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Geographical origin assessment of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is recognised worldwide as raising consumers' awareness of product authenticity and the need to protect top-quality products. The need for geographical origin assessment is also related to mandatory legislation and/or the obligations of true labelling in some countries. Nevertheless, official methods for such specific authentication of EVOOs are still missing. Among the analytical techniques useful for certification of geographical origin, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS), combined with chemometrics, have been widely used. This review considers published works describing the use of these analytical methods, supported by statistical protocols such as multivariate analysis (MVA), for EVOO origin assessment. The research has shown that some specific countries, generally corresponding to the main worldwide producers, are more interested than others in origin assessment and certification. Some specific producers such as Italian EVOO producers may have been focused on this area because of consumers' interest and/or intrinsic economical value, as testified also by the national concern on the topic. Both NMR- and MS-based approaches represent a mature field where a general validation method for EVOOs geographic origin assessment could be established as a reference recognised procedure.

Contemporary societies are affected by profound and often disruptive changes leading to socio-economic turbulence. The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of such changes. Gaining a deeper understanding of how society-based responses – such as social innovation – work during turbulent times is of increased significance. This paper carries out a systematically conducted literature review on the forms of social innovation arisen during the first year of the pandemic. Based upon our findings, areas for middle range theorizing on how social innovation works under conditions of turbulence and a prospective research agenda are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofits are increasingly involved in collaborative governance mechanisms, on the premise that their proximity to end users and better understanding of the local contexts can lead to better policy outcomes. Although government–nonprofit relations have been theorized and explored by several studies, few studies have examined specifically collaborative governance, instead focusing on other phases of policy development or service delivery. In this article, we present a realist evaluation of data gathered from in-depth semi-structured interviews (N = 41) and four focus groups with stakeholders involved in collaborative governance arrangements within "Strategic Public Social Partnerships" in Scotland. Our findings indicate that collaborative governance processes involving nonprofits can potentially lead to improved services through mechanisms such as the development of trust and the establishment of new learning dynamics, and when knowledgeable leadership and mutuality drive collaborations. However, this is only true if the long-term sustainability of these processes translates into the mainstreaming of both the resulting services and their underlying collaborative principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work in children's geographies and geographies of education has presented the argument that when conceptualising the various roles that adults occupy in children's lives, it is equally important to conceptualise adultism. In this paper we argue that this existing work critiques adultism's logics but does not adequately conceptualise adultism's structural and scalar spatialities. We reconceptualise adultism as a structural and scalar phenomenon by examining our case study of a community music programme designed to reconnect children with their 'learning identities'. We borrow the spatial metaphor of 'chains' from human geography's postcapitalist literature to highlight how adultism structurally pervades this space of resistance, underscoring the more broadly applicable point that practices of resistance that fail to address adultism's co-creative relationships with other structures of domination can end-up reasserting adultist relations. However, towards the end of the paper we argue that this reconceptualisation of adultism does not mean community music (or other critical pedagogies) should be abandoned, rather illustrating how the organisation in our case study innovate in order to address adultism's structural and scalar facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiles of monovarietal olive oils obtained from Arbequina and Koroneiki, which are typically present in the Mediterranean basin and grown in Spain and Greece, respectively. Micro-milled oils were obtained from olives harvested both in their cultivar home countries (Spain and Greece) and in Italy. Investigations by 1H NMR metabolic profiling were carried out to develop a strategy for the correct interpretation of differences based on geographical origins. The NMR Spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) revealed significant differences in fatty acids profile as well as the unsaponifiable fraction, not only according to the cultivars but also to the specific geographical origin of the olives used. In particular, the oils from Spain were higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content than those from Italy. Conversely, the Italian oils of Koroneiki showed higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) than Greek oils. Regarding the Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs) minor fraction, for both cultivars, the olive oils obtained using olives harvested in Italy were characterized by higher relative content of phenolic compounds. It was found that each of the investigated cultivars (Arbequina and Koroneiki), very popular in super high density (SHD) planting systems, assumed a specific well-characterized metabolic EVOO profile when the olives are harvested in Italy. These results may contribute to extending and enforcing available literature data on 1H NMR-based chemometric models as powerful tools for EVOOs geographical origin discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centrality of the third sector in the co-production of public services is seemingly based on the assumption that it can act as an effective proxy for service users. However, the third sector encompasses a broad range of organisational forms, interests and governance arrangements, which all have implications for the type and nature of relationships between the sector and its constituencies. Through analysis of empirical data drawn from research on a prominent co-production model in Scotland, we construct and present a typology of different approaches to service user involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, social enterprise has been introduced into a competitive market-oriented environment as a substitute for publicly owned services, particularly in healthcare. In the United Kingdom, evidence for this move seems to derive from case studies where social enterprise operates in collaboration - as opposed to competition - with publicly owned services. Our systematic review demonstrates that there is no evidence to support the role of social enterprise as a substitute for publicly owned services. However, there is evidence to show that where social enterprise operates in a collaborative environment, enhanced outcomes can be achieved, such as connectedness, well-being and self-confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]