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Maritime Transport is one of the sources of atmospheric pollution, contributing with gaseous emissions mainly caused by marine engines and fossil fuel combustion, and characterized by the production of substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, SOx and PMx, harmful to the environment and human health. Cold Ironing, also known as Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) or Shoreside Supply, is one of the most relatively recent technologies designed to reduce emissions in the maritime industry: it consists in a three-parts system to connect shore-side located power sources, especially with renewable energies and smart grids, to on-board systems able to receive and store electricity, through intermediate connection devices that allow electricity to flow from the port into ships. This technology has been proved to bring financial and environmental benefits, considering also the rise in fuel costs; however, it is still facing some challenges in getting widespread worldwide, mainly due to retrofitting and upgrade costs. It will also require more specific policies and regulations involving stakeholders of different technical and geographical nature. Scientific research is however promising under all these aspects, as it is demonstrating significant reductions in terms of emissions and externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the recent pandemic, the progressive weakening of the networks of proximity services for citizens lead to the loss of city functions. It stems the need to define new policy frameworks for the city that puts the user/citizen and urban economies at the center, allowing local regenerative strategies to be implemented and shared between public administrations, business associations, mobility service companies, and citizens. Moreover, recent climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the need to rethink city planning and mobility planning, in particular, ensuring respect for social distancing and supporting the decarbonization strategies dictated by the Green Deal and the Paris Agreement. Local governments can better analyze such critical urban issues from a bottom-up approach through participatory planning. Furthermore, the dissemination of models such as 15-minute and smart cities can ensure that users can reach services with the shortest distance without using a private vehicle. At the same time, the dissemination of technology could allow for greater control of urban activities and transport flows, making it possible to mitigate the impacts of carbon emission and that generated by possible accidents or vehicle congestion. Based on literature review, this study focuses on exploring the diffusion of smart city and 15min city models and the technologies connected to mobility and what that means for the future dynamics of the smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared mobility can play an important role in many of the nations by reducing negative impacts of traffic. The emergency of the shared mobility concept makes it possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by meeting with the decarbonization strategies such as Green Deal and 2030 Agenda. In the near future, it is expected that shared mobility and innovative transport systems will reshape urban mobility by reducing negative impacts on environment and promoting smart and sustainable travel options. More in particular, electric based shared mobility modes could represent the future with being more environment-friendly and energy-efficient. Among different types of shared means of transport, rickshaws have been becoming popular in South-East Asia, which initially involved as human traction, large size, and traditional pedicab tricycles but have evolved into electrified vehicles. Low-cost Chinese models were the first electric rickshaws which become popular. Currently, electric rickshaws are commonly used in many of the countries in Asia, particularly in China, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Some European countries, such as Switzerland, France and Germany, have researched and developed shared electric bike (e-bike) and electric bike taxi (ebike-taxi) services and have been trying to capture the growing market in Asia. The governments in European countries are making serious efforts to improve the number of these mode of transport by making policies such as issuing license with reduced fee. In this paper, the uptake of using shared e-bikes, ebike-taxis and electric rickshaws is presented. The benefits of using these modes in urban areas and the critical issues related to the diffusion are also discussed. This study lays foundation for the improvement of different urban planning and mobility strategies in Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans by providing critical suggestions, which are fundamental for the development of best practices as a guiding tool for local authorities and mobility service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developed and developing countries have a lot of public transport networks and vehicles. This is the most important traffic key to consider. In particular, the restrictions imposed by the pandemic and the psychological factors left on people have made public transport even more important. In recent years, various micro-mobility applications have been seen in covering the last-mile distance in public transportation. Depending on the reason for the travel and the distance to be covered, the user can choose between scheduled and non-scheduled public transport services. The former are characterised by predefined timetables, routes and fares that cannot be changed either by the driver or at the request of the user. The latter are instead related to the square service or taxi service and garage service or Transportation Network Company (TNC) services. The development of electric vehicles (EV) is strongly influenced by consumer demand resulting from economic and environmental factors. The combination of EV and ridesharing