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Nickel-based single crystal superalloys have broad application prospects in the aerospace field. Their excellent physical properties enable the workpiece to serve in complex environments for a long time, and are often used in the most complex stress and the worst working conditions. However, the damage caused by mechanical material removal deteriorates the wafer surface flatness and die strength, while its surface and subsurface formation principle has yet to be revealed. This study aims to analyze the influence of abrasive particles on the load of the workpiece during machining was scrutinized through the lens of stress tensor, yield performance, and third invariant. The results indicate that, a substantial stress load is exerted on the front end of the abrasive grain, leading to the yield deformation of the workpiece. Conversely, the stress load at the bottom of the abrasive grain is comparatively lower, resulting in tensile deformation and the formation of a discernible plastic damage layer. To delve deeper into the workpiece's damage phenomenon, this study conducts a comparative analysis from the standpoints of chips, surface morphology, and subsurface characteristics of DD5. Experimental results indicate that the chips on the contact surface exhibits a relatively smooth texture, while the grinding surface manifests grooves of varying depths. Concurrently, subsurface analysis reveals the presence of slip deformation and elemental flow. This investigation elucidates the intricate interplay between the grinding process and subsurface loading, offering valuable insights to enhance the quality and precision of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy workpiece manufacturing. • The stress load is impacted by the variation in grinding parameters, but the stress value applied by abrasive is slightly affected. • Subsurface deformation is linked to the frequency of serrated chip formation. • Low wheel speed combined with high feed rate and grinding depth causes more noticeable scratches on the workpiece's surface. • Workpiece surface becomes more microhard than the substrate, and the microhardness is increased by about 15 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the double-difference tomography (tomoDD) method is applied to jointly invert the three-dimensional (3-D) crustal velocity structure and earthquake locations in the Maduo area based on automatically and manually picked seismic phase data. The results show that: (1) We speculated that the seismogenic fault is the Kunlun Pass–Jiangcuo Fault based on the spatial distributions of the aftershocks and surface rupture and the strike slip nature of the fault and the mainshock. In addition, a continuous northwest-trending branch fault may exist on the north side of the western section of the Maduo aftershocks. (2) We speculated that the Maduo earthquake was a bilateral rupture based on the media strength of the upper crust and near the surface and the seismic distribution. The findings also provide evidence for the large-scale rupture of the Maduo earthquake. In addition, the high-velocity body to the upper right of the mainshock satisfactorily explains the unobvious rupture above the mainshock. The late weak seismicity indicates that the energy released during the earthquake rupture was sufficient, and it is concluded that the short-term seismic hazard is insignificant. (3) The low S-wave velocity and high wave ratio reflect the existence of crustal fluids in the Maduo area based on the results of previous studies. The Maduo earthquake occurred on the side of the biased high-velocity body in the high-low velocity transition zone, where the stress easily accumulates and is easily released. Therefore, we conclude that the Maduo earthquake accumulated significant stress in the source area. The crustal fluids encountered a hard slope-type high-velocity body and flowed upward into the seismogenic fault, weakening the seismogenic fault. The combined effect of both processes finally triggered the Maduo MS7.4 earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the grinding-induced microstructural and mechanical evolution in high-entropy nickel-based superalloys GH4169 and DD5, underscoring their distinct behaviors under varying machining conditions. Leveraging "Random Substitution" in Material Studio, the research developed intricate atomic models to accurately depict the complex chemical compositions and microstructures of these superalloys. Neper software was employed for multi-scale modeling, specifically analyzing the unit cells of GH4169. A critical focus was placed on the effects of key grinding parameters—depth, spindle speed, and feed rate—on the crystallographic deformation of GH4169, contrasting it with the response of DD5. The study highlighted a notable transition in GH4169's material removal mechanism from plastic flow to chip spallation at enhanced grinding depths and feed rates, while maintaining lattice integrity at higher grinding speeds. GH4169 consistently demonstrated greater tangential and normal forces during grinding compared to DD5, reflecting intricate machining complexities. The differential crystal orientations between these superalloys significantly impacted the grinding force distribution and heat dissipation during the process. This comprehensive analysis provides pivotal insights into the micro-level grinding process parameters, enriching both theoretical and practical understanding of material machinability in advanced manufacturing contexts. The study's novelty lies in its application of detailed atomic models and multi-scale modeling to uncover subtle microstructural and mechanical dynamics during the grinding of superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to investigate the advantages of blending affordable, lightweight, and biodegradable plant fibers with carbon fibers compared to single‐fiber composites. Adding ramie fiber to carbon fiber to produce carbon‐ramie fiber (CRFRP) and ramie–carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (RCFRP), and prepare pure carbon fiber and pure ramie fiber composites (carbon fiber‐reinforced composite [CFRP], RFRP) for comparison. Then, their static and dynamic mechanical properties (stretching, bending, low speed, and high‐speed impact) are illustrated. The results show that the CRFRP and RCFRP hybrid composites exhibit excellent properties, although slightly lower than the CFRP composites, but much higher than the RFRP, and the CRFRP composites show a slightly higher performance advantage over the RCFRP composites. Compared with CFRP composites, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and high‐speed impact peak load of CRFRP composites are reduced by 24.07%, 0.12%, and 5.44%, respectively, and the RCFRP composites are reduced by 32.11%, 45.82%, and 37% respectively. The results of the low‐speed impact test also show that the two mixed composites have good fracture elongation and stiffness. Therefore, the mechanical properties of CRFRP and RCFRP composites are comparable to those of CFRP composites, which not only reduces the material cost and reduce weight of the composite but also boosts the solution of the two‐carbon problem. Highlights: Innovative combination with natural fibers and synthetic fibers to fabricate hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites.The static (tensile and flexural) and dynamic (low‐speed and high‐speed impact) mechanical properties of CRFRP, RCFRP, CFRP, and RFRP composites are measured.The mechanical properties of CRFRP and RCFRP composites are comparable to those of CFRP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new hydrazone Schiff base ligand was condensed from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and pyrimidine-4-carbohydrazide {H2L = (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-4-carbohydrazide}, which was used to assemble two new Dy2 complexes Dy2L2(DMF)2(NO3)2 (1) and Dy2L2(DMF)2(AcO)2 (2). Notably, the coordinated anions have a subtle effect on the coordination configurations of the Dy3+ ions and the magnetic properties of the two Dy2 complexes. The Dy3+ ions in 1 and 2 have the same N2O5 coordination environment but show the triangular dodecahedron and the biaugmented trigonal prism coordination configurations, respectively. Magnetic measurements revealed that both 1 and 2 have intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions between the Dy3+ ions and show single-molecule magnet behaviors at 0 Oe, with Ueff/k values of 58.2 K for 1 and 59.9 K for 2. These magnetic properties may be explained by theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the stroke incidence has been increasing year by year, and the related sequelae after stroke, such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and post-stroke depression, seriously affect the patient's rehabilitation and daily activities. