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11,128 results on '"Cai Z."'

1. Efficient generation of divergent and collimated hot electrons via a novel multi-beam two-plasmon decay and stimulated Raman scattering mechanism

Author

Meng, K. Y., Cai, Z. H., Li, J., Yao, C., Hao, L., Zhou, F. X., Yan, R., and Zheng, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions, the preheating risks associated with hot electrons generated by laser plasma instabilities (LPI) are contingent upon the angular characteristics of these hot electrons for a given total energy. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we reveal a novel multi-beam collaborative mechanism of two-plasmon decay (TPD) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and investigate the angular variations of hot electrons generated from this shared TPD-SRS (STS) instability driven collectively by dual laser beams with varying incident angles $\theta_{in}$ ($24^\circ$ to $55^\circ$ at the incident plane) for typical ICF conditions. In the simulations with $\theta_{in}\gtrsim44^\circ$, STS emerges as the dominant mechanism responsible for hot electron generation, leading to a wide angular distribution of hot electrons that exhibit both pronounced divergent and collimated components. The common Langmuir wave associated with STS plays a crucial role in accelerating both components.By properly modeling the STS common wave gains, we establish scaling relations between these gains and the energies of collimated and divergent hot electrons. These relations reveal that the divergent hot electrons are more sensitive to variations in gain compared to the collimated electrons. Additionally, the calculated gains qualitatively predict the asymmetry in hot electron angular distributions when the density gradients deviate from the bisector of the laser beams. Our findings offers insights for hot electron generation with multiple beams, potentially complementing previous experiments that underscore the critical role of overlapped intensity from symmetric beams within the same cone and the dominance of dual-beam coupling.

Published
2024

2. Extragalactic fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a Type Ic-BL supernova

Author

Sun, H., Li, W. -X., Liu, L. -D., Gao, H., Wang, X. -F., Yuan, W., Zhang, B., Filippenko, A. V., Xu, D., An, T., Ai, S., Brink, T. G., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. -Q., Wang, C. -Y., Wu, Q. -Y., Wu, X. -F., Yang, Y., Zhang, B. -B., Zheng, W. -K., Ahumada, T., Dai, Z. -G., Delaunay, J., Elias-Rosa, N., Benetti, S., Fu, S. -Y., Howell, D. A., Huang, Y. -F., Kasliwal, M. M., Karambelkar, V., Stein, R., Lei, W. -H., Lian, T. -Y., Peng, Z. -K., Ridnaia, A. V., Svinkin, D. S., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, A. -L., Wei, D. -M., An, J., Andrews, M., Bai, J. -M, Dai, C. -Y., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Fan, Z., Farah, J., Feng, H. -C., Fynbo, J. P. U., Guo, W. -J., Guo, Z., Hu, M. -K., Hu, J. -W., Jiang, S. -Q., Jin, J. -J., Li, A., Li, J. -D., Li, R. -Z., Liang, Y. -F., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, X., Mao, J. -R., McCully, C., Mirzaqulov, D., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pan, X., Terreran, G., Tinyanont, S., Wang, B. -T., Wang, L. -Z., Wen, X. -D., Xiang, D. -F., Xue, S. -J., Yang, J., Zhu, Z. -P., Cai, Z. -M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -Q., Cordier, B., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Fan, D. -W., Feng, H., Guan, J., Han, D. -W., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Kuulkers, E., Li, C. -K., Li, D. -Y., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Liu, C. -Z, Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Lu, F. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, J., Mao, X., Nandra, K., O'Brien, P., Pan, H. -W., Rau, A., Rea, N., Sanders, J., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Xiong, D. -R., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., and Zhu, Z. -C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Massive stars end their life as core-collapse supernovae, amongst which some extremes are Type Ic broad-lined supernovae associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) having powerful relativistic jets. Their less-extreme brethren make unsuccessful jets that are choked inside the stars, appearing as X-ray flashes or low-luminosity GRBs. On the other hand, there exists a population of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) with timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of seconds, whose origins remain obscure. Known sources that contribute to the observed EFXT population include the softer analogs of LGRBs, shock breakouts of supernovae, or unsuccessful jets. Here, we report the discovery of the bright X-ray transient EP240414a detected by the Einstein Probe (EP), which is associated with the Type Ic supernova SN 2024gsa at a redshift of 0.401. The X-ray emission evolution is characterised by a very soft energy spectrum peaking at < 1.3 keV, which makes it distinct from known LGRBs, X-ray flashes, or low-luminosity GRBs. Follow-up observations at optical and radio bands revealed the existence of a weak relativistic jet that interacts with an extended shell surrounding the progenitor star. Located on the outskirts of a massive galaxy, this event reveals a new population of explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars characterised by a less powerful engine that drives a successful but weak jet, possibly owing to a progenitor star with a smaller core angular momentum than in traditional LGRB progenitors., Comment: 43 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted. Comments are welcome

Published
2024

3. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Adame, AG, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, S, Aldering, G, Alexander, DM, Alfarsy, R, Prieto, C Allende, Alvarez, M, Alves, O, Anand, A, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Avila, S, Aviles, A, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Bautista, J, Behera, J, Beltran, SF, BenZvi, S, Silva, L Beraldo E, Bermejo-Climent, JR, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, F, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blum, R, Bolton, AS, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brown, Z, Buckley-Geer, E, Burtin, E, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Cardiel-Sas, L, Rosell, A Carnero, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chuang, C, Claybaugh, T, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, de Belsunce, R, de la Cruz, R, de la Macorra, A, Della Costa, J, de Mattia, A, Demina, R, Demirbozan, U, DeRose, J, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, J, Ding, Z, Doel, P, Doshi, R, Douglass, K, Edge, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Elliott, A, Ereza, J, Escoffier, S, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Romero, JE, Forero-Sánchez, D, Frenk, CS, Gänsicke, BT, García, LÁ, García-Bellido, J, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, LH, Gil-Marín, H, Golden-Marx, J, and Gontcho, S Gontcho A

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.

Published
2024

4. Tracing the evolution of the cool gas in CGM and IGM environments through Mg II absorption from redshift z=0.75 to z=1.65 using DESI-Y1 data

Author

Wu, X., Cai, Z., Lan, T. -W., Zou, S., Anand, A., Dey, Biprateep, Li, Z., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Ferraro, S., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Honscheid, K., Juneau, S., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Lambert, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Manera, M., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Newman, J. A., Prada, F., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Siudek, M., Sprayberry, D., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A., and Zou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present a measurement of the mean absorption of cool gas traced by Mg II (${\lambda\lambda 2796, 2803}$) around emission line galaxies (ELGs), spanning spatial scales from 20 kpc to 10 Mpc. The measurement is based on cross-matching the positions of about 2.5 million ELGs at $z = 0.75-1.65$ and the metal absorption in the spectra of 1.4 million background quasars with data provided by the Year 1 sample of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The ELGs are divided into two redshift intervals: $0.75 < z < 1.0$ and $1.0 < z < 1.65$. We find that the composite spectra constructed by stacking the ELG-QSO pairs show evolution with redshift, with $z>1$ having a systematically higher signal of Mg II absorption. Within 1 Mpc, the covering fraction of the cool gas at $z > 1$ is higher than that of $z < 1$. The enhancement becomes less apparent especially if the projected distance $r_{p}>$1 Mpc. Also, ELGs with higher stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) yield higher clustering of Mg II absorbers at $z<1$. For $z>1$, the covering fractions with different SFRs show little difference. The higher Mg II absorption at higher redshift also supports the observations of higher star formation at cosmic noon. Besides, the profile of Mg II absorption reveals a change of slope on scales of about 1 Mpc, consistent with the expected transition from a dark matter halo-dominated environment to a regime where clustering is dominated by halo-halo correlations. We estimate the cool gas density profile and derive the metal abundance at different redshifts. The growth of metal abundance suggests an increased presence of cool gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM) towards higher redshifts.

Published
2024

5. Extending the Takagi-Taupin equations for x-ray nanobeam Bragg coherent diffraction

Author

Zhou, T., Cherukara, M. J., Kandel, S., Allain, M., Hua, N., Shpyrko, O., Takamura, Y., Cai, Z., Hruszkewycz, S. O., and Holt, M. V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present a new approach for simulating x-ray nanobeam Bragg coherent diffraction patterns based on the Takagi-Taupin equations. Compared to conventional methods, the current approach can be universally applied to any weakly strained system including semi-infinite crystals that diffract dynamically. It addresses issues such as the curved wavefront and re-divergence of the focused incident beam. We show excellent agreement against experimental data on a strained La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin film on SrTiO3 substrate, and a path to extracting physical information using automatic differentiation.

