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Native to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, cambuci fruits can be consumed either in natura or in the processed form, and cambuci trees can be used to recover degraded areas. However, studies regarding cambuci germination and seedling development are scarce. The main aim of this study was to understand how different substrates and containers influence the growth of cambuci seedlings. To this end, two experiments were conducted: five different substrates were tested in the first experiment, and based on the multivariate analysis of the first experiment, the effect of combination of the best-performing substrates and three commonly employed plant growth containers on seedling development was investigated. Overall, good quality cambuci seedlings were obtained when they were grown in the commercial pine bark substrate and peat and perlite mixture in a 260 cm3 container. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literature is lacking regarding the vegetative propagation of the cambuci tree (Campomanesia phaea O. Berg Landrum). This study aimed to verify the efficiency of cutting techniques via the assessment of cuttings of varying types and sizes, sampling dates, and the influence of treatments containing plant growth regulator indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with the antioxidant ascorbic acid across different immersion times. The species was found not to develop adventitious roots easily, and hence, the herbaceous and woody stem materials were subjected to histochemical studies to elucidate their anatomical and physiological processes. To this end, plant material was polymerized in glycol methacrylate resin, cut into sections, and stained using toluidine blue (0.05%) or via histochemical staining with PAS/naphthol blue black. Anatomical analysis of plant structures revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and sclerenchyma tissue, which in turn are expected to negatively impact the development of adventitious roots.

Current literature is lacking regarding the vegetative propagation of the cambuci tree (Campomanesia phaea O. Berg Landrum). This study aimed to verify the efficiency of cutting techniques via the assessment of cuttings of varying types and sizes, sampling dates, and the influence of treatments containing plant growth regulator indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with the antioxidant ascorbic acid across different immersion times. The species was found not to develop adventitious roots easily, and hence, the herbaceous and woody stem materials were subjected to histochemical studies to elucidate their anatomical and physiological processes. To this end, plant material was polymerized in glycol methacrylate resin, cut into sections, and stained using toluidine blue (0.05%) or via histochemical staining with PAS/naphthol blue black. Anatomical analysis of plant structures revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and sclerenchyma tissue, which in turn are expected to negatively impact the development of adventitious roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a dinâmica da estruturação produtiva do município de Cambuci, em seu contexto regional, o Noroeste Fluminense, da segunda metade do século XIX até 1920. Tomando a História Ambiental como fio condutor, analisa-se o papel da cana-de-açúcar, do café e da pecuária na configuração territorial dessa região, com base em dados censitários e em informações do jornal Almanak Laemmert. A partir daí, busca-se compreender os impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais dessas práticas agropecuárias e sua estreita relação com a malha ferroviária que ali se constituiu e também contribuiu para o desenvolvimento local. Tudo isso à custa de um passivo ambiental elevado, marcado, atualmente, na paisagem da região.