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a safe, non-invasive, and effective new rehabilitation method, has been widely recognized in clinical practice. This article reviews the application and research progress of rTMS in treating different functional impairments (cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, unilateral spatial neglect, depression) after stroke in recent years, and preliminary summarized the possible mechanisms. It has been found that the key parameters that determine the effectiveness of rTMS in improving post-stroke functional impairments include pulse number, stimulated brain areas, stimulation intensity and frequency, as well as duration. Generally, high-frequency stimulation is used to excite the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, while low-frequency stimulation is used to inhibit the contralateral cerebral cortex, thus achieving a balance of excitability between the two hemispheres. However, the specific mechanisms and the optimal stimulation mode for different functional impairments have not yet reached a consistent conclusion, and more research is needed to explore and clarify the best way to use rTMS. Furthermore, we will identify the issues and challenges in the current research, explore possible mechanisms to deepen understanding of rTMS, propose future research directions, and offer insightful insights for better clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domain knowledge is gradually renovating its attributes to exhibit distinct features in autonomy, propelled by the shift of modern transportation systems (TS) toward autonomous TS (ATS) comprising three progressive generations. The knowledge graph (KG) and its corresponding versions can help depict the evolving TS. Given that KG versions exhibit asymmetry primarily due to variations in evolved knowledge, it is imperative to harmonize the evolved knowledge embodied by the entity across disparate KG versions. Hence, this article proposes a siamese-based graph convolutional network (GCN) model, namely SiG, to address unresolved issues of low accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness in aligning asymmetric KGs. SiG can optimize entity alignment in ATS and support the analysis of future-stage ATS development. Such a goal is attained through (a) generating unified KGs to enhance data quality, (b) defining graph split to facilitate entire-graph computation, (c) enhancing a GCN to extract intrinsic features, and (d) designing a siamese network to train asymmetric KGs. The evaluation results suggest that SiG surpasses other commonly employed models, resulting in average improvements of 23.90% and 37.89% in accuracy and efficiency, respectively. These findings have significant implications for TS evolution analysis and offer a novel perspective for research on complex systems limited by continuously updated knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the microstructure damage mechanism of the difficult-to-machine material nickel-base single crystal superalloy DD5 by analyzing the working condition load and crystal deformation. The complexity of the macroscopic and microscopic deformation phenomena during the machining process makes it challenging to study the damage mechanism of the workpiece. Hence, crystal kinematics equation is established using true stress-true strain theory, and the internal force balance and constitutive model of the crystal are analyzed. The proposed theory is applied to finite element processing and experimental analysis of the workpiece, and the subsurface deformation behavior is studied from a mechanistic perspective.The stress model is employed to explore the plastic flow phenomenon of the material during the machining process, and the influence of stress and shear force on the subsurface of the workpiece is discussed. The theoretical analysis of crystal deformation, based on the principles of materials science and mechanics, uncovers the relationship between subsurface deformation curvature and stress. The study delves into the effects of the grinding process on subsurface damage and deformation by analyzing the phenomena of plastic flow, plastic slip, and plastic winding in the subsurface microstructure. The results indicate that at grinding speed v s = 25 m/s and grinding depth a p = 60 μm, the damage to the subsurface deformation layer is minimal. The grinding process considerably impacts the stress exerted on the workpiece, with an amplitude ranging from 1.255 × 103 to 1.286 × 103. Conversely, the strain on the workpiece is relatively less affected by the grinding process, exhibiting an amplitude of 2.366–3.568. Moreover, when the normal stress and shear force of the abrasive particles form 45° angle, the subsurface deformation of DD5 manifests a distinct slip distortion at an approximate 45° curvature. • When the subsurface reaches internal stress balance f + div ∑ = 0 , the shear force is ν and the internal force is 1 − 2 ν. • With the development of technology, a grinding speed of v s = 25 m/s and grinding depth of a p = 60 μm can result in an effective removal of nickel-based superalloy DD5. • During grinding, the grinding depth is directly proportional to the true strain, whereas the grinding speed is inversely proportional to the true strain. • Subsurface crystal plastic slip and grinding direction mostly display 45° angle slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The herbs in Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction (THSWD) are beneficial in the treatment of cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms of THSWD in treating diabetes‐associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) are not entirely explored. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of THSWD in DACD model rats and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Ultra‐high‐phase liquid chromatography was employed to identify the main compounds contained in the THSWD extract. DACD rat model was induced by feeding with a high‐sugar and high‐fat diet and injecting streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). DACD rats were gavaged with THSWD for 1 week. The learning and memory abilities of the rats were measured by using the Morris water maze. Western blotting was used to detect the changes in DACD rat targets. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the correlation between proteins. Results: The results show that THSWD effectively reduced the escape latency, hippocampal neuron damage, glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C, and blood lipid levels in DACD rats. Furthermore, DACD rats showed significantly increased amyloid precursor protein, β‐secretase, Aβ1−40, Aβ1−42, Tau phosphorylation, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) expression. However, THSWD treatment can reverse this phenomenon. Conclusions: THSWD can improve the learning and memory abilities of DACD rats by inhibiting the expression of AEGs‐AGE receptors pathway, which provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of THSWD. In addition, the experiment combines pharmacological and statistical methods, which offers a new perspective for the study of Chinese herbal medicine. Key points: Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction (THSWD) can improve the learning and memory abilities of diabetes‐associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) rats.Reduced Aβ content was associated with more favorable cognitive abilities.The advanced glycation end products (AGEs)‐AGE receptors (RAGE) pathway may be a key pathway for THSWD to alleviate symptoms in DACD rats and exert therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common obstruction of intestinal content passage caused by almost all abdominal operations that seriously strokes the quality of life of patients. Kuanchang-Shu granule (KCSG), a classic modified prescription based on "Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction", has obtained satisfactory efficacy in the clinical therapeutics of POI. However, its material basis and holistic molecular mechanism against POI have not been revealed. Methods: The chemical ingredients of KCSG were first characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Subsequently, an integration strategy of the network pharmacology and molecular docking based on above identified ingredients was performed to unveil the potential targets involved in the treatment of KCSG on POI. Finally, intestinal manipulation induced rat POI model was constructed to verify the efficacy and predicted mechanism of KCSG against POI. Results: In total, 246 ingredients mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and phenols were identified. 41 essential ingredients, 24 crucial targets as well as 15 relevant signaling pathways were acquired based on network pharmacology analysis. Pharmacodynamic research showed that KCSG treatment could protect intestinal histological damage, promote the recovery of measurement of gastrointestinal transit disorder and inhibit the secretion of myeloperoxidase in the distal ileum tissues. The up-regulated expression of p-AKT and down-regulated expression of p-eNOS and HSP9OAA1 predicted by molecular docking and validated by western blotting showed that AKT/eNOS/HSP90AA1 pathway may be one of the crucial mechanisms that mediates the protective effect of KCSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heptanuclear {GdIII7} (complex 1) and tetradecanuclear {GdIII14} (complex 2) were synthesized using the rhodamine 6G ligand HL (rhodamine 6G salicylaldehyde hydrazone) and characterized. Complex 1 has a rare disc-shaped structure, where the central Gd ion is connected to the six peripheral GdIII ions via CH3O−/μ3-OH− bridges. Complex 2 has an unexpected three-layer double sandwich structure with a rare μ6-O2− ion in the center of the cluster. Magnetic studies revealed that complex 1 exhibits a magnetic entropy change of 17.4 J kg−1 K−1 at 3 K and 5 T. On the other hand, complex 2 shows a higher magnetic entropy change of 22.3 J kg−1 K−1 at 2 K and 5 T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric field measurement techniques based on Rydberg atoms have proven to have unique advantages in high sensitivity and have drawn wide attention in microwave electric field metrology and communication. The Rydberg states employed for microwave sensing are usually excited by two- or