Published
2024

7. Soft X-ray prompt emission from a high-redshift gamma-ray burst EP240315a

Author

Liu, Y., Sun, H., Xu, D., Svinkin, D. S., Delaunay, J., Tanvir, N. R., Gao, H., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Wu, X. -F., Zhang, B., Yuan, W., An, J., Bruni, G., Frederiks, D. D., Ghirlanda, G., Hu, J. -W., Li, A., Li, C. -K., Li, J. -D., Malesani, D. B., Piro, L., Raman, G., Ricci, R., Troja, E., Vergani, S. D., Wu, Q. -Y., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Zhu, Z. -P., Postigo, A. de Ugarte, Demin, A. G., Dobie, D., Fan, Z., Fu, S. -Y., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geng, J. -J., Gianfagna, G., Hu, Y. -D., Huang, Y. -F., Jiang, S. -Q., Jonker, P. G., Julakanti, Y., Kennea, J. A., Kokomov, A. A., Kuulkers, E., Lei, W. -H., Leung, J. K., Levan, A. J., Li, D. -Y., Li, Y., Littlefair, S. P., Liu, X., Lysenko, A. L., Ma, Y. -N., Martin-Carrillo, A., O'Brien, P., Parsotan, T., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ridnaia, A. V., Ronchini, S., Rossi, A., Mata-Sanchez, D., Schneider, B., Shen, R. -F., Thakur, A. L., Tohuvavohu, A., Torres, M. A. P., Tsvetkova, A. E., Ulanov, M. V., Wei, J. -J., Xiao, D., Yin, Y. -H. I., Bai, M., Burwitz, V., Cai, Z. -M., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. -Q., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Dai, Z. -G., Eder, J., Fan, D. -W., Feldman, C., Feng, H., Feng, Z., Friedrich, P., Gao, X., Guan, J., Han, D. -W, Han, J., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Hu, T., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Hutchinson, I., Ji, Z., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Jin, J. -J., Keereman, A., Lerman, H., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Lian, T. -Y., Liang, E. -W., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, C. -Z., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Liu, Y. -R., Lu, F. -J., LU, H. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, F. L., Ma, J., Mao, J. -R., Mao, X., McHugh, M., Meidinger, N., Nandra, K., Osborne, J. P., Pan, H. -W., Pan, X., Ravasio, M. E., Rau, A., Rea, N., Rehman, U., Sanders, J., Santovincenzo, A., Song, L. -M., Su, J., Sun, L. -J., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Tong, J. -Z., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, X. -F., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Wei, D. -M., Willingale, R., Xiong, S. -L., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, F., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J, Yu, Y. -W., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, L. -X., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., Zhu, Z. -C., and Zuo, X. -X.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from core collapse of massive stars. High-redshift GRBs can probe the star formation and reionization history of the early universe, but their detection remains rare. Here we report the detection of a GRB triggered in the 0.5--4 keV band by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, designated as EP240315a, whose bright peak was also detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and Konus-Wind through off-line analyses. At a redshift of $z=4.859$, EP240315a showed a much longer and more complicated light curve in the soft X-ray band than in gamma-rays. Benefiting from a large field-of-view ($\sim$3600 deg$^2$) and a high sensitivity, EP-WXT captured the earlier engine activation and extended late engine activity through a continuous detection. With a peak X-ray flux at the faint end of previously known high-$z$ GRBs, the detection of EP240315a demonstrates the great potential for EP to study the early universe via GRBs., Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables

Published
2024

8. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Adame, AG, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, S, Aldering, G, Alexander, DM, Alfarsy, R, Prieto, C Allende, Alvarez, M, Alves, O, Anand, A, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Avila, S, Aviles, A, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Bautista, J, Behera, J, Beltran, SF, BenZvi, S, Silva, L Beraldo E, Bermejo-Climent, JR, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, F, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blum, R, Bolton, AS, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brown, Z, Buckley-Geer, E, Burtin, E, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Cardiel-Sas, L, Rosell, A Carnero, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chuang, C, Claybaugh, T, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, de Belsunce, R, de la Cruz, R, de la Macorra, A, de Mattia, A, Demina, R, Demirbozan, U, DeRose, J, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, J, Ding, Z, Doel, P, Doshi, R, Douglass, K, Edge, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Elliott, A, Escoffier, S, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Ereza, J, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Sánchez, D, Forero-Romero, JE, Frenk, CS, Gänsicke, BT, García, LÁ, García-Bellido, J, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, LH, Gil-Marín, H, Golden-Marx, J, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, and Gonzalez-Morales, AX

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg2 over 5 yr to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a 5 month survey validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar Milky Way Survey (MWS), Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the 5 yr program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a One-Percent Survey conducted at the conclusion of SV covering 140 deg2 using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The SV indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg2 program with spectroscopically confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval z < 1.1, 0.39% over the redshift interval 1.1 < z < 1.9, and 0.46% over the redshift interval 1.9 < z < 3.5.

Published
2024

11. Magnetar emergence in a peculiar gamma-ray burst from a compact star merger

Author

Sun, H., Wang, C. -W., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Xiong, S. -L., Yin, Y. -H. I., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xue, W. -C., Yan, Z., Zhang, C., Tan, W. -J., Pan, H. -W., Liu, J. -C., Cheng, H. -Q., Zhang, Y. -Q., Hu, J. -W., Zheng, C., An, Z. -H., Cai, C., Cai, Z. -M., Hu, L., Jin, C., Li, D. -Y., Li, X. -Q., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, M., Peng, W. -X., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Wang, X. -L., Wen, X. -Y., Xiao, S., Yi, S. -X., Zhang, F., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, X. -F., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, D. -H., Zheng, S. -J., Ling, Z. -X., Zhang, S. -N., Yuan, W., and Zhang, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars. Indirect indications of a magnetar engine in these merger sources have been observed in the form of plateau features present in the X-ray afterglow light curves of some short GRBs. Additionally, some X-ray transients lacking gamma-ray bursts (GRB-less) have been identified as potential magnetar candidates originating from compact star mergers. Nevertheless, smoking gun evidence is still lacking for a magnetar engine in short GRBs, and the associated theoretical challenges have been raised. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the broad-band prompt emission data of a peculiar, very bright GRB 230307A. Despite its apparently long duration, the prompt emission and host galaxy properties are consistent with a compact star merger origin, as suggested by its association with a kilonova. Intriguingly, an extended X-ray emission component shows up as the $\gamma$-ray emission dies out, signifying the likely emergence of a magnetar central engine. We also identify an achromatic temporal break in the high-energy band during the prompt emission phase, which was never observed in previous bursts and reveals a narrow jet with half opening angle of approximately $\sim 3.4^\circ (R_{GRB}/10^{15}~{cm})^{-1/2}$, where $R_{GRB}$ is the GRB prompt emission radius., Comment: 54 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in National Science Review

Published
2023

12. Pipeline quantum processor architecture for silicon spin qubits

Author

Patomäki, S. M., Gonzalez-Zalba, M. F., Fogarty, M. A., Cai, Z., Benjamin, S. C., and Morton, J. J. L.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices seek to achieve quantum advantage over classical systems without the use of full quantum error correction. We propose a NISQ processor architecture using a qubit `pipeline' in which all run-time control is applied globally, reducing the required number and complexity of control and interconnect resources. This is achieved by progressing qubit states through a layered physical array of structures which realise single and two-qubit gates. Such an approach lends itself to NISQ applications such as variational quantum eigensolvers which require numerous repetitions of the same calculation, or small variations thereof. In exchange for simplifying run-time control, a larger number of physical structures is required for shuttling the qubits as the circuit depth now corresponds to an array of physical structures. However, qubit states can be `pipelined' densely through the arrays for repeated runs to make more efficient use of physical resources. We describe how the qubit pipeline can be implemented in a silicon spin-qubit platform, to which it is well suited to due to the high qubit density and scalability. In this implementation, we describe the physical realisation of single and two qubit gates which represent a universal gate set that can achieve fidelities of $\mathcal{F} \geq 0.9999$, even under typical qubit frequency variations., Comment: 21 pages (13 for main + 8 for supplement), 9 figures (4 for main + 5 for supplement)

Published
2023

13. The Lyman-$\alpha$ forest catalog from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release

Author

Ramírez-Pérez, César, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Karim, M. Abdul, Armengaud, E., Bautista, J., Beltran, S. F., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Cuceu, A., de la Cruz, R., García-Bellido, J., Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gordon, C., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Karaçaylı, N. G., Lukić, Zarija, Manser, C. J., Montero-Camacho, P., Napolitano, L., Niz, G., Pieri, M., Ravoux, C., Sinigaglia, F., Tan, T., Walther, M., Wang, B., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bailey, S., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., Dhungana, G., Doel, P., Fanning, K., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Guy, J., Honscheid, K., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Magneville, C., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Nie, J., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Seo, H., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A., Yèche, C., and Zhou, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present and validate the catalog of Lyman-$\alpha$ forest fluctuations for 3D analyses using the Early Data Release (EDR) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We used 88,511 quasars collected from DESI Survey Validation (SV) data and the first two months of the main survey (M2). We present several improvements to the method used to extract the Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption fluctuations performed in previous analyses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In particular, we modify the weighting scheme and show that it can improve the precision of the correlation function measurement by more than 20%. This catalog can be downloaded from https://data.desi.lbl.gov/public/edr/vac/edr/lya/fuji/v0.3 and it will be used in the near future for the first DESI measurements of the 3D correlations in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest.

