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OBJECTIVES: Calculation of measurement uncertainty is especially important for tests in which clinical decision levels have been determined. In this study, it is aimed to calculate the measurement uncertainty of procalcitonin, which is a sepsis marker, and to compare it with the total allowable error % (TEa%). MATERIALS and METHODS: Procalcitonin was analyzed with elecsys BRAHMS procalcitonin kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), which was manufactured to use immune analyzer Cobas e601 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). The calculation model defined in the Nordtest guide was used to determine the measurement uncertainty. The component of the intermediate precision of the measurement uncertainty was calculated using the last three months of internal quality control data. The component of the u(bias) was obtained from the past 12 months of external quality control data. The expanded uncertainty was calculated according to the 95% confidence interval by combining all components. RESULTS: Measurement uncertainty for procalcitonin was calculated as ± 10.24% at 95% confidence interval and it was not found to be higher than TEa% values (TEa%=20.3% for procalcitonin). CONCLUSIONS: It is thought that giving the result and the measurement uncertainty of procalcitonin used as a risk biomarker in severe sepsis will contribute to the clinicians in clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to find an effective and simple method by which outpatient hemodialysis can be performed using diffusion and ultrafiltration methods with different procedures on a model., Methods: A solution containing high-level urea and creatinine similar to the blood values of patients with chronic renal failure was used, with the expectation of clearing it as in hemodialysis using a model with the designed system. The product values at the beginning and end of the process were determined, and the cleaning rates were calculated., Results: The clearance rates obtained in the serum were 79.2% for urea and 93.7% for creatinine. Greater than 65% clearance rates were detected in all products except calcium and magnesium. Statistical significance was found in all products ( P < 0.05) except magnesium ( P = 0.065)., Conclusions: Using this method, we achieved a clearance rate greater than the desired clearance rates (65%) in hemodialysis., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)

Aim: Our aim is to measure asymmetric dimethyl arginine and nitric oxide levels in rats with induced unilateral acute ureteral obstruction to research the effects on the kidney., Material and Methods: The study included 21 adolescent (average age 6 weeks) Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing between 240-290g divided at random into 3 groups. Group-1: Control group (n=6): underwent no procedures. Group-2: Sham group (n=6): underwent the same procedures as the experimental group without ureter and psoas muscle dissection. Group-3: Group with induced partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (n=9). All rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and nitrite and nitrate salt levels were measured in renal tissue. Plasma nitrite-nitrate and ADMA levels were examined., Results: In the experimental group histopathological changes observed included renal pelvis dilatation, flattened papillae, sclerotic glomerulus and fibrosis. In the experimental group tissue SOD and blood ADMA levels were higher than the control and sham groups (p<0.05) while tissue NO and plasma NO values were lower than in the sham and control groups (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Oxidative stress and disruption of NO synthesis play an important role in renal function and histopathological changes after obstructive renal disease. To prevent renal complications developing after obstructive nephropathy we believe that a new strategy may be research on reducing ADMA.

Objective: To establish whether the Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA), a new parameter of oxidative stress, has diagnostic role in experimental acute pancreatitis., Study Design: Randomized controlled trial., Place and Duration of Study: Experimental Animal Center, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, from May to September 2013., Methodology: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=8 each): Sham and AP groups. AP was induced by ligation of pancreatic duct. Serum IMA, amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and CRP were determined. The severity of pancreatitis was scored by a blinded pathologist under microscope., Results: Serum IMA levels in the AP group increased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There was also a strong positive correlation between amylase and IMA levels., Conclusion: The present study showed in a rodent model that serum IMA might serve as an additional marker to monitor inflammation during pancreatitis.

Aim: We evaluated the relationship between increased intraocular pressure (IOP), ischemia-modified albumin levels in serum (IMA-s) and in humor aqueous (IMA-HA) in rabbits., Methods: Twenty-five albino New Zealand rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.8 kg were used in this pilot study. With permission from Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Animal Ethics Committee, the IOP of both eyes of each rabbit were recorded with a Tonopen (Tono-Pen XL, Reichart Inc., Depew, NY, USA) after the application of topical proparacaine 0.5% HCl anesthesia. Blood (4 mL) was collected from the marginal ear vein and an intracameral injection of 2.3 mg/mL sodium hyaluronate and subconjunctival dexamethasone was given in the right eye. Anterior chamber aqueous fluid was obtained using a limbal approach with a 27 gauge needle from both eyes. The left eyes were used as controls. IOP was measured on the 1(st), 3(rd) and 10(th) day after the initial injection, with Tonopen, IMA-s levels and IMA-HA examined simultaneously., Results: Before the injections, IOP was 11.4±3.0 mm Hg in the right eye and 11.3±3.1 mm Hg in the left eye (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between IMA-s levels before the IOP increase (IMA-s0) and IMA-s levels on the 1(st) and 3(rd) days after the increase in IOP (P=0.012 and P=0.01, respectively). No difference was observed between IMA-s0 and serum IMA levels on the 10(th) day (IMA-s10) after IOP increase (P=0.989). IMA-HA in the right eye in the first day after the injection was positively correlated with IOP (r=0.748; P=0.02). No other correlation is found between any other parameter with IMA-HA levels at any test time. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between IMA-s values and IOP on the 1(st) and 3(rd) days (r=0.398, P=0.04 and r=0.382, P=0.04, respectively). There was no correlation between IMA-s levels and increased IOP on the 10(th) day after IOP increase (r=0.026, P=0.902)., Conclusion: IMA may be an important indicator of acute damage caused by diseases involving ischemic damage to the eye, especially in case of increased intraocular pressure.

Purpose: To detect the genotoxic effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) -magnetic fields (MF) on oxidative DNA base modifications [8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde)] in rat leucocytes, measured following exposure to ELF-MF., Materials and Methods: After exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 100 and 500 microT, for 2 hours/day during 10 months), DNA was extracted, and measurement of DNA lesions was achieved by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)., Results: Levels of FapyAde, FapyGua and 8OHdG in DNA were increased by both 100 microT and 500 microT ELF-MF as compared to a cage-control and a sham group; however, statistical significance was observed only in the group exposed to 100 microT., Conclusion: This is the first study to report that ELF-MF exposure generates oxidatively induced DNA base modifications which are mutagenic in mammalian cells, such as FapyGua, FapyAde and 8-OH-Gua, in vivo. This may explain previous studies showing DNA damage and genomic instability. These findings support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to 50-Hz MF may be potentially genotoxic. However, the intensity of ELF-MF has an important influence on the extent of DNA damage.