three-step laser irradiation. It leads to the Rydberg atoms being populated by some specific magnetic quantum number states determined by the laser polarization configurations, whose further coupling to another Rydberg state is also constrained by the microwave polarization. Based on a three-laser optical excitation, we demonstrate this effect on the microwave spectra of the 85Rb transitions 41F7/2 → 42D5/2 and 41F7/2 → 41G7/2 at various combining polarization configurations. It shows a strong polarization dependence on the microwave spectrum and then affects the sensitivity of Rydberg atom-based microwave field sensing. Advisable polarization schemes for higher sensitivity are suggested by the two types of transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune rejection is a significant concern in organ transplantation, as it can lead to damage to and failure of the transplanted organ. To prevent or treat immune rejection, transplant recipients are commonly administered immunosuppressive drugs. Tacrolimus (FK506) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug in organ transplantation. The excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation and tissue damage. Although NETs play an antimicrobial role, their overproduction can be harmful. To investigate the mechanism by which FK506 suppresses immune rejection, we utilized HL-60 cells, which were differentiated into neutrophils using DMSO and induced to form NETs with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a very efficient and frequently used drug for inducing NET formation. By comparing pre- and post-treatment with FK506, we examined whether FK506 affects the formation of NETs. Various experimental techniques were employed, including confocal imaging for visualizing cell NETs, qPCR and Western blotting for gene and protein expression analyses, ELISAs for protein content detection, and LC-MS/MS for methylation detection. In our study, we discovered that FK506 can enhance DNA methylation, which likely contributes to the reduction in NETs. Genes and proteins related to methylation, namely, DNMT3B and TET3, exhibited significant correlations with methylation. Consistent changes in both genes and proteins suggest that DNMT3B and TET3 are key factors that are influenced by FK506, resulting in enhanced DNA methylation and the potential inhibition of PMA-induced NET production. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism by which FK506 inhibits NET production through the enhancement of DNA methylation. This finding highlights a new aspect of FK506′s immunosuppressive effect. Our results provide valuable insights for clinical research, immunosuppression, and organ preservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties that make them suitable for aviation and industrial steam turbine blades. However, due to their distinguished properties, processing such materials becomes challenging. In order to enhance the fatigue life of workpiece processing, this research involved the development of a three-dimensional Hill simulation model of a single abrasive grain based on the anisotropic parameters of materials. The study also explored the formation mechanisms of the subsurface metamorphic layer of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5. The influence of grinding process parameters, such as wheel speed (vs), grinding depth (ap), and feed rate (vf), on the subsurface metamorphic layer of the workpiece was comparatively analyzed. In addition, the influence of the grinding process parameters on the thickness of the metamorphic layer of the (001) crystal plane of the workpiece was examined. The low damage grinding parameters of DD5 were determined to be as follows: the linear speed of the wheel speed is 35 m/s, the grinding depth is 20 μm, and the feed rate is 0.2 m/min. Further, combining with experimental analysis, the influence of each grinding process parameter was analyzed, whereby the wheel speed was found to have the greatest influence on the metamorphic layer of the workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Schiff base ligand, which is formed by the condensation reaction of 5-fluorosalicylaldehyde and pyrimidine-4-carbonyl hydrazide {H2LSchiff = (E)-N′-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-4-carbohydrazide}, was made to react with different dysprosium(III) salts in an alkaline solution to assemble Dy4 and Dy6 cluster complexes, [Dy4(OH)2(LSchiff)4(H2O)2(NO3)2]·4MeCN·MeOH (1) and [Dy6(CO3)2(LSchiff)6(H2O)3(MeOH)Cl2]·5MeOH (2), depending on whether the anion used is nitrate or chloride. Complex 1 corresponding to the nitrate anion is a butterfly-like Dy4 cluster complex with four different Dy(III) coordination configurations of [O6N2], [O8N], [O7N2] and [O6N3]; when the anion is replaced by the chloride anion, carbon dioxide can be automatically captured from the air and converted into a carbonate bridging ligand, and the final product obtained is complex 2, which is a triangular prism-type Dy6 cluster complex with double μ3-carbonate bridging ligands. Both 1 and 2 show good zero-field SMM properties, with Ueff/k values of 116.5 K for 1 and 150.9 K for 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-crystal materials have emerged as a new class of materials widely utilized in the aerospace field. This paper aims to study nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5, a notoriously challenging material to process. Among the various machining techniques, grinding can achieve superior surface quality with minimal size errors, making it an ideal choice for this experiment. Consequently, this research utilizes the grinding method to investigate the subsurface deformation mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy. To investigate the subsurface plastic damage layer in nickel-based single crystal superalloy, the Hollomon relationship is employed to elaborate on the subsurface plastic deformation mechanism. Furthermore, an effective removal thickness model of a single abrasive grain was established in this study to examine the impact of grinding on the subsurface of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5. The model analyzes the influencing factors of subsurface plastic deformation in the grinding process, evaluates the different grinding parameters' effects on the maximum plastic deformation of subsurface and plastic deformation thickness, and compares the simulation with experimental results. The findings indicate that the subsurface damage of the workpiece is primarily affected by the maximum plastic deformation rate, and the plastic deformation in the workpiece is typically influenced by material properties. Within the experimental parameters, the plastic deformation of nickel-based single crystal superalloy reduces with an increase in wheel speed while subsurface plastic deformation increases with a rise in feed rate and grinding depth. Among other processing parameters, the wheel speed has the most significant effect on subsurface plastic deformation during the grinding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The reaction of DyCl3⋅6H2O with a rigid diacylhydrazone ligand (H2L) afforded a trinuclear precursor [Dy3L2Cl3(H2O)2(CH3OH)]Cl2⋅3CH3OH (1). The replacement of the Cl– ions and the coordinating solvents by the aryloxides ligands (Lx)– yields three trinuclear complexes [Dy3L2(Lx)5]⋅nsol (x = 1,2‐naphthol (2); x = 2,7‐hydroxycoumarin (3); and x = 3, phenol (4)). In complexes 2—4, two end Dy3+ centers adopt almost identical N4O4 coordination sphere of D6h geometry while the central one adopts N4O5 coordination sphere in Cs geometry. Magnetic measurements reveal weak antiferromagnetic interactions in the hydrated samples 2e—4e and two‐step slow relaxation process under zero dc field with effective energy barriers Ueff of 439 and 91 K, 353 and 40 K, 466 and 89 K for SR and FR in 2e—4e, respectively. Such dynamic magnetic behaviour for 4 persists in the magnetically diluted sample of 4@Y. Complex 4 possesses the short Dy‐Oaryloxide bond distance of 2.055(18) Å, and the largest Ueff among the reported linear trinuclear dysprosium complexes. Moreover, the functionalized aryloxides ligands (Lx)– show photoluminescence via intramolecular energy transfer, making 2e—4e luminescent Dy3+ SMMs with high energy barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benefiting from increased life expectancy and improved perioperative management, more elderly patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, individualized predictive models for the safety and efficacy of PD is still lacking. this study aimed to developed three safety‐ and efficacy‐related risk calculators for elderly (> = 65 years) PHC patients. Methods: This study was designed with two research cohorts, namely, the training cohort and the validation cohort, and comprises four general steps: (1) Risk factors were analyzed for the incidence of postoperative complications, cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) in the training cohort (N = 271) using logistic and Cox‐regression analysis. (2) Nomograms were then plotted based on the above results. (3) The accuracy of the developed nomogram models was then verified with the validation cohort (N = 134) data using consistency index (C‐index) and calibration curves. (4) We then evaluated the efficacy of these nomograms using decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and validation cohorts, and ultimately constructed three online calculators based on these nomograms. Results: We identified ASA, diabetes, smoking, and lymph node invasion as predisposing risk factors for postoperative complications, and the predictive factors