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Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between perinatal risk factors and suicidal ideation and attempts in young adults in Pelotas, Brazil., Methods: The data were collected from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort study. Every pregnant woman who gave birth in one of the hospitals in Pelotas Brazil in 1993 was invited to participate in the study. The current study uses perinatal data collected in 1993, and follow-ups at ages 18 and 22. The primary outcome was lifetime suicide attempts with past month suicide ideation a secondary outcome. The association between perinatal predictors and suicidal ideation or lifetime suicide attempts was investigated using hierarchical logistic regression., Findings: There was an analytic sample size of 3493. The perinatal factors association with lifetime suicide attempts were sex (OR = 2.25 CI: 1.76-2.89), paternal education at birth (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.36-0.99), maternal education (9-11 years OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.41-5.59, & 0-8 years OR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.07-4.58), support from friends or neighbors at birth (OR = 0.36 95%CI: 0.17-0.77), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.79). Patterns of associations were broadly similar with suicidal ideation. Interactions between sex and the perinatal factors paternal education, maternal education, smoking and support from friends were assessed and found to be not significant., Conclusion: Several factors during the perinatal period are associated with risk of lifetime suicide attempts and ideation in young adults in Brazil. Early-life factors associated with suicide-related concerns in early adulthood were similar to those observed in studies from high-income settings.

This study aimed to investigate alternative approaches to a cumulative risk score in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and crime. Using data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort (n = 3236), we measured 12 ACEs up to 15 years, and past-year violent and non-violent crime at 22 years. We used four analytical approaches: single adversities, cumulative risk, latent class analysis, and network analysis. When examined individually, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and domestic violence were associated with both crime outcomes, whereas maternal mental illness and discrimination were associated with violent crime only, and parental divorce and poverty with non-violent crime only. There was a cumulative effect of ACEs on crime. The class with child maltreatment and household challenges was associated with both crime outcomes; exposure to household challenges and social risks was associated with violent crime only. In network models, crime showed conditional associations with physical abuse, maternal mental illness, and parental divorce. Although cumulative ACEs did associate with crime, some individual and combinations of ACEs showed particularly strong and robust effects, which were not captured by the cumulative score. Many ACEs are closely connected and/or cluster together, and the usefulness of the ACE score needs to be further evaluated., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Suicide is the second most common cause of death among young individuals (10-25 years). The risk of first occurrence of suicidal behavior increases significantly at the start of adolescence, highlighting the importance of research regarding the association between early life factors, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and suicidal behaviors., Objective: To assess if ACEs are prospectively associated with lifetime suicide attempt and suicidal thoughts at young adulthood., Participants and Setting: Data from 3050 young adults from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort., Methods: Discrimination (of any type), financial hardship, maternal common mental disorders (CMD - SRQ-20), parental death, parental divorce and physical abuse were assessed at the 11-year follow-up. Data regarding suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt was assessed at 22 years with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version 5.0. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were estimated., Results: In the adjusted model, those who suffered financial hardship (OR 2.51; 95 % CI 1.66-3.79), parental divorce (OR 1.44; 95 % CI 1.02-2.04) and maternal CMD (OR 1.72; 95 % CI 1.21-2.46) at 11 years were more likely to report suicidal thoughts at 22 years. Also, those who experienced financial hardship (OR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.13-2.58), physical abuse (OR 1.48; 95 % CI 1.08-2.04), discrimination (OR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.20-2.51), maternal CMD (OR 1.67; 95 % CI 1.20-2.32), or parental divorce (OR 1.41; 95 % CI 1.02-1.94) were more likely to report a lifetime suicide attempt., Conclusion: There was a strong association between financial hardship, maternal CMD and divorce during childhood, and suicidal thoughts, such as suicidal ideation or planning, at the beginning of adulthood. Financial hardship, discrimination, divorce, maternal CMD and physical abuse were associated with suicide attempt. These findings demonstrate that mental health support must be available following certain ACEs during childhood, alongside with ACEs prevention. More research is needed on the association between discrimination and suicide attempts, differentiating the nature and impact of each type of discrimination., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)