also brings major benefits in terms of reduced traffic congestion, reduced environmental impact and in many cases also lower costs for the user. By incorporating e-buses into public transport fleets, a green public transport fleet can be achieved which can provide a step further towards sustainable transport system. In addition, in urban areas with low-speed limits, electric taxis can offer a faster, more efficient and cost-effective solution, as can small buses in the form of demand responsive transport (DRT) services. Unfortunately, there are still a number of problems limiting the development of all-electric transport services. This is the main reason for the spread of hybrid transport services rather than the experimentation of full electric vehicles (EVs) in the case of many non-scheduled services. Through a comparative overview of different case studies and strategies implemented by European and non-European countries, this research highlights the benefits and criticalities related to the integration of EVs and especially taxis in varying city sizes and lays the groundwork for future research steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of transport technologies and systems, taking into account individual and/or shared mobility systems, should involve not only the characteristics of the places where it develops, but also the characteristics of road users. The increase in transport supply makes it easier to achieve job opportunities and thus increases the potential for wealth. The development of different forms of mobility also offers better access to areas, such as education centers, and limits the disparity between road users of different age groups and gender. The presence of children and income characteristics are factors that can influence women's mobility choice such as using public transport, owned/shared micro mobility, or e-bikes. The study in this paper defines in a first phase some considerations on gender equality through describing some case studies from the South of the world. A questionnaire, including 1150 women over 18 years old in the use of the different modes of transport in the region of Sicily in southern Italy, was carried out. The results highlight the critical issues that often lead to different perceptions of safety on board or gender equality considering both the passenger's and the driver's point of view. The limits of the research are related to the analyzed sample. The work shows a first step of investigation aimed at future research actions to reduce gender inequalities, providing the basis for the definition of ad hoc strategies by local authorities and dedicated vouchers or fares by operators of transport services for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urban systems in Europe were mostly designed before the event of cars and then used with them, today general concern about possibility to implement more pedestrian and alternative transport system is highly slowed if not blocked by difficult on site situations that make it problematic to adapt today's network to more non-only car transport. The topic of the research is to understand the perceived importance of adaptation of some paths to non-car transport, based on values given to ease of use, safety, beauty of built and green environment and characteristics of terrain. Some possible path will be individuated to verify the results on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing need to move for different reasons, pushes the average user to compare and select modes of transport that meet both economic requirements and the possibility of connection to the areas to be reached. Mobility has suffered a major setback due to the COVID-19 and in particular the local public transport has experienced severe discomfort caused by the need to maintain social distancing. In areas with low demand for transport, where often the local transport services do not connect to peripheral areas, it is considered appropriate to evaluate the possibility of implementing forms of transport on demand and in particular the DRT (Demand Responsive Transport). The present work shows a statistical analysis related to a small urban center of Sicily, characterized by weak transport demand, comparing the results obtained by the dissemination of a survey to two groups of the population, inhabitants and commuters. It was possible to understand a hypothetical propensity to DRT and which parameters influence these choices the most. The results lay the basis for future research and help the local administration to revise the urban traffic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobility scenarios have been modified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Catastrophic and health events cause strong repercussions on daily activities and related mobility habits. In Italy, as in other contexts, we have witnessed a period of lockdown that has led to an almost zero travel. This work shows an overview of the changes in mobility choices before and after the COVID-19, with particular attention to sustainable forms of mobility such as shared mobility. It can reduce the use of private vehicles if properly incentivized and can be enhanced within the different forms of urban mobility, adopting ad hoc strategies and encouraging the active participation of the population in the assessment of critical issues and solutions towards sustainability. First results, analyzed at national level, provide a basis for future research steps on the assessment of the perceived safety by users in the use of different forms of mobility before and after the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of cities must not ignore the needs of specific population groups that need more help. In this way, urban development (such as the definition of SUMP) must consider the aspect of accessibility also through a participatory comparison with population groups that more than others can testify to their impediments during normal travel activities in the city. The research has focused on the calibration of a questionnaire and