that affected both OS and CSS were ASA, diabetes, BMI, CA19‐9 level, and tumor diameter. By integrating the above risk factors, we constructed three nomograms on postoperative complication, CSS, and OS. The C‐index for complication, CSS, and OS were 0.824, 0.784, and 0.801 in the training cohort and 0.746, 0.718, and 0.708 in the validation cohort. Moreover, the validation curves and DCA demonstrated good calibration and robust compliance in both training and validation cohorts. We then developed three web calculators (https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMCD/, https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMCSS/, and https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMOS/) to facilitate the use of the nomograms. Conclusions: The calculators demonstrated promising performance as an tool for predicting the safety and efficacy of PD in elderly PHC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a pioneering three-dimensional simulation model for Abaqus multi-grit grinding, developed via Python's secondary capabilities. The model generates random 48-sided abrasive grains arranged on a cylinder following a characteristic distribution pattern, thus emulating a 200-grit micro-abrasive rod. The model considers varying spindle speeds, grinding depths, and feed rates to investigate the influence of multi-grit on the surface profiles of chips and workpieces for the nickel-based single-crystal Superalloy DD5. The multi-grain simulation reveals that grain 1 produces serrated chips at 60 kr/min in 46% of the global process, increasing to 60% at 80 kr/min. Abrasive generation and grinding initiation occur 10% and 12% earlier, respectively, at 100 kr/min compared to 80 kr/min Additionally, peak grinding forces rise with displacement as spindle speed increases. With a feed rate of 2 m/s, serrated chips constitute 36% of the global process in grain 1, increasing to 50% at 3 m/s. At a peak feed rate of 4 m/s, grinding force decreases as displacement increases. The normal distribution of abrasive particles causes an increase in the number of particles involved in grinding as grinding depth grows. This innovative model contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of multi-grit grinding processes and optimization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yao and Guan [[26]] derive atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles under all sky conditions from GIIRS-observed brightness temperatures using three deep machine learning algorithms. This Topic covers a wide range of topics, including atmospheric dynamics and physics, synoptic weather, climate variability, climate change, and remote sensing observations for weather and climate studies. Due to noise interference, TB observations reflecting rain, clouds, tropical cyclone warm core, temperature and water vapor distributions are not readily distinguishable, especial in channels above the middle troposphere (channels 4-7 and 24), whose dynamic ranges of TB are smaller than low tropospheric channels 1-3. [[9]] is an observational study that quantifies the change in amplitude of synoptic-scale surface temperature variability across the U.S., finding a surge in the surface temperature variability in the Rockies and surrounding regions but a reduction over low land regions. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment methodology for the quality control of Forsythia suspensa (FS). The peak purity was initially determined by dual-wavelength absorption coefficient ratio profiling (DACRP). Subsequently, to overcome the drawbacks of single-wavelength assessment, the fingerprint profiles of multiple wavelengths were fused and the UV and IR spectrum data of Forsythia suspensa were processed to create quantum fingerprint profiles, which were later evaluated by the method of quantitative comprehensive ratio fingerprint (MQCRF). An online antioxidant system and a partial least squares model were also used to establish fingerprint efficacy relationships, investigate the use of chromatographic peaks and the UV spectrum in antioxidant activity, and predict potential bioactive substances and their distribution wavelength ranges. Finally, the quality consistency of Forsythia suspensa was comprehensively described and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and immune cells plays a critical role in predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer. This study introduces a novel approach based on artificial intelligence (AI) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to quantitatively assess the spatial associations between tumor cells and immune cells. To achieve this, we employ the Morisita-Horn ecological index (Mor-index), which allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution patterns between tumor cells and immune cells within the TME. Materials and methods: In this study, we employed a combination of deep learning technology and traditional computer segmentation methods to accurately segment the tumor nuclei, immune nuclei, and stroma nuclei within the tumor regions of IHC-stained WSIs. The Mor-index was used to assess the spatial association between tumor cells and immune cells in TME of CRC patients by obtaining the results of cell nuclei segmentation. A discovery cohort (N = 432) and validation cohort (N = 137) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the Mor-index for overall survival (OS). Results: The efficacy of our method was demonstrated through experiments conducted on two datasets comprising a total of 569 patients. Compared to other studies, our method is not only superior to the QuPath tool but also produces better segmentation results with an accuracy of 0.85. Mor-index was quantified automatically by our method. Survival analysis indicated that the higher Mor-index correlated with better OS in the discovery cohorts (HR for high vs. low 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.77, P = 0.0014) and validation cohort (0.21, 0.10–0.46, < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study provided a novel AI-based approach to segmenting various nuclei in the TME. The Mor-index can reflect the immune status of CRC patients and is associated with favorable survival. Thus, Mor-index can potentially make a significant role in aiding clinical prognosis and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based superalloys, as typically difficult-to-machine materials, are mainly used in aero-engine, ship, chemical industry, and other fields. To further enhance the surface quality of nickel-based superalloys, prolong the life of wheels, save the related costs, and achieve sustainable development, many exploratory works on eco-friendly sustainable grinding technology have been carried out by relevant researchers. Based on the action and material properties of nickel-based superalloys, the lubrication mechanism and research results of MQL are first summarized. Then, the latest research progress of micro-lubrication technology and its synergism technology is introduced briefly. In addition, the relationship between MQL penetration characteristics, grinding process characteristics, and eco-friendly sustainability is established. Finally, the technical mechanism and latest achievements of Cryo-MQL, NMQL, and EMQL are summarized. The aim of those works is to reveal the MQL synergistic mechanism and provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for its grinding engineering application of nickel-based superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving fatigue is a leading contributor to traffic accidents and fatalities. For automatic detection of fatigue, multimodal data fusion is a potential key technique, especially the merging of electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movement. Although EEG can produce objective measures of fatigue with very high temporal resolution, an unfriendly multichannel system limits its practical application while portable wearables and machine vision receive much attention since they are pervasive and user friendly. Hence, this study aims to construct a novel pipeline by using machine vision technique to improve the quality of driver fatigue detection based on forehead EEG. By coupling the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), the precise and reliable dataset for reflecting drivers' fatigue levels were obtained. Moreover, major artifact contamination related to blink activity for frontal-channel EEG was removed by a synchronous video-based eyeblink event marker. In addition, the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features of eyelid keypoints was applied to fuse with the EEG-driven features. Sixteen subjects participated in a realistic driving simulation experiment. Both machine and deep learning methods were used to implement the intra-subject and inter-subject cross validation. It demonstrated that our proposed method can achieve a significant performance. The present work showed the usefulness of forehead EEG and eye images that was originally merged for detecting fatigue. It provides a new strategy of using forehead EEG combined with machine vision to design a potential and automatic pipeline for driver fatigue detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the significant anisotropy of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy, a three-dimensional single-abrasive grinding model based on the Hill model was developed. In work, the change of the actual grinding thickness (ag) of abrasive is taken into account in establishing the model. In addition, a combination of theoretical research and experimental research is used. The surface morphology