The fruits belonging to the family Myrtaceae are known sources of compounds with functional characteristics. Nevertheless, the studies are focused only on some species of this family. In this sense, we aimed to quantify the bioactive compounds present in the pulps of cambuci, feijoa, uvaia and grumixama; to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of each one and to correlate the contribution of these bioactive compounds with the antioxidant activity of each fruit pulp. For this, the compounds ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and flavonoids were quantified for the pulps of cambuci, feijoa, uvaia, and grumixama, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity by the methods DPPH and ABTS. The results were evaluated by multivariate statistical techniques. The pulps present good antioxidant potential, the one from cambuci presented the highest values for antioxidant activity given by the method DPPH (61.86 μg of Trolox g-1), that from uvaia was prominent by the presence of ascorbic acid (85.40 ascorbic acid 100 g-1) and that from feijoa, by the flavonoid contents (62.45 mg quercetin g-1) and phenolic compounds (10.21 mg gallic acid equivalent g–1). A correlation was observed between pulp antioxidant capacity and the contents of ascorbic acid and carotenoids; on the other hand, the phenolic compounds and flavonoids little contributed for the anti-free radical activity of the methods DPPH and ABTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruits belonging to the family Myrtaceae are known sources of compounds with functional characteristics. Nevertheless, the studies are focused only on some species of this family. In this sense, we aimed to quantify the bioactive compounds present in the pulps of cambuci, feijoa, uvaia and grumixama; to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of each one and to correlate the contribution of these bioactive compounds with the antioxidant activity of each fruit pulp. For this, the compounds ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and flavonoids were quantified for the pulps of cambuci, feijoa, uvaia, and grumixama, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity by the methods DPPH and ABTS. The results were evaluated by multivariate statistical techniques. The pulps present good antioxidant potential, the one from cambuci presented the highest values for antioxidant activity given by the method DPPH (61.86 μg of Trolox g-1), that from uvaia was prominent by the presence of ascorbic acid (85.40 ascorbic acid 100 g-1) and that from feijoa, by the flavonoid contents (62.45 mg quercetin g-1) and phenolic compounds (10.21 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1). A correlation was observed between pulp antioxidant capacity and the contents of ascorbic acid and carotenoids; on the other hand, the phenolic compounds and flavonoids little contributed for the anti-free radical activity of the methods DPPH and ABTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este ensayo fotográfico es parte de un proyecto personal en curso sobre el barrio de Cambuci, São Paulo. Conocido por ser un barrio histórico de la ciudad, presento un relato libre a partir de mi propia experiencia como moradora. Escenas cotidianas son observadas y registradas con anotaciones textuales y fotografías realizadas con una cámara análoga.

A crescente demanda do mercado de pimentas tem impulsionado o aumento da área cultivada no Brasil anualmente, no Nordeste brasileiro esse cultivo vem sendo feito não apenas em hortas caseiras para o consumo doméstico, como também em áreas comerciais que abastecem o mercado local e externo. Diante disso objetivou-se verificar os efeitos da utilização da adubação orgânica no cultivo de espécies de pimenta no intuito de possibilitar aos agricultores desenvolverem sua produção utilizando-se de práticas onde produtos alternativos e de baixo custo econômico e ambiental disponíveis em suas propriedades como é o caso da urina de vaca que pode ser utilizados como fertilizante além de possuir outras propriedades favoráveis a este cultivo. Foram usadas as espécies Cambuci, Dedo-de-moça, Bode Amarela e as proporções de urina de vaca utilizadas nas pulverizações foram de 1 a 5%. As variáveis analisadas foram à altura, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca do caule das plantas após a semeadura. A dosagem de urina nas concentrações a partir de 2%, 4% e 5% obtiveram médias maiores de alturas que nas demais concentrações exercendo maior influência sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas. No diâmetro do caule verificou-se um desenvolvimento maior nas aplicações com concentração de urina aplicada a 4%, 5%. E na matéria seca os melhores resultados foram obtidos nas plantas que receberam adubação com urina a 3 a 5% na maioria das amostras indicando que os melhores efeitos foram atingidos nas maiores concentrações. Development of pepper species on effect of doses of cow urine Abstract: The growing demand of the peppers market has driven the increase of cultivated area in Brazil annually, in the Brazilian Northeast this cultivation has been done not only in home gardens for domestic consumption, as well as in commercial gardens that supply the local and foreign markets. Therefore, it was decided to observe the effects of the use of organic fertilization on the cultivation of peppers in order to enable farmers to develop their production using practices where alternative products and low economic and environmental cost available on their properties as is the case of Cow urine that can be used as fertilizer besides possessing other properties favorable to this crop. The species Cambuci, Finger, Yellow Goat and the proportions of cow urine used in spraying were 1 to 5%.The analyzed variables were the height, stem diameter and dry matter of the stem of the plants after sowing. Urine dosage at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 5% obtained higher mean values of heights than the other concentrations exerting greater influence on the development of plants. In the diameter of the stem a greater development was observed in the applications with concentration of urine applied to 4%, 5%. And in the dry matter the best results were obtained in the plants that received fertilization with 3 to 5% urine in the majority of the samples indicating that the best effects were reached in the highest concentrations.