on the administration to a selected sample of users with motor disabilities by investigating, through the Likert judgement scales, the criticalities related to 3 elements present in urban spaces near road intersections: the sidewalk, the ramp and the traffic light. Through a statistical analysis, the judgements of two different groups of people with disabilities (wheelchair and walking stick/walker) have been compared and it was possible to compare the critical points, arriving at some useful considerations for the mitigation of impacts This work lays the foundations for a more in-depth investigation and the possible application of a transversal analysis to the same sample in the coming months, useful to evaluate how the vision of the problem has changed and at the same time to provide local administrations with some tools to evaluate the procedures for the removal of architectural barriers related to the elements analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of the road vulnerable users is the subject of recent research, considering not only different strategies applied to priorities but also to road geometries, with particular reference to crossings and waiting areas adjacent to traffic light lanterns. This document presents an exploratory study of bicycle boxes considering some European and American case studies. The bicycle boxes, also known as advanced stopping lines or advanced stopping boxes, have been installed to increase the visibility of the cyclists and reduce the conflicts between motor vehicles and cyclists, in particular in the potential situations of "right hooking". A bicycle box is a space of the traffic light intersection located between the walkway, and the stop line of the vehicle used to supply the cyclists a dedicated space to wait for the signal during the red light intersections. In this area the positioning of the cyclists in view of the vehicle stop improves visibility and reduces conflicts between all users. They also provide cyclists with an initial advantage cross the intersection, which helps make cyclists turn difficult and improves safety and comfort due to the difference in acceleration rates between bicycles and motor vehicles. It allows a cyclist to be in front of motor vehicles, which is not the case it only improves the visibility and awareness of motorists, but allows cyclists to "reclaim the lane" if desired. Both the reversal of motor vehicles and bicycles in pedestrian crossing decreased significantly at the points where the bicycles were located compared to the control intersections. Bike boxes have had mixed effects on the invasion of motorists on the bike path. The number of conflicts observed at the pit stations has decreased, while the total number of cyclists and motor vehicles has increased, promoting a safer crossing. Starting from the comparison of case studies examined in the literature of the last 20 years, an attempt was made to define the benefits and criticalities produced by this implementation, reporting all of them to a SWOT analysis useful in the preliminary design phase but also a simple control tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility of urban areas and pedestrian networks is closely linked to the ease with which people can move in their environment. This depend on environmental factors, and can be divided into physical or social factors. An optimal integrated analysis of accessibility requires the analysis of both types of factors, social and physical. The research is based on preliminary research in which the persons with disabilities are asked to comment on problems and elements of accessibility in public space. Based on the answers, the survey was formed about the problems and solutions for accessibility in opens spaces of pedestrian traffic. The survey was oriented to persons with mobility and visual disability and aims to highlight the criticalities and benefits produced by three different urban spaces, such as parking lots, streets and squares and also to grade the perceived importance of various problems and solutions by persons with disabilities (motor and visual).. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The causes of accidents in the crossings are many and cannot be alone traced back to the "irresponsible" action of the pedestrian, but should instead be sought above all in the failure to plan urban pedestrian itineraries, in the disorderly organization of the urban functions, in poor vehicle traffic planning and in the poor quality of road infrastructure design. The presence of pedestrian areas allows greater safety during the crossing, especially for users with reduced mobility or for the elderly as they provide a protected area where they can stop especially if the crossing is wide and the pedestrian traffic light cycle has a phase of reduced green. Generally the area bounded by the perimeter of the island is forbidden to the circulation of all vehicles, but can be used by pedestrians as a refuge for crossing the roadway, when the island is affected by a pedestrian crossing. The present work shows a comparison of traffic and safety scenarios hypothesizing the addition of a pedestrian island in an urban area of the city of Rijeka characterized by a very wide pedestrian crossing and by large pedestrian and vehicular flows. The traffic level of service level (LOS) and the surrogate safety parameters with and without the pedestrian area were evaluated through microsimulation of traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime transportation constitutes an important factor within transport systems, as in today's globalized world large amounts of goods need to be transferred worldwide more frequently than ever. Intense maritime flows also mean intense maritime emissions, mainly CAC and GHG with consequences on people's health and global warming. International organizations like IMO have already started to intervene in order to manage globally the emission problem, introducing restrictions and creating protected marine areas. Ports are a source of pollution, mainly due to berthed