and chip morphology of DD5 were first studied. Then, the chip morphology evolution and the grinding force change were investigated. Finally, the influence of grinding speed (vs) on chip morphology and chip segmentation frequency (fc) was studied. The research shows that serrated chips can easily occur when machining DD5 within the range of grinding parameters. The grinding force increased steadily and was accompanied by inevitable periodic fluctuations corresponding to serrated chips. As the grinding speed increased, the abrasive could enter the cutting stage more quickly, and their critical chip thickness (acr) eventually decreased from 0.225 to 0.158 μm, and the percentage of the cutting phase increased from 85 to 89.5%. The critical scratch thickness, on the other hand, was not significantly influenced by the change in grinding speed. The grinding speed and thickness substantially influence the morphology and segmentation frequency of DD5 chips. Specifically, when grinding speed continues to increase, the DD5 chip morphology changed from a densely stacked unit nodal shape with serrated subsections to a continuous type of serrated shape and finally developed into a strip-shaped chip. At different grinding speeds, the chip segmentation frequency of DD5 decreases with increasing grinding depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel plasma radio frequency generator and its single-use polypectomy snares for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of gastrointestinal (GI) polyps. Methods: A total of 217 patients with 413 GI polyps were recruited from four centers in China. Patients were assigned to experimental or control groups using a central randomization method. The experimental group used the novel plasma radio frequency generator and its matched single-use polypectomy snares (Neowing, Shanghai), while the control group used the high-frequency electrosurgical unit (Erbe, Germany) and disposable electrosurgical snares (Olympus, Japan). The primary endpoint was the en bloc resection rate, and the non-inferiority margin was set at 10%. Secondary endpoint included operation time, coagulation success rate, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rate, and perforation rate. Results: The en bloc resection rate was 97.20% (104/107) in the experimental group and 95.45% (105/110) in the control group (P = 0.496). The operation time was 29.14 ± 20.21 min in the experimental group and 30.26 ± 18.74 min in the control group (P = 0.671). The average removal time of a single polyp in the experimental group was 7.52 ± 4.45 min, which was slightly shorter than that in the control group 8.90 ± 6.67 min, with no statistical difference (P = 0.076). The intraoperative bleeding rates of the experimental group and control group were 8.41% (9/107) and 10.00% (11/110), respectively (P = 0.686). No intraoperative perforation occurred in either group. The postoperative bleeding rates of the experimental group and the control group were 1.87% (2/107) and 4.55% (5/110), respectively (P = 0.465). No postoperative perforation occurred in the experimental group (0/107), while one case of delayed perforation occurred in the control group (1/110, 0.91%). There was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Endoscopic mucosal resection of GI polyps with the novel plasma radio frequency generator is safe and effective, and non-inferior to the conventional high-frequency electrosurgical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhenium element and grain boundaries have an essential effect on the dislocation slip generated during the grinding process of Ni-based superalloys. To study the impact of rhenium and grain boundaries on the grinding surface quality of Ni-based superalloys, the experiments were conducted with Ni-based polycrystalline superalloy GH4169 and Ni-based single-crystal superalloy DD5 (containing rhenium element) and DD98 (without rhenium element) as the research objects. The experiments with flat groove grinding as a machining method were conducted to explore the changes in surface roughness, grinding force, and surface morphology of the three Ni-based superalloys under different grinding parameters. The experiments show that the rhenium element significantly improves the high-temperature durability of Ni-based superalloys. In the relatively low-temperature condition (low grinding speed, considerable grinding depth, and high feed rate), the machining quality of DD5 is better than that of DD98, while in the relatively high-temperature condition, the machining quality of DD5 is lower than that of DD98. In the range of grinding parameters, the distortion of the subsurface microstructure of DD5 is lower than that of DD98. However, there is little difference between the two superalloys in chip morphology and serration. In high-temperature environments, grain boundaries become the weak link in Ni-based superalloys. The surface quality of GH4169 with grain boundaries is better than DD5, and its chip morphology differs significantly from DD5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of the CeO2–WO3/TiO2 catalysts doping polyethylene oxide (PEO) were synthesized by coprecipitation method and applied to selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. The PEO doping catalysts showed better low-temperature activity, which demonstrated a prominent wide operation window ranging from 220 to 526 °C. A series of characterization methods were performed to demonstrate the influence of PEO addition on the internal structure, physical and chemical properties and catalytic reaction mechanism for the CeO2–WO3/TiO2 catalysts. More importantly, the addition of PEO could significantly modify and optimize the pore structure of catalysts, meanwhile, it was verified that the addition of PEO can enhance the content of Ce3+, adsorbed oxygen and the Brönsted and Lewis acid sites on the catalyst surface, thereby affecting the redox abilities, nitrogen oxides and ammonia adsorption capacity of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the intelligent and automated provision of mobility services by autonomous transportation systems, bike-sharing can be a supplement to public transport for addressing their point-to-point issue, namely, "last mile" service. However, according to the different nature of land use, the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of travel demand can directly lead to difficult access to bikes with high travel costs for users and operating costs for operators. Based on this, this paper analyzes the user behavior patterns within different areas by using GeoHash encoding and proposes a hierarchical autonomous vehicle scheduling model based on tide bicycle-sharing traffic, namely, HATB. It minimizes operating costs and maximizes user satisfaction to dynamically optimize scheduling routes and required vehicles within each layered zone. As for extracting historical orders of Mobike in Beijing, an example analysis through the genetic algorithm of HATB is conducted to support effective and efficient scheduling. Compared to existing scheduling methods, HATB has faster convergence and lower time complexity, which improves bike turnaround efficiency and practical application ability, thus making it more convenient for the public to travel during peak hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lagerstroemia caudata is a rare aromatic species native to southeastern China, but its floral scent properties and release dynamics remain unclear. This study is the first systematic analysis of spatial-temporal variation in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from L. caudata by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-two VOCs were identified, 20 of which were detected for the first time. Aldehydes, alcohols, and monoterpenoids were the main VOC categories, each with different releasing rhythms. Total emission of VOCs was much higher in the full-blooming stage (140.90 ng g−1min−1) than in the pre-blooming (36.54 ng g−1min−1) or over-blooming (24.92 ng g−1min−1). Monoterpenoids, especially nerol, geraniol, and linalool, were the characteristic VOCs for full-blooming flowers. Daily emissions of nine compounds (nerol, geraniol, linalool, citronellol, β-citral, (E)-citral, phenylethyl alcohol, 2-heptanol, 2-nonanol) correlated closely with the opening of L. caudata, presenting an apparent diurnal pattern of scent emission. Tissue-specific emission was found in most isolated floral parts. Stamen was the most significant source of floral VOCs, considering its high emission levels of total VOC (627.96 ng g−1min−1). Our results extend the information on floral VOCs of Lagerstroemia and provide a theoretical basis for breeding new cultivars with desirable floral scents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formula recognition is widely used in document intelligent processing, which can significantly shorten the time for mathematical formula input, but the accuracy of traditional methods could be higher. In order to solve the complexity of formula input, an end-to-end encoder-decoder framework with an attention mechanism is proposed that converts formulas in pictures into LaTeX sequences. The Vision Transformer (VIT) is employed as the encoder to convert the original input picture into a set of semantic vectors. Due to the two-dimensional nature of mathematical formula, in order to accurately capture the formula characters' relative position and spatial characteristics, positional embedding is introduced to ensure the uniqueness of the character position. The decoder adopts the attention-based Transformer, in which the input vector is translated into the