Published
2023

14. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Aldering, G., Alexander, D. M., Alfarsy, R., Prieto, C. Allende, Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., Beltran, S. F., BenZvi, S., Silva, L. Beraldo e, Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Bolton, A. S., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brown, Z., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Chuang, C., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de Belsunce, R., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., Della Costa, J., de Mattia, A., Demina, R., Demirbozan, U., DeRose, J., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Doshi, R., Douglass, K., Edge, A., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Escoffier, S., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Gänsicke, B. T., García, L. Á., García-Bellido, J., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L. H., Gil-Marín, H., Golden-Marx, J., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Gruen, D., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Han, J. J., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Hou, J., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jacques, A., Jana, A., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Kizhuprakkat, N., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Khederlarian, A., Kim, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Kneib, J., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., L'Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Leauthaud, A., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lyons, A., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, C. J., Margala, D., Martini, P., McDonald, P., Medina, G. E., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Meneses-Rizo, J., Mezcua, M., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Mundet, J., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nie, J., Nikutta, R., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, H. E., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Parkinson, D., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Pothier, S., Prada, F., Pucha, R., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Shafieloo, A., Sharples, R., Sheu, W., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Siudek, M., Slepian, Z., Smith, A., Soumagnac, M. T., Sprayberry, D., Stephey, L., Suárez-Pérez, J., Sun, Z., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Variu, A., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., White, M., Xie, Y., Yang, J., Yèche, C., Yu, J., Yuan, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zheng, Z., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zou, H., Zou, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its five-month Survey Validation in May 2021. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra., Comment: 43 pages, 7 figures, 17 tables, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

Published
2023
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15. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Aldering, G., Alexander, D. M., Alfarsy, R., Prieto, C. Allende, Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., Beltran, S. F., BenZvi, S., Silva, L. Beraldo e, Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Bolton, A. S., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brown, Z., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chuang, C., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de Belsunce, R., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Demina, R., Demirbozan, U., DeRose, J., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Doshi, R., Douglass, K., Edge, A., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Escoffier, S., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Gänsicke, B. T., García, L. Á., García-Bellido, J., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L. H., Gil-Marín, H., Golden-Marx, J., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Gruen, D., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Han, J. J., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Hou, J., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jana, A., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joudaki, S., Joyce, R., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Kizhuprakkat, N., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Khederlarian, A., Kim, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Kneib, J., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., L'Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lyons, A., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, C. J., Margala, D., Martini, P., McDonald, P., Medina, G. E., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Meneses-Rizo, J., Mezcua, M., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Mundet, J., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nie, J., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, H. E., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Parkinson, D., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pucha, R., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Shafieloo, A., Sharples, R., Sheu, W., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Siudek, M., Slepian, Z., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Stephey, L., Suárez-Pérez, J., Sun, Z., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Variu, A., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., White, M., Xie, Y., Yang, J., Yèche, C., Yu, J., Yuan, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zheng, Z., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zou, H., Zou, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg$^2$ over five years to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a five month Survey Validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar (MWS), bright galaxy (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the five-year program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a `One-Percent survey' conducted at the conclusion of Survey Validation covering 140 deg$^2$ using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The Survey Validation indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg$^2$ program with spectroscopically-confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval $z<1.1$, 0.39% over the redshift interval $1.1

Published
2023
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16. The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

Author

Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Zhang, C., Sun, S. L., Jin, G., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, X. F., Chang, J. B., Chen, F. S., Chen, Y. F., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Li, Z. D., Liu, P. R., Lv, Y. H., Ma, X. H., Tang, Y. J., Wang, C. B., Xie, R. J., Xue, Y. L., Yan, A. L., Zhang, Q., Bao, C. Y., Cai, H. B., Cheng, H. Q., Cui, C. Z., Dai, Y. F., Fan, D. W., Hu, H. B., Hu, J. W., Huang, M. H., Jia, Z. Q., Jin, C. C., Li, D. Y., Li, J. Q., Liu, H. Y., Liu, M. J., Liu, Y., Pan, H. W., Qiu, Y. L., Sugizaki, M., Sun, H., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y. L., Wu, Q. Y., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. F., Yang, H. N., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, W. D., Zhang, Z., Zhao, D. H., Cong, X. Q., Jiang, B. W., Li, L. H., Qiu, X. B., Sun, J. N., Su, D. T., Wang, J., Wu, C., Xu, Z., Yang, X. M., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, N., Zhu, Y. F., Ban, H. Y., Bi, X. Z., Cai, Z. M., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, Y. H., Cui, Y., Duan, X. L., Feng, Z. G, Gao, Y., He, J. W., He, T., Huang, J. J., Li, F., Li, J. S., Li, T. J., Li, T. T., Liu, H. Q., Liu, L., Liu, R., Liu, S., Meng, N., Shi, Q., Sun, A. T., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. B., Wu, H. C., Xu, D. X, Yang, Y. Q, Yang, Y., Yu, X. S., Zhang, K. X., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhou, H., Zhu, X. C., Cheng, J. S., Qin, L., Wang, L., Wang, Q. L., Bai, M., Gao, R. L., Ji, Z., Liu, Y. R., Ma, F. L., Shi, Y. J., Su, J., Tan, Y. Y., Tong, J. Z., Xu, H. T., Xue, C. B., Xue, G. F., and Yuan, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 27 July 2022. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field-of-view (FoV) of 346 square degrees (18.6 degrees * 18.6 degrees) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of 6 cm * 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4 - 8 arcmin (in FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point spread function, and an effective area of 2 - 3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5 - 4 keV in the soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2 - 3 * 10-11 erg s-1 cm-2 (about 1 mini-Crab) at 1,000 second observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 years, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit limited useful observing time available., Comment: Accepted by RAA

Published
2023
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17. Clinical Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Sepsis Patients with Early Antibiotic Treatment

Author

Chen Y, Chen C, Chen W, Gai W, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Wang Z, and Cai Z

Subjects
metagenomic next-generation sequencing, sepsis, antibiotic management, clinical value, prognosis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yongru Chen,1 Chongyue Chen,1 Wei Chen,2,3 Wei Gai,4 Yafeng Zheng,4 Yuxin Guo,4 Zhaoning Wang,1 Yongsong Chen,1 Zhiming Cai1,5,6 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 4WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5BGI Genomics, BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 6Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhiming Cai, Carson International Cancer Center of Shenzhen University, No. 1066, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 136 0253 0322, Email caizhiming2000@163.com Yongsong Chen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0754-88905000, Email yongsongchen@126.comPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in sepsis patients who received early empirical antibiotic treatment.Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from sepsis patients diagnosed in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) between April 2019 and May 2023. All patients underwent standard conventional microbiological testing. Patients were categorized into either the mNGS group or the control group based on whether they underwent mNGS tests. Baseline variables were matched using propensity scores.Results: Out of 461 sepsis patients screened, 130 were included after propensity matching, with 65 patients in each group. Despite prior antibiotic treatment, 57 cases (87.69%) in the mNGS group had positive mNGS results, exceeding the culture detection rate (52.31%). Besides, a higher proportion of patients in the mNGS group experienced antibiotic adjustments compared to the control group (72.31% vs 53.85%). Mortality rates were also compared based on the duration of antibiotic exposure before mNGS sampling. Patients exposed to antibiotics for less than 24 hours had a lower mortality rate compared to those exposed for over 8 days (22.22% vs 42.86%). COX multivariate analysis identified mNGS testing, underlying diseases, lymphocyte percentage, infection site (respiratory and bloodstream) as independent risk factors for mortality in sepsis patients.Conclusion: With increased antibiotic exposure time, the positive rate of culture testing significantly decreased (44.44% vs 59.52% vs 35.71%, P = 0.031), whereas the positive rate of mNGS remained stable (77.78% vs 88.10% vs 92.86%, P = 0.557). mNGS demonstrated less susceptibility to antibiotic exposure. Early mNGS detection positively impacted the prognosis of sepsis patients.Keywords: metagenomic next-generation sequencing, sepsis, antibiotic management, clinical value, prognosis

Published
2024

18. In-Situ Grown Nanocrystal TiO2 on 2D Ti3C2 Nanosheets with Anti-Tumor Activity from Photo-Sonodynamic Treatment and Immunology

Author

Yu H, Huang Y, Nong Z, Lin X, Tang K, Cai Z, Huang K, Yu T, Lan H, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Yang L, Zhu J, Wu L, and Luo H

Subjects
nanozyme, sonodynamic therapy, ti3c2/tio2, ros, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hailing Yu,1,&ast; Yongquan Huang,2,&ast; Zhisheng Nong,3,&ast; Xi Lin,1 Kexin Tang,1 Zeyu Cai,1 Kaichen Huang,4 Ting Yu,1 Huimin Lan,1 Qianqian Zhang,1 Qiang Wang,5 Lei Yang,6 Jingchuan Zhu,7 Lili Wu,8 Hui Luo1 1Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 5The Green Aerotechnics Research Institute of Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 6Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 7School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 8Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hui Luo; Lili Wu, Email luoh53@mail.sysu.edu.cn; wll790107@hotmail.comIntroduction: Traditional cancer treatment strategies often have severe toxic side effects and poor therapeutic efficacy. To address the long-standing problems related to overcoming the complexity of tumors, we develop a novel nanozyme based on the in situ oxidation of 2D Ti3C2 structure to perform simultaneous phototherapy and sonodynamic therapy on tumors. Ti3C2 nanozymes exhibit multi-enzyme activity, including intrinsic peroxidase (POD) activities, which can react with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. This new material can construct Ti3C2/TiO2 heterostructures in vivo.Methods: Photothermal (PTT), sonodynamic (SDT) effects, and photoacoustic (PA) image-guided synergy therapy can be achieved. Finally, anticancer immune responses occur with this nanozyme. In vivo experiments revealed that the Ti3C2/TiO2 heterostructure inhibited tumor growth.Results: Complementarily, our results showed that the Ti3C2/TiO2 heterostructure enhanced the immunogenic activity of tumors by recruiting cytotoxic T cells, thereby enhancing the tumor ablation effect. Mechanistic studies consistently indicated that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) regulates apoptosis of HCC cells by modulating NRF2/OSGIN1 signaling both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, Ti3C2 nanozyme effectively inhibited tumor through its synergistic ability to modulate ROS and enhance immune infiltration of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Discussion: These findings open up new avenues for enhancing 2D Ti3C2 nanosheets and suggest a new way to develop more effective sonosensitizers for the treatment of cancer.Keywords: nanozyme, sonodynamic therapy, Ti3C2/TiO2, ROS