ships and inland vehicles and facilities producing pollution due to engines burning fossil fuels. Port emissions can be estimated thanks to networks of interconnected sensors and with mathematical simulation models. Current technologies to manage emissions include devices such scrubbers and cold ironing, along with the adoption of carbon capture, green fuels, electric engines, renewable energies, and energy management approaches. Investments on port infrastructure require costs not always affordable especially for smaller port authorities. Research could lead studies in this sense to make these technologies more available and affordable to move towards a better world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ports are complex systems, characterized by significant flows of people, goods and means of transport. They are the edge between sea and land and play an important role in the global logistical chain. However, the surrounding territories suffer some negative effects generated directly and indirectly by port systems. The evolution of Smart Cities also aims at the optimization and innovation of port infrastructures. In fact, the European policies aim at the sustainable development of ports and improving their connection with cities by promoting the reduction of environmental and social impacts, the development of port logistics and technological innovation for greater efficiency. The smart transition is an essential element for development of the urban ports, indispensable for reconciling operating efficiency, competitivity and environmental policies. The aim of this work is to analyze the main Italian policies and strategies to favor the improvement of Smart Ports. Also, this research proposes an investigation of the major initiatives and projects taking place in the Sicilian context in order to improve their planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road safety in urban areas is one of the major critical points for both evaluation,prevention and mitigation actions. In general, traffic safety related to geometry of an intersection at grade is defined by indirect indicators, such as the number of conflict points and also by direct indicators, such as the number of road accident and the severity value. In order to make the direct road safety indicators comparable. Before and after reconstruction it is necessary to analyzed the context of the intersection with traffic flow. The desired trend in traffic accident statistics is, particularly, influenced by the subjective experience of each road users,driver cyclist or pedestrian. The assessment of the criticalities connected to the road infrastructure can be studied in a different scale (micro, meso and macro) and through the use of traffic microsimulation tools and dedicated tools. These last consider the trajectories performed by vehicles and pedestrian components to understand the potential points of conflict according to the manoeuvres performed (crossing, turning right, turning left). These tools also make it possible to highlight the type of possible collision, adopting specific solutions to the problem beforehand. In order to understand how sample is to perceive traffic context and traffic light by children and drivers in the urban context of Enna, a satisfaction questionnaire is administered referring to the interspersed road intersection very closed to kindergarten and elementary school monitored. The times of perception and reaction are evaluated considering the traffic light phases through the use of a dedicated tool on the Tablet. This analysis is conducted in order to investigate the trend variations of the value explored on the future and proceed to the comparison real and simulated data. Reaction time of ach member of the target group is studied using the benchmark test and the sample obesrvation was chosen as heterogeneous. The time values of perception / reaction of the different traffic components are used for the implementation of the models that are at the base of the traffic micro-simulators and therefore through an appropriate calibration allow to obtain reliable results and,at the same time, to simulate scenarios in a preventive way with true and realist values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The percentage of the passengers linked to airport activities often reflects not only the level of economic and touristic aspects of a city but also the development of the transport system.The airport area thus becomes a node in the transport system characterized by a high percentage of users, mostly passengers. Numerous studies state that incorporating the behaviour of groups of individuals, especially interactions with fellow travellers and people working within the same transit area, can significantly affect the performance and use of services in the terminals airport. The benefits and the criticalities induced by the movement of a large number of people within confined areas are linked to the definition of impacts that can be seen in terms of time spent in each processing unit, preference of discretionary activity and level of service (LOS) in the processing areas. On the basis of the airport passenger flow model that includes group dynamics, a case study was carried out regarding the movement of users inside the departures area of Fontanarossa-Catania airport. The evaluation of the social forces acting has been carried out through the definition of nodes and arcs with the aid of dedicated software. Some parameters are investigated in order to characterize the iterations between individuals or groups of individuals characterized by common parameters. Among these parameters both closeness and betweenness are particularly important, ie those parameters that show how much they measure the proximity of the various individuals that can limit the movement and the correlation between them The simulation of transit flows and iterations between passengers can be useful to investigate different scenarios inside a terminal such as the maintenance of certain areas that could limit the transit or