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In view of the low calculation accuracy of physical analytical model of harmonic loss,a support vector regression (SVR) model based on crisscross optimization (CSO) algorithm is proposed to evaluate the harmonic loss of overhead lines. Firstly,the SVR model designed to minimize structural risk is used to fit the relationship between line characteristics and harmonic losses. Then,the SVR hyperparameters are globally searched by the CSO algorithm. The optimal hyperparameter group is obtained by dynamic optimization,and the CSO-SVR harmonic loss evaluation model is established. Based on a large power quality test platform,the harmonic test of low voltage overhead lines is carried out. And the proposed model is verified by the measured data of this test. The results show that using CSO algorithm to optimize hyperparameters of SVR can effectively improve the line loss evaluation performance of SVR model. Compared with other models,the proposed model presents higher accuracy.

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has had a substantial impact on the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), the leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Despite treatment, many patients with nAMD still develop severe and irreversible visual impairment because of the development of subretinal fibrosis. We recently reported the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects of inhibiting the gene encoding adenosine receptor 2A (Adora2a), which has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. Here, using two mouse models of subretinal fibrosis (mice with laser injury–induced CNV or mice with a deficiency in the very low–density lipoprotein receptor), we found that deletion of Adora2a either globally or specifically in endothelial cells reduced subretinal fibrosis independently of angiogenesis. We showed that Adora2a-dependent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributed to the development of subretinal fibrosis in mice with laser injury–induced CNV. Deficiency of Adora2a in cultured mouse and human choroidal endothelial cells suppressed induction of the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A metabolomics analysis of cultured human choroidal endothelial cells showed that ADORA2A knockdown with an siRNA reversed the increase in succinate because of decreased succinate dehydrogenase B expression under fibrotic conditions. Pharmacological inhibition of ADORA2A with a small-molecule KW6002 in both mouse models recapitulated the reduction in subretinal fibrosis observed in mice with genetic deletion of Adora2a. ADORA2A inhibition may be a therapeutic approach to treat subretinal fibrosis associated with nAMD. Editor's summary: Retinal fibrosis reversal age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is driven by neovascularization and is associated with subretinal fibrosis. Working in mice with genetically induced AMD or with a laser-induced retinal injury, Yang et al. show that deleting the gene encoding adenosine receptor 2A (Adora2a) prevented subretinal fibrosis in both mouse models. Specifically, deleting Adora2a in endothelial cells was sufficient to reverse subretinal fibrosis by preventing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In human choroidal endothelial cells, the authors showed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition was associated with succinate accumulation due to decreased succinate dehydrogenase subunit B expression. Treatment with an ADORA2A antagonist reversed subretinal fibrosis in both mouse models, suggesting that targeting ADORA2A in endothelial cells could be a therapeutic strategy to treat AMD. —Brandon Berry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that fungicides have insecticidal activity that can potentially be used as an insecticide resistance management strategy in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). However, the mechanism that induces mortality of N. lugens remains elusive. RESULTS: In the present study, the insecticidal activities of 14 fungicides against N. lugens were determined, of which tebuconazole had the highest insecticidal activity compared with the other fungicides. Furthermore, tebuconazole significantly inhibited the expression of the chitin synthase gene NlCHS1; the chitinase genes NlCht1, NlCht5, NlCht7, NlCht9, and NlCht10; and the β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase genes NlHex3, NlHex4, NlHex5 and NlHex6; it significantly suppressed the expression of ecdysteroid biosynthetic genes as well, including SDR, CYP307A2, CYP307B1, CYP306A2, CYP302A1, CYP315A1 and CYP314A1 of N. lugens. Additionally, tebuconazole affected the diversity, structure, composition, and function of the symbiotic fungi of N. lugens, as well as the relative abundance of saprophytes and pathogens, suggesting that tebuconazole reshapes the diversity and function of symbiotic fungi of N. lugens. CONCLUSION: Our findings illustrate the insecticidal mechanism of tebuconazole, possibly by inhibiting normal molting or disrupting microbial homeostasis in N. lugens, and provide an important rationale for developing novel insect management strategies to delay escalating insecticide resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]