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3. First successful reduction of clinical allergenicity of food by genetic modification:Mal d 1-silenced apples cause fewer allergy symptoms than the wild-type cultivar

Author

Dubois, A E J, Pagliarani, G, Brouwer, R M, Kollen, B J, Dragsted, Lars Ove, Eriksen, F D, Callesen, O, Gilissen, L J W J, Krens, F A, Visser, R G F, Smulders, M J M, Vlieg-Boerstra, B J, Flokstra-de Blok, B J, van de Weg, W E, Dubois, A E J, Pagliarani, G, Brouwer, R M, Kollen, B J, Dragsted, Lars Ove, Eriksen, F D, Callesen, O, Gilissen, L J W J, Krens, F A, Visser, R G F, Smulders, M J M, Vlieg-Boerstra, B J, Flokstra-de Blok, B J, and van de Weg, W E

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Genetic modification of allergenic foods such as apple has the potential to reduce their clinical allergenicity, but this has never been studied by oral challenges in allergic individuals.METHODS: We performed oral food challenges in 21 apple-allergic individuals with Elstar apples which had undergone gene silencing of the major allergen of apple, Mal d 1, by RNA interference. Downregulation of Mal d 1 gene expression in the apples was verified by qRT-PCR. Clinical responses to the genetically modified apples were compared to those seen with the wild-type Elstar using a visual analogue scale (VAS).RESULTS: Gene silencing produced two genetically modified apple lines expressing Mal d 1.02 and other Mal d 1 gene mRNA levels which were extensively downregulated, that is only 0.1-16.4% (e-DR1) and 0.2-9.9% (e-DR2) of those of the wild-type Elstar, respectively. Challenges with these downregulated apple lines produced significantly less intense maximal symptoms to the first dose (Vmax1) than with Elstar (Vmax1 Elstar 3.0 mm vs 0.0 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043), as well as significantly less intense mean symptoms per dose (meanV/d) than with Elstar (meanV/d Elstar 2.2 mm vs 0.2 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043). Only one subject (5%) remained symptom-free when challenged with the Elstar apple, whereas 43% did so with e-DR1 and 63% with e-DR2.CONCLUSION: These data show that mRNA silencing of Mal d 1 results in a marked reduction of Mal d 1 gene expression in the fruit and reduction of symptoms when these apples are ingested by allergic subjects. Approximately half of the subjects developed no symptoms whatsoever, and virtually all subjects wished to consume the apple again in the future.

Published
2015

4. First successful reduction of clinical allergenicity of food by genetic modification: Mal d 1 silenced apples cause fewer allergy symptoms than the wild-type cultivar

Author

Dubois, A.E.J., Pagliarani, G., Brouwer, R.M., Kollen, B.J., Dragsted, L.O., Eriksen, F.D., Callesen, O., Gilissen, L.J.W.J., Krens, F.A., Visser, R.G.F., Smulders, M.J.M., Vlieg-Boerstra, B.J., Flokstra-de Blok, B.J., van de Weg, W.E., Dubois, A.E.J., Pagliarani, G., Brouwer, R.M., Kollen, B.J., Dragsted, L.O., Eriksen, F.D., Callesen, O., Gilissen, L.J.W.J., Krens, F.A., Visser, R.G.F., Smulders, M.J.M., Vlieg-Boerstra, B.J., Flokstra-de Blok, B.J., and van de Weg, W.E.

Abstract

Background Genetic modification of allergenic foods such as apple has the potential to reduce their clinical allergenicity, but this has never been studied by oral challenges in allergic individuals. Methods We performed oral food challenges in 21 apple-allergic individuals with Elstar apples which had undergone gene silencing of the major allergen of apple, Mal d 1, by RNA interference. Downregulation of Mal d 1 gene expression in the apples was verified by qRT-PCR. Clinical responses to the genetically modified apples were compared to those seen with the wild-type Elstar using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Gene silencing produced two genetically modified apple lines expressing Mal d 1.02 and other Mal d 1 gene mRNA levels which were extensively downregulated, that is only 0.1–16.4% (e-DR1) and 0.2–9.9% (e-DR2) of those of the wild-type Elstar, respectively. Challenges with these downregulated apple lines produced significantly less intense maximal symptoms to the first dose (Vmax1) than with Elstar (Vmax1 Elstar 3.0 mm vs 0.0 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043), as well as significantly less intense mean symptoms per dose (meanV/d) than with Elstar (meanV/d Elstar 2.2 mm vs 0.2 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043). Only one subject (5%) remained symptom-free when challenged with the Elstar apple, whereas 43% did so with e-DR1 and 63% with e-DR2. Conclusion These data show that mRNA silencing of Mal d 1 results in a marked reduction of Mal d 1 gene expression in the fruit and reduction of symptoms when these apples are ingested by allergic subjects. Approximately half of the subjects developed no symptoms whatsoever, and virtually all subjects wished to consume the apple again in the future.