even simulate evacuation scenarios in emergencies. For designers and airport operators, the model also provides a convenient way to investigate the effectiveness of the design space and services allocations, which can help improve the experience of passengers in Airports. In this sense, the presented work turns out to be fundamental for the definition of the areas and the flows and therefore can provide useful details for the subsequent implementation through micro-simulation tools of the pedestrian outflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walking is classified as the oldest transport mode with the least impact on the environment. It is often one of the intermediate transport modes. Generally, when designing only pedestrian transit areas or structures with high pedestrian traffic volumes and with different scenarios, it is advantageous to be able to foresee the congestion conditions and the problems connected to it. The study of the itineraries and characteristics of pedestrians is often necessary and preparatory for the purposes of an in-depth analysis also on the habits of populations and cultures. Often areas trafficked by tourist flows, of limited size such as bridges, must be studied in advance for emergencies. This article focuses on the study of pedestrian flow, which mainly takes place for tourist purposes, on the pedestrian bridge of Mostar. This analysis was carried out initially by acquiring pedestrian flows and related behaviours through video cameras and then analyzing how they alternate on holidays and weekdays or during the seasons raising the flows. Also, the possible presence of obstacles on the bridge was taken into accounts, such as some areas not feasible for temporary work or the presence of obstacles. These scenarios have been validated through the definition of O / D matrices and arcs and nodes (and also areas) through the Viswalk simulation tool, specifically for pedestrian micro-simulation. This comparison is useful for understanding the variation of LOS (Level Of Service) during normal or emergency situations and the results can provide help to local Authorities to plan and design an appropriate action plan. Therefore, this research work aims to compare scenarios under critical flow conditions in the order to define preventively possible actions that can guarantee an optimal LOS value during the bridge crossing and the surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, safeguarding and improving the development of a city is the primary objectives pursued by the administrators of a city, considering in parallel the development of the context governed by economic, social, cultural and tourism. It is now commonly accepted that, for the pursuit of such objectives, either it is necessary to impose rules and limitations, at least partial, for access and stop in urban areas: both to cars used individually by people for their own transfers, as regards the means used to transport the goods. It is clear that the increasing development of motorization must be regulated through measures taken in the urban context in order to reduce the critical issues connected to it. Congestion and pollution would make it paradoxically more unreachable and inhospitable as much as they are all desired and desired for the performance of their life activities, of work, study, leisure and more. In accordance with the excellent results achieved by the "pedestrianization" of the streets of Maqueda "of Palermo city centre (area between the Quattro Canti and the Cathedral), which has led to a huge increase in tourist flows and the increase in commercial activities and the historical experience of the markets those who have experienced an economic crisis, we consider vital for the valorization and economic recovery of a heritage of the whole city. The increase of the limited traffic areas defines a reduction in vehicular traffic that aims to reduce the presence of cars for the benefit of livability, commercial and artisanal re-launching, tourist use. The pedestrian areas analyzed will be decided after a comparison between central and decentralized institutions, with the direct involvement of inhabitants, traders and committees operating in these areas . therefore the SWOT type analysis is fundamental for preliminary knowledge of the benefits and critical aspects of an urban intervention and also laying the foundations for more in-depth assessments both from an economic and transport standpoint through the simulation of the transport system analyzed in different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the noise concept can be defined as an element of disturbance in daily human actions. The perception of noise and its disturbance depends on many factors such as the age and gender of the exposed persons but also on environmental and cultural factors. Noise pollution is defined as the introduction of noise into the living environment or in the external environment such as to cause annoyance or disturbance to resting and human activities, danger to human health, deterioration of ecosystems, gods material goods, monuments, the living environment or the external environment o such as to interfere with the legitimate use of the environments themselves. unlike other environmental pollutants that are still present, noise pollution it is perceived as a sensory stimulus and immediately interferes with individual and collective activities, well before reaching the levels to which you are they verify biological damages. it has been observed, both in laboratory and field studies, that levels of noise produced by traffic with the value of LAMAX (noise levels using the A-weighting)above 40 dBA cause psychophysiological reactions during sleep, in terms of effects on cardiac rhythm and respiration. For such reactions, hardly an addiction occurs during the night and between the different one's nights. Children show a greater psychophysiological reactivity than the adults. in schools, noise disrupts communication, reading, learning, remembering, and solving complex tasks in classes. in