Published
2024

19. Risk Prediction Model for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Chinese Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder Based on Machine Learning

Author

Sun T, Liu J, Wang H, Yang BX, Liu Z, Wan Z, Li Y, Xie X, Li X, Gong X, and Cai Z

Subjects
non-suicidal self-injury, adolescents, major depressive disorder, risk prediction model, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Ting Sun,1,2,&ast; Jingfang Liu,3,&ast; Hui Wang,3,&ast; Bing Xiang Yang,3– 5 Zhongchun Liu,3 Jie Liu,6 Zhiying Wan,3 Yinglin Li,1 Xiangying Xie,1 Xiaofen Li,3 Xuan Gong,3 Zhongxiang Cai1 1Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 5Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 6Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongxiang Cai, Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Email tg20201228@163.com Xuan Gong, Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Email 12048387@qq.comBackground: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant social issue, especially among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to construct a risk prediction model using machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as XGBoost and random forest, to identify interventions for healthcare professionals working with adolescents with MDD.Methods: This study investigated 488 adolescents with MDD. Adolescents was randomly divided into 75% training set and 25% test set to testify the predictive value of risk prediction model. The prediction model was constructed using XGBoost and random forest algorithms. We evaluated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, recall, F Score of the two models for comparing the performance of the two models.Results: There were 161 (33.00%) participants having NSSI. Compared without NSSI, there were statistically significant differences in gender (P=0.035), age (P=0.036), depressive symptoms (P=0.042), sleep quality (P=0.030), dysfunctional attitudes (P=0.048), childhood trauma (P=0.046), interpersonal problems (P=0.047), psychoticism (P) (P=0.049), neuroticism (N) (P=0.044), punishing and Severe (F2) (P=0.045) and Overly-intervening and Protecting (M2) (P=0.047) with NSSI. The AUC values for random forest and XGBoost were 0.780 and 0.807, respectively. The top five most important risk predictors identified by both machine learning methods were dysfunctional attitude, childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, F2 and M2.Conclusion: The study demonstrates the suitability of prediction models for predicting NSSI behavior in Chinese adolescents with MDD based on ML. This model improves the assessment of NSSI in adolescents with MDD by health care professionals working. This provides a foundation for focused prevention and interventions by health care professionals working with these adolescents.Keywords: non-suicidal self-injury, adolescents, major depressive disorder, risk prediction model

Published
2024

20. Response surface optimization of fluidized roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal

Author

Feng Y., Cai Z., Li H., Du Z., and Liu X.

Subjects
response surface optimization, fluidized roasting, coupling technology, low-grade pyrolusite reduction, stone coal pretreatment, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

Research on the novel technology of fluidized roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal has been conducted. According to the response surface design and the analysis of results, orthogonal experiments have been conducted on the major factors and effects of the factors on the manganese reduction efficiency have been studied. The quadratic model between the manganese reduction efficiency and the factors has been established. Meanwhile, the contour or 3D response surface of the manganese reduction efficiency among various factors has been presented. The maximum manganese reduction efficiency could be optimized to nearly 100%, when the mass ratio of stone coal to pyrolusite was 2.5:1, the roasting temperature of stone coal was 1080ºC, the roasting temperature of pyrolusite was 775ºC, and the roasting time was 2h. The results of the manganese reduction efficiency of the actual experiments were close to those of the fitting model by the verification experiments, indicating that the optimum solution has a relatively high reliability. Other low-grade pyrolusite such as Guangxi pyrolusite (China), Hunan pyrolusite (China), and Guizhou pyrolusite (China) were tested and all these materials responded well giving nearly 100% manganese reduction efficiency.

Published
2013
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21. First wide field-of-view X-ray observations by a lobster eye focusing telescope in orbit

Author

Zhang, C., Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Sun, S. L., Liu, Y., Li, Z. D., Xue, Y. L., Chen, Y. F., Dai, Y. F., Jia, Z. Q., Liu, H. Y., Zhang, X. F., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, S. N., Chen, F. S., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Liu, P. R., Ma, X. H., Tang, Y. J., Wang, C. B., Xie, R. J., Yan, A. L., Zhang, Q., Jiang, B. W., Jin, G., Li, L. H., Qiu, X. B., Su, D. T., Sun, J. N., Xu, Z., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, Z., Zhang, N., Bi, X. Z., Cai, Z. M., He, J. W., Liu, H. Q., Zhu, X. C., Cheng, H. Q., Cui, C. Z., Fan, D. W., Hu, H. B., Huang, M. H., Jin, C. C., Li, D. Y., Pan, H. W., Wang, W. X., Xu, Y. F., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, W. D., Zhao, D. H., Bai, M., Ji, Z., Liu, Y. R., Ma, F. L., Su, J., Tong, J. Z., Wang, Y. S., Zhao, Z. J., Feldman, C., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Willingale, R., Burwitz, V., Hartner, G., Langmeier, A., Müller, T., Rukdee, S., Schmidt, T., Kuulkers, E., and Yuan, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

As a novel X-ray focusing technology, lobster eye micro-pore optics (MPO) feature both a wide observing field of view and true imaging capability, promising sky monitoring with significantly improved sensitivity and spatial resolution in soft X-rays. Since first proposed by Angel (1979), the optics have been extensively studied, developed and trialed over the past decades. In this Letter, we report on the first-light results from a flight experiment of the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy ($LEIA$), a pathfinder of the wide-field X-ray telescope of the Einstein Probe mission. The piggyback imager, launched in July 2022, has a mostly un-vignetted field of view of $18.6^\circ \times 18.6^\circ $. Its spatial resolution is in the range of 4$-$7 arcmin in FWHM and the focal spot effective area is 2$-$3 cm$^2$, both showing only mild fluctuations across the field of view. We present images of the Galactic center region, Sco X-1 and the diffuse Cygnus Loop nebular taken in snapshot observations over 0.5$-$4 keV. These are truly wide-field X-ray images of celestial bodies observed, for the first time, by a focusing imaging telescope. Initial analyses of the in-flight data show excellent agreement between the observed images and the on-ground calibration and simulations. The instrument and its characterization are briefly described, as well as the flight experiment. The results provide a solid basis for the development of the present and proposed wide-field X-ray missions using lobster eye MPO., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Published
2022
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24. Analysis of Grip Strength and Its Explanatory Factors in Older Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumours

Author

Yu W, Qiu J, Jiang X, Xie H, Cai Z, and Yang B

Subjects
gastrointestinal tumour, grip strength, analysis of explanatory factors, nursing, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Weifei Yu,1,&ast; Jingxia Qiu,2,&ast; Ximing Jiang,2 Haofen Xie,2 Zejun Cai,2 Bin Yang2 1Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University(Yuehu Courtyard), Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haofen Xie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University(Yuehu Courtyard), No. 59 of Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13867889859, Email xihfff2022@126.comAim: To investigate the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and analyse its explanatory factors.Methods: A total of 170 older patients with gastrointestinal tumours admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of a Grade-III hospital in the Zhejiang province from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the investigation participants. Among them, there were 102 cases of gastric cancer (60.0%) and 68 cases of colon cancer (40.0%). There were 110 male patients (64.7%) and 60 female patients (35.3%), with patient ages ranging between 64 and 82 years old. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general data questionnaire, grip apparatus and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the explanatory factors on the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours.Results: The grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours was 25.3± 5.3 kg. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, disease, body mass index (BMI), albumin concentration and the NRS-2002 score were the main explanatory factors on grip strength (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Grip strength was lower in older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and was lower in females, those aged ≥ 70 years, patients with colorectal cancer, individuals with a BMI of < 18.5, those with an albumin concentration of < 35g/l and those with an NRS2002 score of ≥ 3. Clinical staff should dynamically evaluate the level of grip strength in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and develop individualized interventions based on the related explanatory factors.Keywords: gastrointestinal tumour, grip strength, analysis of explanatory factors, nursing

Published
2024

25. Evaluation of Depression and Its Correlates in Terms of Demographics, Eating Habits, and Exercises Among University Students: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Analysis

Author

Zheng H, Li C, Zhang L, Wang T, Cai Z, and Lei M

Subjects
depression, eating habits, sports, university students, cross-sectional study., Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Hua Zheng,1 Changqing Li,1 Lirong Zhang,2 Tailin Wang,3 Zengliang Cai,4 Mingxing Lei5,6 1College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Physical Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 5Chinese PLA General School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China; 6Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingxing Lei, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618811772189, Email leimingxing@301hospital.com.cn Zengliang Cai, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Email caizengliang@shutcm.edu.cnBackground: University students are a vulnerable population prone to mental health challenges. This study aimed to investigate depression and its associated factors among university students in terms of demographics, eating habits, and exercises.Methods: A total of 2891 university students from three universities participated in this study between January 2024 and February 2024. An online survey questionnaire was distributed using a snow-ball strategy. The survey collected demographic, lifestyle, and psychological data, including depression and anxiety scores using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 screening tools. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sport frequency and sport type using Chi-square test for qualitative data and t-test for quantitative data. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for depression.Results: A total of 44.2% and 39.5% of the participants reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Significant differences were observed in various characteristics across different sport frequency groups, with participants with higher sport frequency tending to have less depression (P< 0.001) and anxiety (P< 0.001) symptoms. As the frequency of weekly exercise increased, anxiety and depression scores gradually decreased. The mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were highest in the group with no sports and lowest in the group with a sport frequency of 3– 4 times per week (P< 0.001). Additionally, once exercise frequency reached 5 times per week or more, anxiety and depression scores no longer decreased. Subgroup analysis based on sport type revealed that participants engaging in specific sports, such as basketball, tennis, dance, and running, had lower depression (P< 0.001) and anxiety (P< 0.001) scores compared to the overall average. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, married status (P=0.036), enjoying barbecue food (P< 0.001), prolonged sedentary time (P=0.001), experiencing stress events (P< 0.001), and electronic device usage time (P< 0.001) were positively associated with depression scores, while loving eating vegetables (P=0.007), a relatively longer sport time (P=0.005), a higher exercise frequency (P=0.064), and no chronic disease (P< 0.001) were negatively associated with depression scores.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, limited exposure to electronic screens, and a balanced diet, in preventing and mitigating depression among university students. This study also suggests that exercising 3– 4 times a week is associated with the lowest levels of anxiety and depression. Activities such as basketball, tennis, dance, and running are effective in alleviating these mental health issues through regular exercise.Keywords: depression, eating habits, sports, university students, cross-sectional study

