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[EN] Water supply systems (SAAPs) are critical infrastructures for the operation of any city; hence, that its proper management is an aspect to which particular attention must be paid. The sectorization of the SAAPs has emerged as an operational alternative that helps the water management facilities in this task. The design of sectors involves the solution of an optimization problem with multiple objectives, such as investment (in purchase of valves and meters), leak detection capacity and reliability of network operation, among others. Taking this into account, this paper presents an innovative sectorization methodology based on the use of self-organized maps, heuristic optimization, and operational criteria. Self-organized maps, applied to complex networks, allow grouping by recognizing different patterns. Thus, the methodology proposed is based on the application of self-organized maps to define the sectors based on the information stored in the nodes of the network. Next, the optimization of the inputs of the sectors is executed, counting for this with the configuration of the previously obtained sectors. Finally, for the optimization of the feeding points of the established hydrometric sectors, in this work the minimization of implementation costs and the minimization of the loss of hydraulic capacity of the network are considered as objectives., [ES] Los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua potable (SAAPs) son infraestructuras críticas para el funcionamiento de cualquier ciudad; de ahí, que su correcta gestión sea un aspecto al que haya que prestar particular atención. La sectorización de los SAAPs ha surgido como una alternativa operacional que ayuda a los organismos gestores de agua en dicha tarea. El diseño de sectores implica la solución de un problema de optimización con múltiples objetivos, tales como la inversión (en compra de válvulas y contadores), la capacidad de detección de fugas y la fiabilidad de la operación de la red, entre otros. Tomando en cuenta esto, en este trabajo se presenta una innovadora metodología de sectorización basada en el uso de mapas auto organizados, optimización heurística, y criterios operacionales. Los mapas auto organizados, aplicados a redes complejas, permiten el agrupamiento mediante el reconocimiento de diferentes patrones. Así, la metodología que se propone se basa en la aplicación de mapas auto organizados para definir los sectores con base en la información almacenada en los nodos de la red. A continuación, se ejecuta la optimización de las entradas de los sectores, contando para esto con la configuración de los sectores anteriormente obtenida. Finalmente, para la optimización final de los puntos de alimentación de los sectores hidrométricos establecidos, en este trabajo se consideran como objetivos la minimización de costos de implementación y la minimización de la pérdida de capacidad hidráulica de la red

Due to their lower energy consumption, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) submersible pumps have been introduced in ground water well field operation. Besides direct savings of energy, the introduction of PMSM pumps together with the required variable frequency converters offers new operational scenarios to meet the seasonally varying water demand. In this work, potential energy savings of variable speed submersible pumps were investigated. A ground water well field consisting of 13 wells and their transport pipes was modeled in the hydraulic modeling software EPANET 2.0. Using MS visual basic for applications, EPANET was coupled with MS Excel and a genetic algorithm to identify the most energy efficient combination of pump speeds. For the simulated well field, the total specific energy demand required for pumping was significantly lower in partial load operation as compared to nominal pump speed operation. For low and moderate flow scenarios, energy savings in the range of 20% compared to nominal speed operation can be achieved. These findings were confirmed by a monitoring campaign in the well field. Combining hydraulic simulation and optimization using genetic algorithms, the best efficiency scenario for operation of ground water well fields can be found.

[ES] A pesar de existir diversos indicadores en el funcionamiento de los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua potable, ninguno especifica de forma explícita cuál es la capacidad hidráulica de las redes de distribución. El caudal máximo teórico se define como el gasto máximo que puede aportar una red garantizando las presiones mínimas de servicio en los nodos de consumo más desfavorables. En este trabajo, se presenta su forma práctica de obtención para redes existentes y se analiza la aplicación de éste como indicador de la capacidad de las redes de distribución, además de su comparación con respecto al Índice de Resiliencia, otro indicador indirecto del funcionamiento de las redes de distribución de agua potable. La metodología aplicada consiste en obtener y comparar los indicadores en tres redes de prueba obtenidas a través de la literatura. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el caudal máximo teórico es un buen indicador de la capacidad máxima de funcionamiento de las redes de abastecimiento de agua existentes.

[ES] La planificación de las tareas de mantenimiento suele ser una tarea pendiente en sistemas de agua potable que tienen escasez económica, pues los recursos no abastecen para lograr un mantenimiento preventivo convencional, en el cual se deben inspeccionar todos los tramos de la red. Este contexto exige el planteamiento de soluciones racionales que permitan priorizar las tareas de mantenimiento en tramos específicos, con el fin de gestionar mejor los pocos recursos de estas empresas de agua. En el presente trabajo se propone el índice de mantenimiento para la evaluación de cada tubería, un indicador basado en el criterio hidráulico de la capacidad de la red, calculado por un mecanismo computacional, con el objetivo de optimizar los recursos. De esta forma, es posible priorizar los tramos de la red que requieren mayor atención en las tareas de mantenimiento. Como caso de estudio, se analiza el sector S01-13 de la red de agua potable de Oruro (Bolivia). Los resultados muestran que se debe priorizar el control eficiente del 20% de las tuberías del sector

[EN] Data mining solutions can be applied in combination with evolutionary algorithms to extract relevant information from solution spaces analyzed during optimization processes regarding water distribution system (WDS) design. Firstly, results from data mining can be introduced into the evolutionary algorithms to guide the search of solutions. Secondly, data mining techniques can be used not only to help explore the population of potential solutions but also to exploit data regarding the behavior of the WDS under different work conditions. As a result, applications can be developed for supporting decision making regarding WDS models in both offline and online contexts.

The evolution of technologies of informatics and telecommunications has improved significantly the way water distribution systems can be managed. The use of quasi real-time information is becoming a desired standard in many water utilities. Nevertheless, tools for water distribution system analysis and for supporting decision making haveńt been integrated with the same speed. This research uses cloud computing capabilities for supporting analysis and decision making in water distribution systems. It includes the development of evolutionary algorithms ready to run in a cloud environment for searching the best possible decisions considering a set of objectives. The evaluation of solutions profits from the scalability of the cloud for making faster the solution search process.

[EN] This document shows some aspects regarding water leakage time propagation through the underground, in controlled laboratory conditions, using a drilled PVC pipe, through the interpretation of GPR images. The extraction of relevant patterns is possible since GPR interpretations allow to obtain surfaces and volumes that can be easily identified by non-highly specialized personnel in the analysis of raw data. The results of this study are promising since they help promote the realization of techniques able to validate models for generation, distribution and prediction of water leaks in water supply systems using GPR as a non-destructive method.

Sectorization is a process aimed at efficiently managing Water Supply Networks (WSNs). There are many large WSNs where the number of sectors into which they might be subdivided is initially unknown. Our method uses concepts derived from the Social Network Theory (SNT) such as centrality and community detection to obtain such subdivisions. The output is then evaluated through energy criteria. This methodology entails two very important benefits over other methods previously proposed. Firstly, it is applicable to WSNs depending on a network trunk and, secondly, it considers the technical know-how of the staff of the water utility.