Bees are the most important diurnal pollinators of angiosperms. In several groups of bees a nocturnal/crepuscular habit developed, yet little is known about their role in pollination and whether some plants are adapted specifically to these bees. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the reproductive biology and to understand the role of nocturnal/crepuscular bees in pollination of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae), popularly named cambuci., We studied the floral biology and breeding system of C. phaea. We collected the floral visitors and tested the pollinators' effectiveness. We also determined the floral scents released at night and during daytime, and studied behavioural responses of crepuscular/nocturnal bees towards these scents., The flowers of cambuci were self-incompatible and had pollen as the only resource for flower visitors. Anthesis lasted around 14 h, beginning at 04:30 h at night. The flowers released 14 volatile compounds, mainly aliphatic and aromatic compounds. We collected 52 species of floral visitors, mainly bees. Nocturnal and crepuscular bees (four species) were among the most frequent species and the only effective pollinators. In field bioassays performed at night, nocturnal/crepuscular bees were attracted by a synthetic scent blend consisting of the six most abundant compounds., This study describes the first scent-mediated pollination system between a plant and its nocturnal bee pollinators. Further, C. phaea has several floral traits that do not allow classification into other nocturnal pollination syndromes ( e.g. pollinator attraction already before sunrise, with pollen as the only reward), instead it is a plant specifically adapted to nocturnal bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the variability of cambuci fruit ( Campomanesia phaea) cultivated in São Paulo State in the towns of Mogi das Cruzes, Paraibuna, Paranapiacaba and Rio Grande da Serra, and characterized it at different maturity stages with respect to size, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, phenolic content, ethylene production, respiration rate and in vitro antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Ripe fruit from the same locality, Paraibuna, showed large variations in size and acidity. Ripe fruit from different towns showed significant variation of total phenolics and, consequently, variation in antioxidant capacity. During maturation, the phenolic content and firmness decreased from unripe to ripe stages. The total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio can be used as a parameter to differentiate cambuci at different maturity stages. However, the decrease in firmness combined with the absence of an ethylene climacteric peak does not allow us to conclude whether cambuci is climacteric or non-climacteric. CONCLUSION Genetic and soil composition studies are needed to assess the reasons for the differences found among fruit from the same location, as well as the variability among fruit harvested in four localities. The best parameters for assessing the maturity stages of cambuci comprise the rounding of its corners and its firmness because the more mature the pulp, the softer is the fruit. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frutos de Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) são muito procurados pela população rural para preparo de sucos, sorvetes e bebidas alcoólicas. Para avaliar as características físicas, o potencial nutricional e o seu aproveitamento na indústria de alimentos, frutos nos seus diversos estádios de amadurecimento foram coletados em abril de 2003 no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Caraguatatuba-SP. Os dados do diâmetro longitudinal (DL) e transversal (DT) e a relação entre eles mostram que os frutos têm forma levemente achatada (DL/DT < 1); a polpa mostrou-se suculenta, com sabor acre e odor cítrico, com alto teor de umidade (88,80%) e pH igual a 2,91. Foram detectados elevados teores de fibras alimentares (4,00%), quando comparado a outras espécies popularmente conhecidas, da mesma família botânica. Foram obtidos valores baixos de proteína (0,44%), carboidratos totais (5,00%), lipídios (1,53%) e valores razoáveis de ácido ascórbico (33,37 mg 100 g-1). Entre os elementos inorgânicos determinados (13), destacaram-se: sódio (171,50 mg kg-1), potássio (622,65 mg kg-1), fósforo (123,69 mg kg-1), magnésio (42,08 mg kg-1) e cálcio (61,26 mg kg-1). Embora a composição química dos frutos mostrou ser semelhante à de outras espécies da família Myrtacease, o consumo in natura deste fruto é prejudicado pelo baixo teor de carboidratos e elevada acidez.Fruits of Campomanesia phaea (Myrtaceae) are used by rural population to make juice, ice cream and in alcoholic drinks to accentuate the flavor. To evaluate the physical characteristics, the nutritional potential and the use in food industry, fruits samples in several ripe steps were collected in April 2003 in Serra do Mar State Park, Núcleo Caraguatatuba, SP. The data of longitudinal (DL) and traverse (DT) diameter and the relationship among them showed that the fruits present oval and flattened shape (DL/DT

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