target LaTeX character. The model adopts joint codec training and Cross-Entropy as a loss function, which is evaluated on the im2latex-100k dataset and CROHME 2014. The experiment shows that BLEU reaches 92.11, MED is 0.90, and Exact Match(EM) is 0.62 on the im2latex-100k dataset. This paper's contribution is to introduce machine translation to formula recognition and realize the end-to-end transformation from the trajectory point sequence of formula to latex sequence, providing a new idea of formula recognition based on deep learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lactate (L-lactate and D-lactate) is the main production of the Warburg effect, which is vital for carcinoma cell metabolism. This review retrospects the lactate isomer metabolism in the cancer progress. The related enzyme and proteins have been listed as prognostic biomarkers for cancers, and the lactate down-streamed molecular cancerogenic signaling is also introduced. This review will provide a new strategy for anticancer therapy that targets lactate metabolism. Lactate mediates multiple cell-intrinsic effects in cancer metabolism in terms of development, maintenance, and metastasis and is often correlated with poor prognosis. Its functions are undertaken as an energy source for neighboring carcinoma cells and serve as a lactormone for oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, two isomers of lactate are produced in the Warburg effect: L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is the main end-production of glycolytic fermentation which catalyzes glucose, and tiny D-lactate is fabricated through the glyoxalase system. Their production inevitably affects cancer development and therapy. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms of lactate isomers production, and highlight emerging evidence of the carcinogenic biological effects of lactate and its isomers in cancer. Accordingly, therapy that targets lactate and its metabolism is a promising approach for anticancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central theme of this study is to explore if and how the intensity of a tropical cyclone (TC) is related to its size. This subject has puzzled atmospheric scientists since the work of Deppermann, but the existence of this relationship still remains elusive. The improved understanding of the intensity–size relationship of TCs will help coastal communities to prepare for the maximum potential damage as both the intensity and size have important impacts on wind damages, storm surges, and flooding. This study considers 33 years (1988–2020) of TC records of maximum surface winds and radii of maximum and gale-force winds over the North Atlantic basin derived from the Extended Best Track Dataset. Analysis of these TC records reveals a robust positive correlation between loss of Earth and relative angular momentum. This finding together with the inspiration from the seminal work of Emanuel and his collaborators leads us to combine absolute angular momentum and its frictional loss as a radially invariant quantity, referred to as "effective absolute angular momentum" (eAAM), for radial profiles of TC surface winds. It is demonstrated that the eAAM model can reproduce the observed complex intensity–size relationship of TCs, which can be further reduced to a quasi-linear one after factoring out the angular momentum loss and the radius of maximum surface winds. The findings of this study would not only advance our understanding of the complex TC intensity–size relation, but also allow for operational assessments of TC severity and potential damage just using its outer wind information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of glass fibre doped Ce–W/TiO2 catalysts were investigated for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3. The adhesion and mechanical strength of the CeO2–WO3/TiO2 catalyst was greatly enhanced by the addition of 6% glass fibre. However, the glass fiber contains a small amount of alkali metals, which occupied the active site on the surface of the CeO2–WO3/TiO2 catalysts, thus the catalytic performance of catalyst was inhibited by the addition of glass fibre. Furthermore, BET, XRD, XPS, TPR and TPD methods revealed that the addition of glass fiber can inhibit the formation of catalyst pore structure and reduce the content of Ce3+, adsorbed oxygen and the Brönsted and Lewis acid sites on the catalyst surface, thereby affecting the redox abilities, nitrogen oxides and ammonia adsorption capacity of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the variation of the actual cutting depth during the grinding process, a 3D finite element simulation model for grinding nickel-based superalloy GH4169 with single abrasive was initially constructed. Then, the morphological evolution of the grinding chips during the grinding process was studied. In addition, the effect of the single abrasive cutting depth and the grinding speed on chip morphology and segmentation frequency were investigated. Finally, experimental results with the same test parameters verify the finite element simulation results. The results showed that in the experimental grinding speed range, the sawtooth lamellar chip with the free surface being serrated and the contact surface being smooth due to the extrusion of the abrasive are easy to produce when grinding nickel-based superalloy GH4169. As the grinding speed increases, the chip morphology changes from a unitary lamellar chip to a continuous serrated chip, developing into a continuous ribbon chip. The chip segmentation frequency is mainly determined by grinding depth and grinding speed. To be specific, the smaller the grinding depth and the greater the grinding speed, the greater the chip formation frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical responses of tunnels are time-dependent due to creep deformation of rock masses, which can result in large deformations on tunnel walls over time and influence excavation stability. This study investigates time-dependent deformation behaviors of tunnels excavated in jointed rock masses. The creep deformations of both rock and joints are considered using a creep model for jointed rock masses implemented in a distinct-element method code. Simulations of the time-dependent deformation behavior of tunnels are conducted using two-dimensional plane strain models based on the convergence-confinement analysis method. The weakening of the rock mass in a cross-section in an excavated tunnel due to time-dependent deformation of rock mass is simulated using the internal pressure reduction method. Stand-up times of tunnels excavated in jointed rock masses with different rock mass qualities and unsupported roof spans are simulated. The simulation results agree with field data, which validates the effectiveness of the analysis approach used. The analysis approach provides a useful tool for improving the understanding of time-dependent deformation behavior of tunnels. Highlights: Time-dependent deformation of rock mass near the tunnel face is simulated using a creep model for jointed rock mass implemented in UDEC. The weakening of face-effect due to time-dependent deformation of rock mass can be analyzed using the convergence-confinement and the internal pressure reduction methods. Stand-up times of unsupported tunnels in joined rock masses are simulated. The simulated stand-up times agree with Bieniawski's field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ni-base single crystal superalloy DD5 is commonly employed in critical parts of turbine blades and turbine disks in aeronautical engines. To improve the surface machining quality, single-factor experiments were carried out to investigate the changes of grinding force, surface morphology, and chip morphology under different grinding conditions (dry, conventional flood, minimum quantity lubrication). The experiments showed that the conventional flood lubrication and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) could enormously reduce the surface roughness, grinding force, and work-hardened layer thickness of DD5. At the depth of 5 ~ 15 μm, the DD5 subsurface microhardness decreased sharply with the increase of depth, and the microhardness under different grinding conditions was in the order of dry grinding, conventional flood, and MQL. However, at the depth of 20 ~ 150 μm, the DD5 subsurface microhardness tended to equilibrate and fluctuate around 540 HV. In addition, compared with dry grinding, the degree of chip serration was obvious in flood or MQL environment, and its chip formation frequency fluctuated less and chip formation was stable. Within the experimental parameters, the MQL grinding machining method obtained the lowest surface roughness and the highest surface quality with the lowest associated cost, which is the ideal grinding and cooling lubrication method for the Ni-base single crystal superalloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs have broad exploration and development prospects. Fracture parameters and effectiveness evaluation are two of the key tasks for the evaluation of these types of reservoirs. Array acoustic logging can be used for fracture evaluation to compensate for the deficiencies of the image logging fracture evaluation method. Therefore, to develop acoustic logging evaluation methods as well as nondestructive testing methods for fractures, experiments were conducted to study the shear wave transmission in fractured media. Experiment data demonstrate a good correlation between the shear wave attenuation coefficient and fracture width, and the shear wave attenuation coefficients rise logarithmically with the increase in the