kindergartens, noise can be disturbing while playing, singing, or sleeping. in this article we illustrate how important it is to integrate environmental and health issues in order to convey a key message considering different required data to be officially reported to the European Commission. our results show that children in primary schools and kindergartens in Enna, in the middle of Sicily, Italy, are potentially exposed to excess levels of road traffic noise. these results will also be valuable for spatial planning in the Municipality of Enna, Sicily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems is relatively recent in the Europe and is very fresh on Italy; however, several systems are operating and many more are being planned. A more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between land uses and BRT systems is needed, particularly in comparison to other fixed-guideway modes such as heavy and light rail. While recognizing that existing land uses have an important and complex influence on the development costs and benefits of fixed-guideway projects, this research is focused on the impacts that BRT projects have on surrounding property values. This research seeks the impact of BRT system on urban area where is a road intersection at grade such as turbo roundabout. The results are linked to before and after application of BRT in terms of microsimulation comparison results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today Public transport is growing not only in terms of high passenger capacity but also considering high efficiency and it has become one of the preferred alternatives to automobile travel. This is evident, as for example, in the case of airport terminal working and management. The same could be for Bus Transport station considering roadway. As a result, many railway stations experience high levels of pedestrian congestion especially during the morning and afternoon peak periods. Traditional design and evaluation procedures for pedestrian transit facilities aim to maintain a desirable Pedestrian Level-Of-Service (PLOS) for the individual pedestrian areas or sub precincts. More in general, transit facilities and their sub-precincts interact with one another so that pedestrian circulation might be better assessed from a broader systems perspective. Microsimulation packages that can model pedestrians (e.g. VISSIM-VISWALK) can be employed to assess these interactions. This research outlines a procedure for the potential implementation of pedestrian flow analysis in a bus/rail transit station using micro-simulation. Base model data requirements are identified which include static (facility layout and locations of temporary equipment) and dynamic data (pedestrian demand and public transport services). Possible model calibration criteria would be also identified. A VISSIM micro-simulation base model would be developed for one of the main Airport terminal in Sicily (Italy) for investigating proposed station operational and infrastructure changes. This case study provided a good example for the potential implementation of micro-simulation models in the analysis of pedestrian circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The MAAS (Mobility As A Service) is nothing more than a new business model for the provision of transport services. Like all “as a service”, it provides a monthly flat-rate subscription that guarantees the personalized use of a bundle of public and private transport: trains, buses, taxis, car and bike sharing, which can be used unlimitedly with a single subscription, all in one. To enjoy the service in complete tranquility, it is possible to rely on an ad hoc app that includes all levels of mobility. By entering departure and destination you can choose the ideal transport mix that meets own needs. With a single operation it is therefore possible to use services that are different from one another but perfectly integrated. Gradually the perception of an economic benefit associated with owning a car will go into crisis and it will be much more convenient to rely on on-demand and / or self-driven services considering that with their progressive diffusion, they will become increasingly cheaper. Finally, let’s not forget the green factor: more integration, more sharing, less cars, less CO2. The present work shows the evolution in Europe of this concept considering some cases present in the literature and highlights the needs of users at the service of the specific area of implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally the safety of public areas plays a fundamental role in the liveability of a city. Different evacuation simulations are carried out over the years in order to mitigate the problems connected to a chaotic movement of pedestrians. The panicgenerated by a possible risky event, often involves variations in the trajectories assumed in the same spaces in safe conditions. This is due to the variations in speed, pedestrian density in the sub-areas and if not properly evaluated, the evacuation process could generate crowds and therefore congestion, reducing the distance from the area object of an event. The present study focuses on the evaluation of different scenarios applied to the named square of Kalamaria (Greece) which is located near the two biggest pedestrian areas of the city. The study approach, based on pedestrian micro-simulation, is focused on the dynamic assignment, implemented in order to shape the path pedestrian choice behaviour by omitting the creation of static routes and using the OD matrix as flow input instead. Different steps are established in order to enquire input data, to calibrate the tool and obtain the results. These are based on the definition of areas and sub-areas in accordance with the pedestrian social force model. Through dynamic pedestrian assignment, different parameters were compared including speeds, density pedestrian and the LOS (Level Of Service), crossing the main square which may lead to benefits or criticalities as the risk level increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]