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Anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) composed of an adhesive polymer resin and fine conductive particles such as metal-coated polymer conductive particles are interconnect materials for fine-pitch flex-on-flex (FOF) assembly technologies due to their fine-pitch handling capability, low-temperature bonding, and stable electrical properties due to the compliance of polymer conductive particles. For the ultrafine pitch FOF assembly, the polymer conductive particle content becomes more important due to electrical storage problem between electrodes. To design better quality ACFs materials for 50- \mu \textm FOF assemblies, the effects of polymer conductive particle contents on the electrical stability and reliability of FOF ACFs joints were investigated. It was found that the bonding temperature should be less than the deformation temperature of polymer conductive particles, and proper conductive particles content should be applied to obtain the stable joint contact resistance and ACF joint morphology. When the conductive particle contents increased more than 4wt%, the gap width between the top and bottom electrodes increased and the deformation of conductive particles became less, resulting in higher contact resistance. Therefore, 4wt% of conductive particle ACFs bonded at 175 °C, 2 MPa for 10 s showed the lowest contact resistance of 36.2 \textm\Omega and excellent thermal cycle (T/C) reliability up to 1000 cycles. As a result, the optimum polymer conductive particles contents and the bonding conditions such as temperature, pressure, and times were achieved to obtain the best performance and T/C reliability of 50- \mu \textm pitch FOF assembly using ACFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy resin, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, water resistance, and high-temperature resistance, is extensively utilized in construction and water-related projects. Within water conservancy projects, natural factors such as water impact and weathering often result in cracks within rock formations. Consequently, the application of epoxy resin materials for repair and reinforcement has emerged as a common solution. This research investigates the impact of five epoxy grouting materials, YDS (100:6.4), RH-1 (6.1:1), PSI (9:1), TK (100:8), and HK-G (5:1), on the repair and reinforcement of faulted rock at the Yebatan Hydropower Station. Penetration experiments were conducted on rock samples, and the strength of the epoxy grout samples was tested under ambient conditions of 20 °C, 15 °C, and 0 °C. The experimental results indicate that all five epoxy grout materials successfully penetrated the faulted rock samples. Among them, the PSI (9:1) epoxy grouting material exhibited the most exceptional reinforcing effect across different temperatures, with grouting samples demonstrating strengths in the range of 20 to 25 MPa. This paper confirms that epoxy resin effectively repairs and reinforces rock structures, thereby enhancing the safety and durability of water conservancy projects.