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The photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting properties can be enhanced by broadening the light absorption region and improving the separation of photogenerated carriers. In this paper, a novel ZnO/In2S3/Co–Pi ternary composite photoanode system is provided, by building the ZnO/In2S3 heterojunction to broaden the light absorption region and improve the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in bulk, and by using the Co–Pi cocatalyst to increase the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs between the ZnO/In2S3 heterojunction surface and electrolyte. This ternary composite photoanode system exhibits a negative shifted onset potential and a higher photocurrent density of about 2.4 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), which is 3 and 2.18 times compared with bare ZnO nanorod and ZnO/In2S3 heterojunction, respectively. The results show that the ZnO/In2S3/Co–Pi ternary composite photoanode has an excellent potential application for PEC water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles were successfully decorated on an ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheet photocatalysts by in situ chemical deposition. The built‐in electric field formed by heterojunction interface of the CoP/g‐C3N4 composite semiconductor can accelerate the transmission and separation of photogenerated charge‐hole pairs and effectively improve the photocatalytic performance. TEM, HRTEM, XPS, and SPV analysis showed that CoP/g‐C3N4 formed a stable heterogeneous interface and effectively enhanced photogenerated electron‐hole separation. UV‐vis DRS analysis showed that the composite had enhanced visible light absorption than pure g‐C3N4 and was a visible light driven photocatalyst. In this process, NaH2PO2 and CoCl2 are used as the source of P and Co, and typical preparation of CoP can be completed within 3 hours. Under visible light irradiation, the optimal H2 evolution rate of 3.0 mol% CoP/g‐C3N4 is about 15.1 μmol h−1. The photocatalytic activity and stability of the CoP/g‐C3N4 materials were evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of water. The intrinsic relationship between the microstructure of the composite catalyst and the photocatalytic performance was analyzed to reveal the photocatalytic reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to explore new preparation methods and control the morphology and proportion of metal ions for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting of ternary sulfide photoelectrode. In this paper, the network-like CuInS2 film photocathodes were firstly prepared by hydrothermal growth method. The effects of different [Cu2+]/[In3+] molar ratios and concentrations of growth solution on CuInS2 films were investigated in detail. The mechanism of the synthetic reaction was studied. The best PEC photocurrent density of the CuInS2 film photoelectrode is − 0.81 mA/cm2 at − 0.6 V versus RHE when the [Cu2+]/[In3+] molar ratio is 0.4, the growth solution concentration is 8 mmol/L CuCl2·2H2O, 20 mmol/L InCl3·4H2O and 60 mmol/L C2H5NS. For the purpose of further improving photoelectrochemical properties of CuInS2 thin films, the Pt co-catalyst was loaded. The synthesized CuInS2-Pt thin film yielded a photocurrent density for − 1.92 mA/cm2 at − 0.6 V versus RHE due to the fast photogenerated electrons capture ability of Pt co-catalyst. The method of constructing photoelectrode film and the co-catalyst mechanism contributes to a sensational way for PEC water splitting of sulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel CaBi6O10 films were prepared via a simple dip-coating method and applied as a photoanode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for the first time. Herein, the detailed growth mechanism of CaBi6O10 has been discussed. The optical absorption of CaBi6O10 was also investigated, and the results indicated that its ideal band-gap energy (∼2.3 eV) causes it to respond to visible light. Additionally, the morphology and thickness of the films were characterized in detail. PEC measurements showed that this CaBi6O10 photoanode exhibits high photoelectrochemical activity based on the optimal pH value of the precursor solution and thickness of the film; its photocurrent density is as high as 0.39 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under simulated sunlight. Moreover, the CaBi6O10 photoelectrode displays a very stable photoelectric property under illumination. The excellent PEC performance is attributed to the excellent light absorbance, broad photoresponse range, and efficient photogenerated electron–hole pair separation of CaBi6O10. These results demonstrate that CaBi6O10 is a promising photoanode for solar water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The precision reflecting repeated measurement error of quantitative parameters of flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) for evaluating the therapeutic effect of solid tumor can help observe whether a real biologic change in glucose metabolism occurred, or if the change was caused by errors before and after the treatment., Methods: A total of 18 VX2 tumor-bearing male New Zealand rabbits confirmed by pathology were used, three of which were used for determining the best scanning time point after injection and 15 for a precision experiment by repeating PET/CT scans for three consecutive days. The PET volume computer-assisted reading (PET VCAR) software (GE Healthcare) was used to analyze the standardized uptake value (SUV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) parameters. The lean body mass (LBM) to calculate the SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) parameters was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The precision was represented as the coefficient of variation of root mean square (RMS-CV) and standard deviation of root mean square (RMS-SD). The least significant change (LSC) was also calculated when considering precision., Results: The precision of SUV parameters, including SUV max , SUV mean and SUV peak ranged from 18.3% to 18.8%, which was similar to that of the SUL parameters (18.0-18.4%). Using 80% confidence interval (CI), the LSC of SUV max and SUL peak were 33.1% and 33.3%, respectively; using 95% CI, the LSC of SUV max and SUL peak were 50.1% and 51.0%, respectively., Conclusions: This research established the method of precision in a rabbit VX2 tumor model, which can be used for monitoring changes to assess the effects of drug treatment on solid tumors in experimental studies with 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-22-1079/coif). All authors report that this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81871383), Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. A2018135), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 21617311) and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 201804010440). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)

As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family, PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine (cAMP) and guanosine monophosphates (cGMP). While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders. Indeed, inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia-of which the striatum constitutes the largest component. A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A, as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate, thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel 18 F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand, codenamed [ 18 F]P10A-1910 ([ 18 F] 9 ), in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination. [ 18 F] 9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity (IC 50  = 2.1 nmol/L) and selectivity towards PDE10A. Further, [ 18 F] 9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity (log D  = 3.50) and brain permeability ( P app  > 10 × 10 -6  cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells). PET imaging studies of [ 18 F] 9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics. Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of [ 18 F] 9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET, [ 18 F]MNI659. Further, dose-response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of [ 18 F] 9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species. In conclusion, our results indicated that [ 18 F] 9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation., (© 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)