Published
2024

26. Chemodynamic PtMn Nanocubes for Effective Photothermal ROS Storm a Key Anti-Tumor Therapy in-vivo

Author

Wang C, Zhou H, Kurboniyon MS, Tang Y, Cai Z, Ning S, Zhang L, and Liang X

Subjects
noble metal, mn-doping, fenton reaction, photothermal effect, chemodynamic therapy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Chen Wang,1,&ast; Hongmei Zhou,1,&ast; Mekhrdod S Kurboniyon,2 Yanping Tang,1 Zhengmin Cai,1 Shufang Ning,1 Litu Zhang,1 Xinqiang Liang1 1Department of Research & Guangxi Cancer Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China; 2National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Litu Zhang; Xinqiang Liang, Department of Research and Guangxi Cancer Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Email zhanglitu@gmail.com; xx03716@163.comBackground: Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a new treatment approach that is triggered by endogenous stimuli in specific intracellular conditions for generating hydroxyl radicals. However, the efficiency of CDT is severely limited by Fenton reaction agents and harsh reaction conditions.Methods: Bimetallic PtMn nanocubes were rationally designed and simply synthesized through a one-step high-temperature pyrolysis process by controlling both the nucleation process and the subsequent crystal growth stage. The polyethylene glycol was modified to enhance biocompatibility.Results: Benefiting from the alloying of Pt nanocubes with Mn doping, the structure of the electron cloud has changed, resulting in different degrees of the shift in electron binding energy, resulting in the increasing of Fenton reaction activity. The PtMn nanocubes could catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide to toxic hydroxyl radicals in mild acid. Meanwhile, the intrinsic glutathione (GSH) depletion activity of PtMn nanocubes consumed GSH with the assistance of Mn3+/Mn2+. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, mild temperature due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Pt metal can also enhance the Fenton reaction.Conclusion: PtMn nanocubes can not only destroy the antioxidant system via efficient reactive oxygen species generation and continuous GSH consumption but also propose the photothermal effect of noble metal for enhanced Fenton reaction activity.Keywords: noble metal, Mn-doping, Fenton reaction, photothermal effect, chemodynamic therapy

Published
2024

27. The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of the Quasar Survey Spectra

Author

Alexander, David M., Davis, Tamara M., Chaussidon, E., Fawcett, V. A., Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X., Lan, Ting-Wen, Yeche, Christophe, Ahlen, S., Aguilar, J. N., Armengaud, E., Bailey, S., Brooks, D., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Carr, A., Chabanier, S., Cousinou, Marie-Claude, Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., Dey, A., Dey, Biprateep, Dhungana, G., Edge, A. C., Eftekharzadeh, S., Fanning, K., Farr, James, Font-Ribera, A., Garcia-Bellido, J., Garrison, Lehman, Gaztanaga, E., Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Gordon, C., Gonzalez, Stefany Guadalupe Medellin, Guy, J., Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K., Jiang, L., Juneau, S., Karacayli, Naim, Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Kovacs, A., Landriau, M., Levi, Michael E., Magneville, C., Martini, P., Meisner, Aaron M., Mezcua, M., Miquel, R., Camacho, P. Montero, Moustakas, J., Munoz-Gutierrez, Andrea, Myers, Adam D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Nie, J. D., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Pan, Z., Percival, W. J., Perez-Rafols, I., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Ramirez-Perez, Cesar, Ravoux, C., Rosario, D. J., Schubnell, M., Tarle, Gregory, Walther, M., Weiner, B., Youles, S., Zhou, Zhimin, Zou, H., and Zou, Siwei

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A key component of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey validation (SV) is a detailed visual inspection (VI) of the optical spectroscopic data to quantify key survey metrics. In this paper we present results from VI of the quasar survey using deep coadded SV spectra. We show that the majority (~70%) of the main-survey targets are spectroscopically confirmed as quasars, with ~16% galaxies, ~6% stars, and ~8% low-quality spectra lacking reliable features. A non-negligible fraction of the quasars are misidentified by the standard spectroscopic pipeline but we show that the majority can be recovered using post-pipeline "afterburner" quasar-identification approaches. We combine these "afterburners" with our standard pipeline to create a modified pipeline to improve the overall quasar yield. At the depth of the main DESI survey both pipelines achieve a good-redshift purity (reliable redshifts measured within 3000 km/s) of ~99%; however, the modified pipeline recovers ~94% of the visually inspected quasars, as compared to ~86% from the standard pipeline. We demonstrate that both pipelines achieve an median redshift precision and accuracy of ~100 km/s and ~70 km/s, respectively. We constructed composite spectra to investigate why some quasars are missed by the standard spectroscopic pipeline and find that they are more host-galaxy dominated (i.e., distant analogs of "Seyfert galaxies") and/or dust reddened than the standard-pipeline quasars. We also show example spectra to demonstrate the overall diversity of the DESI quasar sample and provide strong-lensing candidates where two targets contribute to a single spectrum., Comment: Astronomical journal (in press). 26 pages, 15 figures, 9 tables, one of a suite of 8 papers detailing targeting for DESI. Figure data available from Zenodo (see paper for details)

Published
2022
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28. The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of the Quasar Survey Spectra

Author

Alexander, David M, Davis, Tamara M, Chaussidon, E, Fawcett, VA, Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X, Lan, Ting-Wen, Yèche, Christophe, Ahlen, S, Aguilar, JN, Armengaud, E, Bailey, S, Brooks, D, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Carr, A, Chabanier, S, Cousinou, Marie-Claude, Dawson, K, de la Macorra, A, Dey, A, Dey, Biprateep, Dhungana, G, Edge, AC, Eftekharzadeh, S, Fanning, K, Farr, James, Font-Ribera, A, Garcia-Bellido, J, Garrison, Lehman, Gaztañaga, E, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Gordon, C, Gonzalez, Stefany Guadalupe Medellin, Guy, J, Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K, Jiang, L, Juneau, S, Karaçaylı, NG, Kehoe, R, Kisner, T, Kovács, A, Landriau, M, Levi, Michael E, Magneville, C, Martini, P, Meisner, Aaron M, Mezcua, M, Miquel, R, Camacho, P Montero, Moustakas, J, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Andrea, Myers, Adam D, Nadathur, S, Napolitano, L, Nie, JD, Palanque-Delabrouille, N, Pan, Z, Percival, WJ, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Poppett, C, Prada, F, Ramírez-Pérez, César, Ravoux, C, Rosario, DJ, Schubnell, M, Tarlé, Gregory, Walther, M, Weiner, B, Youles, S, Zhou, Zhimin, Zou, H, and Zou, Siwei

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

A key component of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey validation (SV) is a detailed visual inspection (VI) of the optical spectroscopic data to quantify key survey metrics. In this paper we present results from VI of the quasar survey using deep coadded SV spectra. We show that the majority (≈70%) of the main-survey targets are spectroscopically confirmed as quasars, with ≈16% galaxies, ≈6% stars, and ≈8% low-quality spectra lacking reliable features. A nonnegligible fraction of the quasars are misidentified by the standard spectroscopic pipeline, but we show that the majority can be recovered using post-pipeline “afterburner” quasar-identification approaches. We combine these “afterburners” with our standard pipeline to create a modified pipeline to increase the overall quasar yield. At the depth of the main DESI survey, both pipelines achieve a good-redshift purity (reliable redshifts measured within 3000 km s−1) of ≈99%; however, the modified pipeline recovers ≈94% of the visually inspected quasars, as compared to ≈86% from the standard pipeline. We demonstrate that both pipelines achieve a median redshift precision and accuracy of ≈100 km s−1 and ≈70 km s−1, respectively. We constructed composite spectra to investigate why some quasars are missed by the standard pipeline and find that they are more host-galaxy dominated (i.e., distant analogs of “Seyfert galaxies”) and/or more dust reddened than the standard-pipeline quasars. We also show example spectra to demonstrate the overall diversity of the DESI quasar sample and provide strong-lensing candidates where two targets contribute to a single spectrum.