fracture width for all models with different porosities and distinct dip angles of fractures. The shear wave attenuation coefficient changes relatively faster with the fracture width when the fracture width is within 250 μm. In addition, the shear wave attenuation is affected by the core porosity and fracture dip angle. When the fracture width is constant, the shear wave attenuation caused by the 0° fracture is relatively larger and is obviously greater than that of the fractures at other angles, which is consistent with the existing experimental results. The results of this study can be used to guide further research on amplitude compensation methods for sonic signal transmission in fractured media and fracture evaluation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides complementary information about targets, and the segmentation of multimodal MRI is widely used as an essential preprocessing step for initial diagnosis, stage differentiation, and post-treatment efficacy evaluation in clinical situations. For the main modality or each of the modalities, it is important to enhance the visual information by modeling the connection and effectively fusing the features among them. However, the existing methods for multimodal segmentation have a drawback; they coincidentally drop information of individual modality during the fusion process. Recently, graph learning-based methods have been applied in segmentation, and these methods have achieved considerable improvements by modeling the relationships across feature regions and reasoning using global information. In this paper, we propose a graph learning-based approach to efficiently extract modality-specific features and establish regional correspondence effectively among all modalities. In detail, after projecting features into a graph domain and employing graph convolution to propagate information across all regions for learning global modality-specific features, we propose a mutual information-based graph co-attention module to learn the weight coefficients of one bipartite graph constructed by the fully connected graphs having different modalities in the graph domain and by selectively fusing the node features. Based on the deformation diagram between the spatial-graph space and our proposed graph co-attention module, we present a multimodal prior-guided segmentation framework, which uses two strategies for two clinical situations: Modality-Specific Learning Strategy and Co-Modality Learning Strategy. Besides, the improved Co-Modality Learning Strategy is used with trainable weights in the multi-task loss for the optimization of the proposed framework. We validated our proposed modules and frameworks on two multimodal MRI datasets: our private liver lesion dataset and a public prostate zone dataset. Our experimental results on both datasets prove the superiority of our proposed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the understanding of time-dependent responses of jointed rock mass, a new creep model is developed and implemented in UDEC to simulate creep deformations of jointed rock mass considering time-dependent deformations of both rock and joints. First, the implementation of the Time-to-Failure (TtoF) model for rock and the creep slipping model for joint is introduced. Then, creep simulations are conducted to study the influence of joint dip and confining stress on the long-term stability of rock masses using square models with a single joint. Time-dependent deformation of a moderately jointed rock mass is simulated using a pillar model with multiple joints. Finally, a case study of a high rock slope in western Norway is conducted and the creep deformation mechanisms of the rock mass are analyzed by comparing two slope models with different joint strength properties. It is found that there is no unstable movement on the potential sliding surfaces of the slope. The proposed creep model of jointed rock mass provides a novel approach to analyze structural failures of jointed rock mass under creep loading conditions. Highlights: A new creep model for modeling time-dependent deformation behavior of jointed rock mass is proposed. Time-dependent deformation of jointed rock mass is largely influenced by confinement and the angles between joint sets as well as the direction of the maximum principal stress. The axial strain rate and the lifetime of moderately jointed pillars are governed largely by the applied stress. There are no significant sliding deformations on the potential sliding surfaces of the Oppstadhornet rock slope from 2003 to 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As airspace congestion becomes more and more serious, it not only affects the efficiency and quality of aviation activities, but also poses a greater safety hazard. For in-depth exploration of the airspace network, a new airspace association network that differs from the traditional aviation approach of organizing the airspace into a network of sectors based on aircraft traffic flow is proposed. By judging the relationship between the size and location of the airspace and other properties, the establishment of an association network provides new ideas for airspace conflict detection and other aerial tasks. The three key factors of airspace use conflict were extracted and quantified, then the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign weights to basic symmetric operators corresponding to three factors to calculate the final airspace correction degree, which reveals the magnitude of correlation degree between the airspace caused by the combined action of the above three factors. Finally, an airspace association network model was established according to the association degree, using basic symmetric operators to explore the general symmetry and network characteristics in real-world airspace association networks, and the feature indices, such as degree, strength, average correlation, clustering coefficient, and structure information entropy of the network, are proposed. The results show that the nodes with higher node degree and node association strength are often key nodes in the network, and the areas with higher average association degree and clustering coefficient are often more prone to airspace conflicts. At the same time, it was also verified that the safety distance between airspace has the greatest impact on the characteristics of the airspace association network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the impact of dark matter (DM) on neutron stars (NSs) that contain antikaon (including K − and K ¯ 0 ) condensations. DM is assumed to be made of nonself annihilating, but strongly or weakly self-interacting fermions. The competition between DM and antikaon condensations makes the gross stellar properties and neutrino emission features of NSs change violently. Results show that the role of antikaon condensations on DM-admixed NSs with weak self-interaction among DM particles is considerable. However, the effect of antikaon condensations with strong self-interaction seems feeble. DM with weak self-interaction favors the occurrence of antikaon condensations in turn, and both K − and K ¯ 0 condensations are allowed in low-mass DM-admixed NSs. With the fixed medium stellar mass, the neutrino emissivity at the core of the DM-admixed NS with antikaon condensations becomes much lower than that in normal NS matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hoek–Brown failure criterion has developed into the most widely used system for estimating rock mass strength in rock engineering. The reason lies in its unique framework for integrating the strength properties of intact rock and geological observations in the field. While the determination of intact rock properties from laboratory tests is relatively straightforward, quantifying the relevant geological characteristics remains challenging. Strength degradation relations play a central role in the Hoek–Brown failure criterion by downgrading the strength properties of intact rock, based on quantitative measures of rock mass quality and disturbance, to estimate the strength properties of the rock mass. In this independent review, the origin and evolution of the Hoek–Brown failure criterion and the associated strength degradation relations and rock mass characterization methods are discussed. Common methods for estimating rock mass cohesion, friction angle and deformation modulus are presented. