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2. Repetitive, but Not Single, Mild Blast TBI Causes Persistent Neurological Impairments and Selective Cortical Neuronal Loss in Rats

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, primary, Ong, Bee Eng, additional, Koziakova, Mariia, additional, Ujvari, Eszter, additional, Fuller, Isobel, additional, Boyles, Charlotte, additional, Sun, Valerie, additional, Ko, Andy, additional, Pap, Daniel, additional, Lee, Matthew, additional, Gomes, Lauren, additional, Gallagher, Kate, additional, Mahoney, Peter F., additional, and Dickinson, Robert, additional

Published
2023
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9. Argon

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, primary, Edge, Christopher J., additional, and Dickinson, Robert, additional

Published
2016
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10. Xenon Protects against Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury in an <italic>In Vitro</italic> Model.

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, Koziakova, Mariia, Yonis, Amina, Pau, Ashni, Macdonald, Warren, Harris, Katie, Edge, Christopher J., Franks, Nicholas P., Mahoney, Peter F., and Dickinson, Robert

Subjects
*BRAIN injury treatment, *XENON, *DRUG efficacy, *NEUROPROTECTIVE agents, *NOBLE gases, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon as a treatment for patients with blast-induced traumatic brain injury in an in vitro laboratory model. We developed a novel blast traumatic brain injury model using C57BL/6N mouse organotypic hippocampal brain-slice cultures exposed to a single shockwave, with the resulting injury quantified using propidium iodide fluorescence. A shock tube blast generator was used to simulate open field explosive blast shockwaves, modeled by the Friedlander waveform. Exposure to blast shockwave resulted in significant (p < 0.01) injury that increased with peak-overpressure and impulse of the shockwave, and which exhibited a secondary injury development up to 72 h after trauma. Blast-induced propidium iodide fluorescence overlapped with cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence, indicating that shock-wave–induced cell death involves apoptosis. Xenon (50% atm) applied 1 h after blast exposure reduced injury 24 h (p < 0.01), 48 h (p < 0.05), and 72 h (p < 0.001) later, compared with untreated control injury. Xenon-treated injured slices were not significantly different from uninjured sham slices at 24 h and 72 h. We demonstrate for the first time that xenon treatment after blast traumatic brain injury reduces initial injury and prevents subsequent injury development in vitro. Our findings support the idea that xenon may be a potential first-line treatment for those with blast-induced traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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11. Xenon Improves Neurologic Outcome and Reduces Secondary Injury Following Trauma in an In Vivo Model of Traumatic Brain Injury*

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, primary, Armstrong, Scott P., additional, Sebastiani, Anne, additional, Luh, Clara, additional, Gruss, Marco, additional, Radyushkin, Konstantin, additional, Hirnet, Tobias, additional, Werner, Christian, additional, Engelhard, Kristin, additional, Franks, Nicholas P., additional, Thal, Serge C., additional, and Dickinson, Robert, additional

Published
2015
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13. 8 Xenon is neuroprotective, improves outcome and promotes beneficial early neuroinflammation in a rat model of severe traumatic brain injury

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, Onggradito, Haldis, Ujvari, Eszter, Karimi, Shughoofa, Valeo, Flavia, Aldhoun, Jitka, Edge, Christopher J, Franks, Nicholas P, and Dickinson, Robert

Abstract

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects both young and elderly populations and results in a significant global healthcare burden. TBI patients often suffer from costly long-term neurological and cognitive problems that reduce quality of life and ability to work, including motor deficits, gait abnormalities, memory impairments and anxiety. Current clinical practice for TBI is largely supportive, centred on non-specific endpoints such as management of tissue oxygenation, cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure. At present there are no clinically validated drug treatments aimed specifically at preventing neuronal loss following TBI. Xenon is a noble gas used medically as a general anaesthetic and in MRI imaging. We previously showed xenon-treatment improves short and long-term outcomes, prevents late-onset cognitive impairments and improves survival after moderate TBI in mice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of xenon in a second species, rats, and in a severe injury model.MethodAdult male Sprague Dawley rats (N=22) underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) brain trauma or sham surgery. Animals were randomised to receive either 50%Xe:25%O2:25%N2 or 75%N2:25%O2. Locomotor function (CatwalkXT) and histological outcomes [lesion volume, neuronal cell count (NeuN), microglia (Iba1) and astrocytes (GFAP)] were assessed by blinded observers.ResultsThe xenon-treated group exhibited a reduction in locomotor deficits. Lesion volume was reduced in the xenon-treated group. Xenon-treatment resulted in preservation of neurons in cortical and subcortical regions that was associated with increases in numbers of resting microglia and reactive astrocytes.ConclusionWe show xenon is neuroprotective after severe TBI in rats. Functional improvement and neuronal preservation was associated with a xenon-induced enhancement of resting microglial cell numbers and astrocyte activation. These findings are consistent with a role for early beneficial neuroinflammation in xenon’s neuroprotective effect. Xenon may be of benefit in the treatment of clinical brain trauma.

Published
2023
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14. Argon: A Noble Foe for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Author

Campos-Pires, Rita, Edge, Christopher J., and Dickinson, Robert

Subjects
*SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage, *ARGON, *BRAIN injuries, *MORTALITY prevention, *HEMORRHAGE
Abstract

The authors reflect on the highlights of the article "Beneficial Properties of Argon After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Early Treatment Reduces Mortality and Influences Hippocampal Protein Expression" by A. Höllig and others published in the July 2016 issue of the journal "Critical Care Medicine." Topics covered include the surgical management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the use of argon for treating SAH, and the methods used in the induction of SAH in Höllig's study.

Published
2016
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