Published
2023

29. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Abareshi, B., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, Shadab, Alexander, David M., Alfarsy, R., Allen, L., Prieto, C. Allende, Alves, O., Ameel, J., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Aviles, Alejandro, Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Beltran, S. F., Benavides, B., BenZvi, S., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, Florian, Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blanc, P., Blum, R., Bolton, A., Bose, S., Bramall, D., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brownewell, C., Buckley-Geer, E., Cahn, R. N., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carton, P., Casas, R., Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chuang, C., Circosta, C., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., da Costa, L., Cousinou, M. -C., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de la Cruz-Noriega, R., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Della Costa, J., Demmer, P., Derwent, M., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, Z., Dobson, C., Doel, P., Donald-McCann, J., Donaldson, J., Douglass, K., Duan, Y., Dunlop, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Enriquez-Vargas, M., Escoffier, S., Evatt, M., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Fromenteau, S., Gänsicke, B. T., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L., Gaztañaga, E., Gerardi, F., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X., Gonzalez-de-Rivera, G., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Grove, C., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hahn, C., Harris, S., Herrera, D., Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jelinsky, P., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joyce, R., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karamanis, M., Karcher, A., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, Alex, L'Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, Ting-Wen, Landriau, M., Lane, S., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Van Suu, A. Le, Levi, Michael E., Li, T. S., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, B., McCollam, W., McDonald, P., Meisner, Aaron M., Mezcua, J. Mena-Fernández M., Miller, T., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Martini, J. Paul, Meneses-Rizo, J., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Andrea, Myers, Adam D., Nadathur, S., Najita, J., Napolitano, L., Neilsen, E., Newman, Jeffrey A., Nie, J. D., Ning, Y., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, Hernán E., O'Brien, T., Obuljen, A., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Pappalardo, D., Peng, X., Percival, W. J., Perruchot, S., Pogge, R., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Prochaska, J., Pucha, R., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ráfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramirez-Solano, S., Ramírez-Pérez, César, Ravoux, C., Reil, K., Rezaie, M., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Safonova, S., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Catonga, Javier Salas, Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E., Schlegel, D., Schmoll, J., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Secroun, A., Seo, H., Serrano, S., Sharples, Ray M., Sholl, Michael J., Silber, Joseph Harry, Silva, D. R., Sirk, M., Siudek, M., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Staten, R., Stupak, B., Tan, T., Tarlé, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Valdes, F., Valenzuela, O., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, C., Wechsler, R., Wilson, Michael J., Yang, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, Christophe, Zhang, H., Zhang, K., Zhao, Cheng, Zhou, Rongpu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zou, H., Zou, J., Zou, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has embarked on an ambitious five-year survey to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopy of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to z > 3.5, as well as measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. In this paper we describe the significant instrumentation we developed for the DESI survey. The new instrumentation includes a wide-field, 3.2-deg diameter prime-focus corrector that focuses the light onto 5020 robotic fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface. The positioners and their fibers are divided among ten wedge-shaped petals. Each petal is connected to one of ten spectrographs via a contiguous, high-efficiency, nearly 50 m fiber cable bundle. The ten spectrographs each use a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360 - 980 nm with a resolution of 2000 to 5000. We describe the science requirements, technical requirements on the instrumentation, and management of the project. DESI was installed at the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, and we also describe the facility upgrades to prepare for DESI and the installation and functional verification process. DESI has achieved all of its performance goals, and the DESI survey began in May 2021. Some performance highlights include RMS positioner accuracy better than 0.1", SNR per \sqrt{\AA} > 0.5 for a z > 2 quasar with flux 0.28e-17 erg/s/cm^2/A at 380 nm in 4000s, and median SNR = 7 of the [OII] doublet at 8e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in a 1000s exposure for emission line galaxies at z = 1.4 - 1.6. We conclude with highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning of the instrument, key successes, and lessons learned. (abridged), Comment: 78 pages, 32 figures, submitted to AJ

Published
2022
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30. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Abareshi, B, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, Shadab, Alexander, David M, Alfarsy, R, Allen, L, Prieto, C Allende, Alves, O, Ameel, J, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Aviles, Alejandro, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Beltran, SF, Benavides, B, BenZvi, S, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, Florian, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blanc, P, Blum, R, Bolton, A, Bose, S, Bramall, D, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brownewell, C, Buckley-Geer, E, Cahn, RN, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Capasso, R, Rosell, A Carnero, Carton, P, Casas, R, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chuang, C, Circosta, C, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, da Costa, L, Cousinou, M-C, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, de la Cruz-Noriega, R, de la Macorra, A, de Mattia, A, Della Costa, J, Demmer, P, Derwent, M, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, Z, Dobson, C, Doel, P, Donald-McCann, J, Donaldson, J, Douglass, K, Duan, Y, Dunlop, P, Edelstein, J, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Enriquez-Vargas, M, Escoffier, S, Evatt, M, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Ereza, J, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Romero, JE, Frenk, CS, Fromenteau, S, Gänsicke, BT, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, L, Gaztañaga, E, Gerardi, F, Gil-Marín, H, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X, and Gonzalez-de-Rivera, G

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360-980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000-5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10-17 erg s-1 cm-2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4-1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

Published
2022

31. Japan Trench event stratigraphy: First results from IODP giant piston coring in a deep-sea trench to advance subduction zone paleoseismology

Author

Everest, J., Maeda, L., Hochmuth, K., Grant, H., Stewart, M., Okutsu, N., Sakurai, N., Yokoyama, T., Bao, R., Bellanova, P., Brunet, M., Cai, Z., Cattaneo, A., Hsiung, K.H., Huang, J.-J.S., Ishizawa, T., Jitsuno, K., Johnson, J.E., Kanamatsu, T., Keep, M., Kölling, M., Luo, M., März, C., Micallef, A., Nagahashi, Y., Pandey, D., Rasbury, T., Riedinger, N., Seibert, C., Silver, M., Straub, S., Virtasalo, J.J., Wang, Y.H., Wu, T.-W., Zellers, S.D., Strasser, Michael, Ikehara, Ken, Pizer, Charlotte, Itaki, Takuya, Satoguchi, Yasufumi, Kioka, Arata, McHugh, Cecilia, Proust, Jean-Noel, and Sawyer, Derek

Published
2024
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32. Correlation Between Maternal Anxiety During Mid-Pregnancy and Subsequent Infant Sleep Issues: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2015 to 2016

Author

Wang S, Cai Z, Gao G, and Yan S

Subjects
pregnancy anxiety, pregnancy, infant, sleep, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Sumei Wang, Zhiling Cai, Guopeng Gao, Shuangqin Yan Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shuangqin Yan, Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, No. 446 Jiashan Road, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 555-2364042, Email ShuangqinYan@163.comPurpose: To explore the correlation between maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy and infant sleep issues based on the anxiety status of mothers in mid-pregnancy.Patients and Methods: A cohort of 2122 primigravida women from Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province, was followed from pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. The study analyzed the impact of maternal anxiety on infant sleep patterns, including primary caregivers, encompassing insufficient sleep duration, frequent nocturnal awakenings, prolonged nocturnal awakening durations, and elongated sleep latency.Results: A total of 1891 mother-infant pairs were included in this analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, a positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy and insufficient sleep duration (OR=1.69, 95% CI:1.13– 2.52), and elongated sleep latency (OR=2.26, 95% CI:1.61– 3.18).Conclusion: Maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy is associated with sleep issues in infants. Addressing maternal mental health during pregnancy may enhance sleep quality for mothers and infants, promoting overall maternal-infant health. Keywords: pregnancy anxiety, pregnancy, infant, sleep

Published
2024

33. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Abareshi, B, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, Shadab, Alexander, David M, Alfarsy, R, Allen, L, Prieto, C Allende, Alves, O, Ameel, J, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Aviles, Alejandro, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Beltran, SF, Benavides, B, BenZvi, S, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, Florian, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blanc, P, Blum, R, Bolton, A, Bose, S, Bramall, D, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brownewell, C, Buckley-Geer, E, Cahn, RN, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Rosell, A Carnero, Carton, P, Casas, R, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chuang, C, Circosta, C, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, Costa, L da, Cousinou, M-C, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, Cruz-Noriega, R de la, Macorra, A de la, Mattia, A de, Costa, J Della, Demmer, P, Derwent, M, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, Z, Dobson, C, Doel, P, Donald-McCann, J, Donaldson, J, Douglass, K, Duan, Y, Dunlop, P, Edelstein, J, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Enriquez-Vargas, M, Escoffier, S, Evatt, M, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Ereza, J, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Romero, JE, Frenk, CS, Fromenteau, S, Gänsicke, BT, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, L, Gaztañaga, E, Gerardi, F, Gil-Marín, H, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X, Gonzalez-de-Rivera, G, Gonzalez-Perez, V, and Gordon, C

Subjects
astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has embarked on an ambitiousfive-year survey to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopy of 40million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employthe Baryon Acoustic Oscillation method to measure distances from the nearbyuniverse to z > 3.5, as well as measure the growth of structure and probepotential modifications to general relativity. In this paper we describe thesignificant instrumentation we developed for the DESI survey. The newinstrumentation includes a wide-field, 3.2-deg diameter prime-focus correctorthat focuses the light onto 5020 robotic fiber positioners on the 0.812 mdiameter, aspheric focal surface. The positioners and their fibers are dividedamong ten wedge-shaped petals. Each petal is connected to one of tenspectrographs via a contiguous, high-efficiency, nearly 50 m fiber cablebundle. The ten spectrographs each use a pair of dichroics to split the lightinto three channels that together record the light from 360 - 980 nm with aresolution of 2000 to 5000. We describe the science requirements, technicalrequirements on the instrumentation, and management of the project. DESI wasinstalled at the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, and we also describe thefacility upgrades to prepare for DESI and the installation and functionalverification process. DESI has achieved all of its performance goals, and theDESI survey began in May 2021. Some performance highlights include RMSpositioner accuracy better than 0.1", SNR per \sqrt{\AA} > 0.5 for a z > 2quasar with flux 0.28e-17 erg/s/cm^2/A at 380 nm in 4000s, and median SNR = 7of the [OII] doublet at 8e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in a 1000s exposure for emission linegalaxies at z = 1.4 - 1.6. We conclude with highlights from the on-skyvalidation and commissioning of the instrument, key successes, and lessonslearned. (abridged)