Published
2015

5. First successful reduction of clinical allergenicity of food by genetic modification:Mal d 1-silenced apples cause fewer allergy symptoms than the wild-type cultivar

Author

Dubois, A. E. J., primary, Pagliarani, G., additional, Brouwer, R. M., additional, Kollen, B. J., additional, Dragsted, L. O., additional, Eriksen, F. D., additional, Callesen, O., additional, Gilissen, L. J. W. J., additional, Krens, F. A., additional, Visser, R. G. F., additional, Smulders, M. J. M., additional, Vlieg-Boerstra, B. J., additional, Flokstra-de Blok, B. J., additional, and van de Weg, W. E., additional

Published
2015
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6. Results of two international cherry rootstock trials

Author

Werheim, S.J., Balkhoven, J.M.T., Callesen, O., Claverie, J., Ystaas, J., Verstrheim, S., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de recherches Espèces Fruitières et Vigne (UREFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GRIOTTIER, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1998

7. Perennial weeds in organic arable farming – challenges & dilemmas

Author

Lund, M., Larsen, T.U., Thøgersen, J.O., Christensen, S., Børsting, C., Plauborg, F., Munkholm, L.J., Olesen, J.E., Callesen, O., Askegaard, M., Hansen, J.G., Hvelplund, T., Rasmussen, I.A., Lund, M., Larsen, T.U., Thøgersen, J.O., Christensen, S., Børsting, C., Plauborg, F., Munkholm, L.J., Olesen, J.E., Callesen, O., Askegaard, M., Hansen, J.G., Hvelplund, T., and Rasmussen, I.A.

Abstract

Long-term control of perennial weeds create a challenge in organic farming, especially in ar-able farming. Perennial weeds are most often controlled by tillage, often stubble tillage after harvest of cereals or short-term tillage during the summer (Melander et al., 2005). Tillage leads to increased leaching of nutrients (Askegaard et al., 2005), which is unacceptable for the environment and in turn renders the succeeding crop less competitive compared to the peren-nial weeds – thus initiating a vicious circle.

Published
2007

8. Drip irrigation increases marketable yield and water use efficiency of potatoes

Author

Lund, M., Larsen, T.U., Thøgersen, J.O., Christensen, S., Børsting, C., Plauborg, F., Munkholm, L.J., Olesen, J.E., Callesen, O., Askegaard, M., Hansen, J.G., Hvelplund, T., Plauborg, Finn, Andersen, Mathias Neumann, Iversen, Bo Vangsø, Lærke, Poul Erik, Heidmann, Tove, Shahnazari, Ali, Liu, Fulai, Lund, M., Larsen, T.U., Thøgersen, J.O., Christensen, S., Børsting, C., Plauborg, F., Munkholm, L.J., Olesen, J.E., Callesen, O., Askegaard, M., Hansen, J.G., Hvelplund, T., Plauborg, Finn, Andersen, Mathias Neumann, Iversen, Bo Vangsø, Lærke, Poul Erik, Heidmann, Tove, Shahnazari, Ali, and Liu, Fulai

Published
2007

29. INCOMING ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND PHOTOINACTIVATION AS A FUNCTION OF LIGHT INTERCEPTION IN PEACH LEAVES

Author

Marco Zibordi, Pasquale Losciale, Brunella Morandi, L. Corelli Grappadelli, Wah Soon Chow, E. Pierpaoli, Luigi Manfrini, D'Onghia A.,Bonany J.,Callesen O.,Corelli Grappadelli L.,Caruso T.,Batlle I, P. Losciale, B. Morandi, L. Manfrini, M. Zibordi, E. Pierpaoli, L. C. Grappadelli, and W. Chow

Subjects
Photochemistry, Chemistry, Energy management, Quenching partitioning, Botany, Shading net, Function (mathematics), Photosynthesis, Horticulture, Interception, Xanthophylls cycle
Abstract

