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We are grateful to Sato and Koyhama (2024, hereafter SK24) for their meticulous analysis of the relationship between temperature and home runs in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Using data from 2005 to 2023 across 12 NPB stadiums, the authors show two key findings: first, that warmer gameday temperatures are associated with additional home runs in that game; and second, this effect is only present in open-air stadiums (i.e., those stadiums where gameplay is exposed to ambient air temperatures) but not in stadiums with domes. Both of these results are consistent with our findings on the relationship between temperature and home runs in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada over 1962-2019 (Callahan et al. 2023). Of particular note is how similar the magnitude of the temperature-home run relationship is across both studies. Across all of their stadiums and observations in NPB, SK24 show a linear relationship whereby a 1[degrees]C increase in gameday temperature is associated with 0.014 additional home runs per game. A similar linear regression applied to our data from MLB yields an effect of 0.017 additional home runs per game per 1[degrees]C. That the magnitudes are so similar suggests a shared physical mechanism at work, most likely that air density declines with warmer temperatures, leading to lower drag and therefore farther carry for a batted ball. One limitation of both studies is that neither directly analyze wind speed or direction. Winds certainly affect the likelihood that a given fly ball becomes a home run, but they can vary substantially over the course of a game and even at different locations within the same ballpark. As a result, high-quality long-term data on winds at baseball stadiums tend to be more limited than data on gameday temperatures. As research in this area develops, future work may be able to integrate wind and temperature information to assess their independent and potentially interacting effects on home runs. Finally, a key contrast among the studies concerns the long-term trends in temperature and home runs. In contrast to MLB, SK24 show that NPB has not exhibited a long-term increase in home runs over time, despite global warming. In both leagues, changes in home runs are likely driven more by factors such as changes in the properties of the baseball and player skill than by trends in temperature. Indeed, in our analysis, we attributed only a 1% increase in MLB home runs to global warming over 2010-19. However, as fossil fuel emissions continue to rise, the influence of temperature on home runs could become stronger relative to these other factors in both MLB and NPB. Unless fossil fuel emissions are reduced or adaptive measures are taken, climate change may become an increasingly important factor in shaping sports, their gameplay, and their fans not just in North America and Japan, but globally. KEYWORDS: Climate; Anthropogenic effects/forcing; Climate change, References Callahan, C. W., N. J. Dominy, J. M. DeSilva, and J. S. Mankin, 2023: Global warming, home runs, and the future of America's pastime. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 104, [...]

IntroductionA national consensus panel was convened to develop recommendations on future directions for home-based dementia care (HBDC).MethodsThe panel summarized advantages and challenges of shifting to HBDC as the nexus of care and developed consensus-based recommendations.ResultsThe panel developed five core recommendations: (1) HBDC should be considered the nexus of new dementia models, from diagnosis to end of life in dementia; (2) new payment models are needed to support HBDC and reward integration of care; (3) a diverse new workforce that spans the care continuum should be prepared urgently; (4) new technologies to promote communication, monitoring/safety, and symptoms management must be tested, integrated, and deployed; and (5) targeted dissemination efforts for HBDC must be employed.DiscussionHBDC represents a promising paradigm shift to improve care for those living with dementia and their family caregivers: these recommendations provide a framework to chart a course forward for HBDC.

This National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention Workshop was cosponsored by the NIH Office of Disease Prevention (ODP), the NIH Pain Consortium, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. A multidisciplinary working group developed the workshop agenda, and an evidence-based practice center prepared an evidence report through a contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to facilitate the workshop discussion. During the 1.5-day workshop, invited experts discussed the body of evidence, and attendees had opportunities to provide comments during open discussion periods. After weighing evidence from the evidence report, expert presentations, and public comments, an unbiased, independent panel prepared a draft report that identified research gaps and future research priorities. The report was posted on the ODP Web site for 2 weeks for public comment. This article is an abridged version of the panel's full report, which is available at https://prevention.nih.gov/programs-events/pathways-to-prevention/workshops/opioids-chronic-pain/workshop-resources#final report.

A recent National Academies report recommended that health systems invest in new infrastructure to integrate social and medical care. Although many health systems routinely screen patients for social concerns, few health systems achieve the recommended model of integration. In this critical case study in an urban safety net health system, we describe the human capital, operational redesign, and financial investment needed to implement the National Academy recommendations. Using data from this case study, we estimate that other health systems seeking to build and maintain this infrastructure would need to invest $1 million to $3 million per year. While health systems with robust existing resources may be able to bootstrap short-term funding to initiate this work, we conclude that long-term investments by insurers and other payers will be necessary for most health systems to achieve the recommended integration of medical and social care. Researchers seeking to test whether integrating social and medical care leads to better patient and population outcomes require access to health systems and communities who have already invested in this model infrastructure. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(6):619–625. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307602) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]