Published
2022

34. Pluronic F-127 Hydrogel Loaded with Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Improve Fat Graft Survival via HIF-1α-Mediated Enhancement of Angiogenesis

Author

Yang F, Li Z, Cai Z, He Y, Ke C, Wang J, Lin M, and Li L

Subjects
autologous fat grafting, human adipose-derived stem cell, exosome, hydrogel, hif-1α/vegf signaling pathway, angiogenesis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Fangfang Yang,1,&ast; Zihao Li,2,&ast; Zhongming Cai,1 Yucang He,1 Chen Ke,1 Jingping Wang,1 Ming Lin,3 Liqun Li1 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liqun Li, Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13706664412, Email wzliliqun@163.comPurpose: Autologous fat grafting is playing an increasingly important role in plastic surgery. However, high absorption and low survival of autologous fat grafts limit their clinical application. This study aimed to investigate whether human adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes (hASC-Exos) encapsulated in a PF-127 hydrogel can improve the survival of autologous fat grafts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Patients and Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hASCs and identified using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. We performed functional assays in vitro to assess the effect of hASC-Exos on proliferation, migration, and tube formation as well as their regulatory role in the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. hASC-Exos encapsulated in the PF-127 hydrogel were used as an in vivo autologous fat graft model. The effects of the PF-127 hydrogel/hASC-Exos and the role of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in promoting angiogenesis in an autologous fat grafting model were assessed.Results: hASC-Exos were taken up by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tubule formation in vitro. The effects of hASC-Exos on promoting angiogenesis were mediated by the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Moreover, we fabricated a PF-127 hydrogel for the sustained release of hASC-Exos, and in vivo results showed that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel improved the survival of autologous fat grafts.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel serve as a key regulator of angiogenesis by activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and provide a promising strategy for autologous fat grafting treatment. Keywords: autologous fat grafting, human adipose-derived stem cell, exosome, hydrogel, HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, angiogenesis

Published
2023

36. Energy Partition in Four Confined Circular-Ribbon Flares

Author

Cai, Z. M., Zhang, Q. M., Ning, Z. J., Su, Y. N., and Ji, H. S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

In this study, we investigated the energy partition of four confined circular-ribbon flares (CRFs) near the solar disk center, which are observed simultaneously by SDO, GOES, and RHESSI. We calculated different energy components, including the radiative outputs in 1$-$8, 1$-$70, and 70$-$370 {\AA}, total radiative loss, peak thermal energy derived from GOES and RHESSI, nonthermal energy in flare-accelerated electrons, and magnetic free energy before flares. It is found that the energy components increase systematically with the flare class, indicating that more energies are involved in larger flares. The magnetic free energies are larger than the nonthermal energies and radiative outputs of flares, which is consistent with the magnetic nature of flares. The ratio $\frac{E_{nth}}{E_{mag}}$ of the four flares, being 0.70$-$0.76, is considerably higher than that of eruptive flares. Hence, this ratio may serve as an important factor that discriminates confined and eruptive flares. The nonthermal energies are sufficient to provide the heating requirements including the peak thermal energy and radiative loss. Our findings impose constraint on theoretical models of confined CRFs and have potential implication for the space weather forecast., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics, comments are welcome

Published
2021
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37. Constraining the Halo Mass of Damped Lyα Absorption Systems (DLAs) at z = 2-3.5 Using the Quasar-CMB Lensing Cross-correlation

Author

Lin, X, Cai, Z, Li, Y, Krolewski, A, and Ferraro, S

Subjects
Damped Ly alpha systems, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Quasars, Large-scale structure of the universe, Galaxy dark matter halos, Intergalactic medium, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.GA, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We study the cross-correlation of damped Lyα systems (DLAs) and their background quasars, using the most updated DLA catalog and the Planck 2018 CMB lensing convergence field. Our measurement suggests that the DLA bias bDLA is smaller than 3.1, corresponding to at a confidence of 90%. These constraints are broadly consistent with Alonso et al. and previous measurements by cross-correlation between DLAs and the Lyα forest (e.g., Font-Ribera et al.; Prez-Rfols et al.). Further, our results demonstrate the potential of obtaining a more precise measurement of the halo mass of the high-redshift sources using next generation CMB experiments with a higher angular resolution. The python-based codes and data products of our analysis are available at https://github.com/LittleLin1999/CMB-lensingxDLA.

Published
2021

39. Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Perforation with a Poor Prognosis

Author

Yuan W, Zhou X, Cai Z, Qiu J, Li X, and Tong G

Subjects
gastrointestinal perforation, length of stay, septic shock, mortality, prognosis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Wenqing Yuan,1,&ast; Xiaozhuan Zhou,2,&ast; Zhigao Cai,1 Junyu Qiu,1 Xi Li,2 Gangling Tong1,3 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Longchuan County People’s Hospital, Heyuan, 517300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xi Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-75583923333, Email Lixi122188@sina.com Gangling Tong, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-75583923333, Fax +86-75583061340, Email tgl221747@sohu.comBackground: Despite medical progress, mortality from gastrointestinal perforation was relatively high. Our study’s objective was to identify risk factors associated with a poor prognosis for gastrointestinal perforation.Methods: Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal perforation at the Longchuan County People’s Hospital between January 2019 and February 2022 were the subject of a retrospective analysis of their laboratory data. Patients were grouped based on length of hospital stay, septic shock, and mortality.Results: A total of 240 patients participated in our study. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we identified several risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation associated with a dismal prognosis. Lower digestive tract perforation (OR=2.418, 95% CI 1.119– 5.227, P=0.025), low total protein (OR=0.934, 95% CI 0.879– 0.992, P=0.026) and low hemoglobin (OR=0.985, 95% CI 0.971– 0.999, P=0.039) were linked to a longer length of stay, especially hemoglobin (OR=0.978, 95% CI 0.966– 0.991, P=0.001) in upper digestive tract. High ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) (OR=1.043, 95% CI 1.012– 1.076, P=0.007), high lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (OR=2.158, 95% CI 1.495– 3.115, P< 0.001) and low prognostic nutrition index (PNI) (OR=0.814, 95% CI 0.751– 0.833, P< 0.001) predicted septic shock. In upper digestive tract, PLR (OR=1.001, 95% CI 1.000– 1.002, P=0.067), LMR (OR=2.160, 95% CI 1.440– 3.240, P< 0.001) and PNI (OR=0.843, 95% CI 0.767– 0.926, P< 0.001) were risk factors for septic shock, and total protein (OR=0.796, 95% CI 0.686– 0.923, P=0.003) was a risk factor for septic shock in lower digestive tract. High NLR (OR=1.056, 95% CI 1.019– 1.093, P=0.003), high LMR (OR=1.760, 95% CI 1.177– 2.632, P=0.006) and low PNI (OR=0.832, 95% CI 0.754– 0.918, P< 0.001) were the risk factors of mortality. In subgroup analysis of perforation site, albumin (OR=0.820, 95% CI 0.719– 0.934, P=0.003) and LMR (OR=1.506, 95% CI 1.069– 2.123, P=0.019) were risk factors for mortality in upper digestive tract and PNI (OR=0.636, 95% CI 0.445– 0.908, P=0.013) was a risk factor for mortality in lower digestive tract.Conclusion: Our research found that the perforation site, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, NLR, LMR, PLR and PNI were risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation with a poor prognosis.Keywords: gastrointestinal perforation, length of stay, septic shock, mortality, prognosis

Published
2023

40. Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents with Depressive Disorder: Mediated by Negative Life Events and Coping Style

Author

Xie X, Liu J, Gong X, Sun T, Li Y, Liu Z, Yang BX, Zhang L, Zhu K, and Cai Z

Subjects
childhood trauma, nssi, negative life event, coping styles, depressive disorder., Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Xiangying Xie,1,2,&ast; Jingfang Liu,3,&ast; Xuan Gong,3,&ast; Ting Sun,1 Yinglin Li,1 Zhongchun Liu,3 Bing Xiang Yang,3,4 Lili Zhang,1 Kaimei Zhu,1 Zhongxiang Cai1 1Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongxiang Cai; Lili Zhang, Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18627932929 ; +86-13971907706, Email tg20201228@163.com; llzhang0301@163.comPurpose: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is related to childhood trauma, negative life events, and coping style, but the interaction among these factors and the mechanism by which they interact in adolescents with depressive disorder remain unclear. This paper explores how these factors interact to influence NSSI and provides evidence to develop prevention efforts and interventions for adolescents with depressive disorder with NSSI.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional design and convenient sampling method were used in this study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire were completed by 540 adolescents with depressive disorder. Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, t-tests, Pearson correlations, and serial mediation analyses were used in the data analysis.Results: A total of 398 (79.442%) adolescents with depressive disorders reported experiences of NSSI. The results of serial mediation analyses determined that childhood trauma has a direct (estimate = 0.209, 95% CI: 0.063, 0.334) and indirect (estimate = 0.271, 95% CI: 0.199, 0.371) impact on NSSI. The indirect impact of childhood trauma on NSSI through negative life events alone (estimate = 0.096, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.169), coping styles alone (estimate = 0.088, 95% CI: 0.034, 0.183), and negative life events on coping styles (estimate = 0.086, 95% CI: 0.042, 0.162) was significant.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that screening for childhood trauma should be considered when preventing and treating NSSI behavior in adolescents with depressive disorder. Managing negative life events and coping style may mitigate the negative impact of childhood trauma on NSSI behavior in adolescents with depressive disorder.Keywords: childhood trauma, NSSI, negative life event, coping styles, depressive disorder