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the reliability of estimated rock mass properties is investigated. Understanding the basis and development of the Hoek–Brown failure criterion is essential for proper use of the system within its limits of applicability and with realistic expectations of reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymptotic expansion based homogenization has been widely used to predict the effective macroscopic properties of periodic unit cells (PUCs). In this work, we show that the homogenization process can be done in a much more elegant manner for both continuum and discrete PUCs by taking advantage of the Cauchy–Born's hypothesis, which is a widely used rule in the area of solid physics to relate the position of the atoms in a crystal lattice and the overall strain of the medium. It is shown that in the proposed method, the derivation process of the effective elasticity tensor is quite easy and can rely entirely on commercial CAE software (e.g., ANSYS, ABAQUS, etc.) to accomplish the homogenization task. In detail, after the discretization of the unit cell with finite elements, one only needs to apply affine boundary conditions at the exterior boundaries of the unit cell and then call the FEA solver to find the static displacement field under such affine boundary conditions. The entries of the elasticity tensor can then be expressed using the stain energy of the unit cell. After deriving the sensitivity information of the Cauchy–Born hypothesis based homogenization process, the inverse homogenization process, which attempts to find the optimal layout exhibiting pre-determined desirable material properties, can be implemented in a straightforward way as well. Some numerical examples are tested and compared with the results in the literature. It is showed that the results of both the homogenization and inverse homogenization examples obtained by our method agree very well with the ones in the literature, demonstrating the validity of the Cauchy–Born hypothesis based numerical homogenization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective Catalytic Reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) is the dominant denitration technology for the treatment of nitrogen oxides produced by thermal power plants. Denitration catalysts are the core of the NH3‐SCR system, which can be fabricated into shaped forms to obtain necessary mechanical strength for industrial applications. Specifically, the monolithic catalysts are widely used due to its unique structural properties and high conversion rate. Therefore, this review critically summarized the development of the monolithic catalysts forming, and characterized the influence of the different carriers, the various additives and different reaction conditions of forming process for NH3‐SCR. The purpose of this review is to highlight: (1) the Support effect of the different carriers; (2) the influence of mechanical properties of the various forming additives for the monolithic catalysts; and (3) the physicochemical properties of the monolithic catalysts under the different process conditions and illustrate their relations to catalytic performances. Finally, we hope that this work can give timely technical guidance and valuable insights for the applications of the NH3‐SCR in the field of NOx control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Os acromiale can be potentially missed or misdiagnosed as acromion fracture, and this can affect treatment determination if it is complicated with an ipsilateral shoulder injury. The clavicle hook plate is a widely used technique for distal clavicle injuries, leading to transacromial erosion, particularly when in the presence of os acromiale.Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man and a 78-year-old man who had limited mobility and severe pain in their right shoulders following falls attended the emergency center. Both patients were diagnosed with os acromiale with CT or MRI and acute distal clavicle fracture or acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Following a comprehensive evaluation, os acromiale may limit the application of a clavicle hook plate due to potential transacromial erosion. The distal clavicle fracture with ipsilateral os acromiale received treatment with a volar radius locking T plate, and the acromioclavicular joint dislocation with ipsilateral os acromiale was reconstructed using suture anchors. Both yielded satisfactory outcomes and voided transacromial erosion.Conclusions: Ipsilateral os acromiale may be a relative contraindication to the clavicle hook plate. An axillary lateral radiograph is recommended to detect potential os acromiale in patients using a hook plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of solvothermal synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) Zn–Dy Schiff base coordination polymers, 25% of tetraoxolene anions (X2tetraox2−) underwent a one-electron reduction in situ reaction to form X2tetraox3˙− radical anions, which was confirmed by using the νCO vibration Raman spectra. Both the X2tetraox2− anion and the X2tetraox3˙− radical anion act as bridging ligands to connect two Zn–Dy Schiff base structural units, [DyZn(LSchiff)(NO3)(MeOH)]2+ (H2LSchiff = N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane) and [DyZn(LSchiff)(MeOH)2]3+, and finally assemble into two ionic zigzag chain-like coordination polymers, [Dy2Zn2(LSchiff)2(X2tetraox2−)1.5(X2tetraox3˙−)0.5(NO3)(MeOH)3](ClO4)0.5·2MeOH [1: X = Cl and 2: X = Br]. The two 1D Zn–Dy heterometallic coordination polymers exhibit the properties of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and exhibit two-step magnetic relaxation behaviors under a dc field of 1500 Oe. Their effective energy barriers are adjusted by halogenated groups on the bridging ligands X2tetraox2− and X2tetraox3˙−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the classification and evolution of key technologies in the transportation field, the data of 36 authoritative SCI journals in the transportation field were collected from the Web of Science core collection database from 2001 to 2020. Based on the bibliometric method, this study used Python to process and visualize data, combined with bibliometric software VOSviewer to assist data visualization. Firstly, a preprocessing data algorithm was designed to deduplicate the collected data, merge synonyms, and extract key technologies. Then the paper records that contained the key technology lexicon were filtered out. Next, the annual number of publications and the distribution of key technologies over time were counted. The least squares method was used to fit the distribution of the annual proportion of the publications, and the slope k1 of the fitted linear regression equation was used to determine the research interest trend of key technologies. The key technologies were divided into "hot technology," "cold technology," and "other technologies," according to the research heat trend. In order to further explore the research hotspots, the least squares method was also used to fit the citations of all technologies to obtain the slope k2. We use the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) algorithm to cluster k1 and k2 of each technology. As a result, the 144 technologies were divided into 13 super-key technologies, 60 key technologies, 59 relative key technologies, and 12 lower-key technologies. Then, the evolution of key technologies was analyzed from two perspectives of weighted evolution and cumulative evolution. And the technology evolution trend in the transportation field in the past 20 years was explored. Finally, the cooccurrence clustering method was adopted to divide key transportation technologies into five categories: vehicle technology and control, optimization algorithms and simulation techniques, artificial intelligence and big data, Internet of Things and computing, and communication technology. The research results can provide references for different people in the transportation field, including but not limited to researchers, journal editors, and funding agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (DOP) need to be dehydrated and concentrated after extraction for further application. They are usually concentrated by thermal evaporation which consumes great energy. However, high viscosity of DOP makes the concentration more difficult even using non‐thermal membrane technologies such as nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO). In this study, effects of process conditions, such as membrane orientations, draw solutions and their concentrations, and flowrate on forward osmosis (FO) concentration of viscous DOP were studied. Active layer to feed solution mode, cross flowrate at 240 mL min−1, and draw solution of 3 m NaCl have been found as the optimal conditions. Foulants on the membrane surface with loose structure could be easily cleaned and removed by hydraulic flushing. DOP concentrated by FO achieved almost 1.3 times at the same time compared with that in NF and RO. DOP could be further concentrated for 1.5 folds at longtime without significant decrease in water flux. In addition, slight reverse solutes in FO process could reduce the viscosity of high viscous DOP, which was good for concentration. Accordingly, FO is a potential technology for concentration of high viscous polysaccharides such as DOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for predicting prognosis of patients who undergo partial hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HHCC, diameter ≥10 cm) is currently lacking. This study aimed to establish two online nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for patients undergoing resection for HHCC. The clinicopathologic characteristics and follow-up information of patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HHCC at two medical centers were reviewed. Using a training cohort, a Cox model was used to identify the predictors of survival. Two dynamic nomograms for OS and DFS were developed and validated based on the data. Eight and nine independent factors derived from the multivariate analysis of the training cohort were screened and incorporated into the nomograms for OS and DFS, respectively. In the training cohort, the nomogram achieved concordance indices (C-indices) of 0.745 and 0.738 in predicting the OS and DFS, respectively. These results were supported by external validation (C-indices: 0.822 for OS and 0.827 for DFS). Further, the calibration curves of the endpoints showed a favorable agreement between the nomograms' assessments and actual observations. The two web-based nomograms demonstrated optimal predictive performance for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HHCC. This provides a practical method for a personalized prognosis based on an individual's underlying risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]