform for loading graphene oxide (GO) via vacuum filtration, and the as-prepared PET/PDA/GO was immediately reduced to PET/PDA/rGO by hot-pressing. The surface morphology, structure and properties were investigated with the mechanism proposed. The UV protective property and electrical conductivity of the prepared PET/PDA/rGO together with the durability against washing and bending and twisting were studied, and the application of the coated fabrics as wearable sensor was demonstrated. • Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on PET fabrics was achieved through polydopamine templating. • The coating was completed via vacuum filtration followed by hot-pressing reduction. • PET/PDA/rGO showed excellent UV protective property and electrical conductivity. • The PET/PDA/rGO showed durability against washing, bending and twisting. • The application of the coated fabrics as wearable sensor was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgFe 2 O 4 /graphene aerogel (MFO/GA) composites were designed and fabricated through a combined electrospinning technique and hydrothermal-induced self-assembly strategy, in which the MFO nanofibers with high crystallinity were wrapped homogeneously and tightly. The as-synthesized MFO/GA composites formed a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network structure with large surface area, high porosity, and high conductivity, which are favorable to accommodate the volume changes of MFO during the repeated lithiation-delithiation processes, shorten the diffusion path, and promote the ions/electrons transfer. As anode material for half-cell, a high reversible capacity of ~1104 mAh g−1 is obtained after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Even at 1 A g−1, the MFO/GA delivers a stable capacity of ~686 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles, exhibiting superior rate performance. When assembled with commercial LiCoO 2 cathode to build a full cell system, the MFO/GA anode also can show a reversible capacity of ~714 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of MFO/GA in both half and full cells indicates its potential application in practical lithium-ion batteries in the future. Unlabelled Image • MgFe 2 O 4 /graphene aerogel anodes have been facilely prepared by combination of electrospinning and hydrothermal. • MgFe 2 O 4 nanofibers were wrapped in graphene aerogel to form 3D conductive network. • The reversible capacity can reach ~1104 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles in half-cell. • The full cell exhibited a stable capacity of ~714 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive cotton fabric was prepared by coating single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a knitted cotton fabric surface through a “dip-and-dry” method. The combination of CNTs and cotton fabric was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The CNTs coating improved the mechanical properties of the fabric and imparted conductivity to the fabric. The electromechanical performance of the CNT-cotton fabric (CCF) was evaluated. Strain sensors made from the CCF exhibited a large workable strain range (0~100%), fast response and great stability. Furthermore, CCF-based strain sensors was used to monitor the real-time human motions, such as standing, walking, running, squatting and bending of finger and elbow. The CCF also exhibited strong electric heating effect. The flexible strain sensors and electric heaters made from CCF have potential applications in wearable electronic devices and cold weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]