Published
2023

41. Curcumin Alleviates Epidermal Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and IL-6/STAT3 Pathway of Mice

Author

Cai Z, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhu R, and Wang W

Subjects
curcumin, psoriasis, il-6/stat3, inflammation, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Zhenguo Cai,1,2,&ast; Yibin Zeng,3,&ast; Zhuohang Liu,3 Ruizheng Zhu,3 Wuqing Wang1,3 1Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wuqing Wang; Ruizheng Zhu, Email wangwuqing121@sina.com; bigbigworld_emilia@163.comBackground: To further investigate why curcumin (CUR) can attenuate psoriasis-like dermatitis of mice.Methods and Results: Sixteen mice were randomized into four groups. The control group used carrier cream, and the model and the CUR group were applied with topical 5% imiquimod in the naked mice skin once a day for 6 days (62.5 mg/day/mice). Meanwhile, the control and model mice were given the same dose of saline by oral means, while mice in the CUR groups received oral drug doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 6 days, respectively. CUR could largely improve imiquimod-induced lesions of mice. By using the ELISA and qPCR, we found that the protein and mRNA levels of epidermal TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited by CUR. The phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and its downstream associated protein levels (eg, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Pim1) in skin tissues of different groups were also inhibited by CUR. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry also showed the repressed effect of CUR for the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and p-STAT3 in psoriasis-like lesions of mice.Conclusion: CUR can effectively ameliorate the featured lesions of psoriasis mice, which may be closely associated with the involvement of IL-6/STAT3 signaling.Keywords: curcumin, psoriasis, IL-6/STAT3, inflammation

Published
2023

42. Solutions of quaternion-valued differential equations with or without commutativity

Author

Cai, Z., Kou, K. I., and Zhang, W.

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract

Most results on quaternion-valued differential equation (QDE) are based on J. Campos and J. Mawhin's fundamental solution of exponential form for the homogeneous linear equation, but their result requires a commutativity property. In this paper we discuss with two problems: What quaternion function satisfies the commutativity property? Without the commutativity property, what can we do for the homogeneous equation? We prove that the commutativity property actually requires quaternionic functions to be complex-like functions. Without the commutativity property, we reduce the initial value problem of the homogeneous equation to a real nonautonomous nonlinear differential equation.

Published
2020

43. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author

Bay, Daya, collaborations, JUNO, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chakaberia, I., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, ., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. D., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. 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W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. 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Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020

44. IRAM 30m-EMIR Redshift Search of z = 3-4 Lensed Dusty Starbursts selected from the HerBS sample

Author

Bakx, T. J. L. C., Dannerbauer, H., Frayer, D., Eales, S. A., Pérez-Fournon, I., Cai, Z. -Y., Clements, D. L., De Zotti, G., González-Nuevo, J., Ivison, R. J., Lapi, A., Michałowski, M. J., Negrello, M., Serjeant, S., Smith, M. W. L., Temi, P., Urquhart, S., and van der Werf, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Using the EMIR instrument on the IRAM 30m telescope, we conducted a spectroscopic redshift search of seven z$_{\rm phot}$ $\sim$ 4 sub-millimetre bright galaxies selected from the Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) sample with fluxes at 500 $\mu$m greater than 80 mJy. For four sources, we obtained spectroscopic redshifts between 3.4 < z < 4.1 through the detection of multiple CO-spectral lines with J $\leq$ 3. Later, we detected low-J transitions for two of these sources with the GBT including the CO(1-0) transition. For the remaining three sources, more data are needed to determine the spectroscopic redshift unambiguously. The measured CO luminosities and line widths suggest that all these sources are gravitationally lensed. These observations demonstrate that the 2 mm window is indispensable to confirm robust spectroscopic redshifts for z < 4 sources. Finally, we present an efficient graphical method to correctly identify spectroscopic redshifts., Comment: 20 Pages, 8 Figures + 7 Appendix Figures + 1 animated figure. Resubmitted in order to reflect the version as printed in MNRAS

Published
2020
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45. Stressor-Layer-Induced Elastic Strain Sharing in SrTiO3 Complex Oxide Sheets

Author

Tilka, J. A., Park, J., Ahn, Y., Pateras, A., Cai, Z., and Evans, P. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A precisely selected elastic strain can be introduced in submicron-thick single-crystal SrTiO3 sheets using a silicon nitride stressor layer. A conformal stressor layer deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition produces an elastic strain in the sheet consistent with the magnitude of the nitride residual stress. Synchrotron x-ray nanodiffraction reveals that the strain introduced in the SrTiO3 sheets is on the order of 10 4, matching the predictions of an elastic model. This approach to elastic strain sharing in complex oxides allows the strain to be selected within a wide and continuous range of values, an effect not achievable in heteroepitaxy on rigid substrates.

Published
2020
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46. Improvement Study of Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Al-Si Coated Hot Stamped Components

Author

Feng, Y., Huang, G. J., Song, H., Lu, H. Z., Gao, X., Ma, M. T., Cui, L., Deng, Z. G., Sun, Y. P., Li, K. J., Cao, P. G., Cai, Z. H., Liu, S., Xiao, Shengxiong, Editor-in-Chief, Bassir, David, Series Editor, Gao, Bingbing, Series Editor, Jiang, Yongchao, Series Editor, Li, Jia, Series Editor, Mazumdar, Sayantan, Series Editor, Sun, Qijun, Series Editor, Tang, Juntao, Series Editor, Xiong, Chuanyin, Series Editor, Xu, Hexiu, Series Editor, Yang, Jun, Series Editor, Zhang, Yisheng, editor, and Ma, Mingtu, editor

Published
2023
Full Text
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47. Combined SERS Microfluidic Chip with Gold Nanocone Array for Effective Early Lung Cancer Prognosis in Mice Model

Author

Qian Y, Gu Y, Deng J, Cai Z, Wang Y, Zhou R, Zhu D, Lu H, and Wang Z

Subjects
circulating tumor dna, surface-enhanced raman scattering, lung cancer, auncas, prognostic assessment, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Yayun Qian,1 Yuexing Gu,2 Jialin Deng,3 Zhaoying Cai,3 Yang Wang,3 Ruoyu Zhou,3 Dongxu Zhu,3 Hongmei Lu,4 Zheng Wang1 1Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zheng Wang; Yayun Qian, Email yzdxfsyywz@163.com; yyqian@yzu.edu.cnIntroduction: As the most common malignant tumor in the world, the prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer remains poor even after treatment. There are many prognostic marker assays available, but there is still more room for the development of high-throughput and sensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a spectroscopic detection method that has received wide attention in recent years, can achieve exponential amplification of Raman signals by using different metallic nanomaterials. Integrating SERS with signal amplification strategy into the microfluidic chip and applying it to ctDNA detection is expected to be an effective tool for the prognosis of lung cancer treatment effect in the future.Methods: To construct a high-throughput SERS microfluidic chip integrated with enzyme-assisted signal amplification (EASA) and catalytic hairpin self-assembly (CHA) signal amplification strategies, using hpDNA-functionalized Au nanocone arrays (AuNCAs) as capture substrates and cisplatin-treated lung cancer mice to simulate the detection environment for sensitive detection of ctDNA in serum of lung cancer patients after treatment.Results: The SERS microfluidic chip constructed by this scheme, with two reaction zones, can simultaneously and sensitively detect the concentrations of four prognostic ctDNAs in the serum of three lung cancer patients with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as the aM level. The results of the ELISA assay are consistent with this scheme, and its accuracy is guaranteed.Conclusion: This high-throughput SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of ctDNA. This could be a potential tool for prognostic assessment of lung cancer treatment efficacy in future clinical applications.Keywords: circulating tumor DNA, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, lung cancer, AuNCAs, prognostic assessment

Published
2023

50. Extragalactic astrophysics with next-generation CMB experiments

Author

De Zotti, G., Bonato, M., Negrello, M., Trombetti, T., Burigana, C., Herranz, D., López-Caniego, M., Cai, Z. -Y., Bonavera, L., and González-Nuevo, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Planck, SPT and ACT surveys have clearly demonstrated that Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, while optimised for cosmological measurements, have made important contributions to the field of extragalactic astrophysics in the last decade. Future CMB experiments have the potential to make even greater contributions. One example is the detection of high-z galaxies with extreme gravitational amplifications. The combination of flux boosting and of stretching of the images has allowed the investigation of the structure of galaxies at z ~3 with the astounding spatial resolution of about 60 pc. Another example is the detection of proto-clusters of dusty galaxies at high z when they may not yet possess the hot intergalactic medium allowing their detection in X-rays or via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Next generation CMB experiments, like PICO, CORE, CMB-Bharat from space and Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 from the ground, will discover several thousands of strongly lensed galaxies out to z~6 or more and of galaxy proto-clusters caught in the phase when their member galaxies where forming the bulk of their {stars. They will also detect tens of thousands of local dusty galaxies and thousands of radio sources at least up to z~5. Moreover they will measure the polarized emission of thousands of radio sources and of dusty galaxies at mm/sub-mm wavelengths., Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, section Cosmology

Published
2019

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