Orchard yields are a function of the light intercepted, although this linear relation is less tight when greater than 50% of available light is intercepted. Above this level, light exceeds photosynthetic requirements and can expose leaves to photoinhibition. The "asymmetric" peach orchard was designed and planted to obtain in the field six different light intensities at any time of the day and three daily light interception profiles: low (C), middle (E) and high (W). This paper reports on how incoming light energy is managed in attached leaves subjected to several radiative regimes along the day. Combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (quenching analysis) were performed during the day to quantify the absorbed energy used for net photosynthesis and that dissipated by the photoprotective mechanisms. In addition, the amount of inactive PSII after one day of irradiation was calculated via chlorophyll fluorescence determination. Net photosynthesis was linearly related to irradiance up to a saturating point of 1000-1200 μmol photon m-2 s-1. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) played the most important role in photoprotection, but its activity was reduced at low irradiance, possibly due to a sub-optimal trans-thylakoid ΔpH. The non-net carboxylative mechanisms (NC) were the main photoprotective mechanisms at middle-low irradiance levels and probably facilitated the establishment of the trans-thylakoid ΔpH needed for full activation of NPQ. At the end of the photosynthetic period the amount of inactive PSII was the highest in W followed by E and C samples. In addition, daily carbon accumulation did not reflect the light interception ranking, with E having the highest, and W the lowest. These findings support the conclusion that under irradiances exceeding the photosynthetic requirements, photoprotection and photoinactivation biochemistries divert energy in the form of carbohydrates and reducing power from tree growth and productivity. The amounts of these losses can be significant.

Published
2012

30. On the role of research in society

Author

Mikkelsen, Søren A, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

31. Evaluation of site-specific fertilization approaches

Author

Schelde, Kirsten, Thomsen, Anton, Olesen, Svend Elsnab, Hørfarter, Rita, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

34. BioConcens:Biomass and bioenergy production in organic agriculture - consequences for soil fertility, environment, spread of animal parasites and socio-economy

Author

Jensen, E S, Ambus, P, Dalgaard, Tommy, Johansen, A, Jørgensen, Uffe, Hauggaard-Nielsen, H, Nielsen, Anders Michael, Nielsen, L H, Olesen, Jørgen E, Roepstorff, A, Skytte, K, Smith, J E, Thomsen, A B, Thomsen, M H, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

37. ICT for supply chains of fruits and vegetables

Author

Jensen, Allan Leck, Thysen, Iver, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thørgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

38. PlanteInfo - trends and perspectives after 10 years

Author

Iver Thysen, Allan Leck Jensen, Jens Grønbech Hansen, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

39. Double sensor approach to crop monitoring

Author

Thomsen, Anton, Schelde, Kirsten, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Published
2007

41. The role of soil science in optimization of soil resource management

Author

Per Schjønning, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, and Hvelplund, T

Subjects
Systems research and participatory research, Soil quality
Abstract

Soils in the Nordic countries are threatened, primarily by erosion, compaction, and loss of OM. The EU Soil Thematic Strategy has suggested a Framework for implementation of tools to counteract the threats to a sustained soil quality. Soil scientists should take part in this process and accept the need to do so in a close cooperation with stakeholders and fellow col-leagues in related scientific branches. The diversity of soils calls for the development of GIS-based tools to identify the best strategy at given locations. An isolated focus on soil quality indicators in monitoring programmes is strongly discouraged.

Published
2007

47. Strategies for a diversified organic pork production - an upcoming project

Author

Anne Grete Kongsted, John Erik Hermansen, Chris Claudi-Magnussen, Bent Hindrup Andersen, Helle Frank Jensen, Lund, M, Larsen, T U, Thøgersen, J O, Christensen, S, Børsting, C, Plauborg, F, Munkholm, L J, Olesen, J E, Callesen, O, Askegaard, M, Hansen, J G, Hvelplund, T, Lund, Mogens, Larsen, Torben Ulf, Thøgersen, Jens Ole, Christensen, Svend, Børsting, Christian, Plauborg, Finn, Munkholm, Lars J., Olesen, Jørgen E., Callesen, Ole, Askegaard, Margrethe, Hansen, Jens Grønbech, and Hvelplund, Torben

Subjects
food and beverages, Pigs
Abstract

The objective of this project is to identify strategies for a diversified organic pork production with superior sensory quality based on pigs foraging in the cropping system. Three categories of slaughter pigs (young entire male pigs, female pigs of more than 100 kg and first parity sows) will be investigated and a traditional breed will be compared with a modern crossbred.

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