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ABSTRACT The present study describes the first isolation of a recently described Campylobacter species, Campylobacter vicugnae, in humans. The isolates were recovered by two independent French laboratories in 2020 and 2022 from a man and a woman suffering from gastroenteritis. Biochemical and growth characteristics, and electron microscopy for these two strains indicated that they belong to Campylobacter genus. 16S rDNA and GyrA-based phylogeny, as well as average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA Hybridization analyses revealed that both strains belong to the Campylobacter vicugnae species. Both isolates possess a complete cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) locus with cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, and features of CDT activity were demonstrated in vitro with Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Our data suggest that these two isolates of C. vicugnae were associated with gastroenteritis in humans and induced major cytopathogenic effects in vitro. C. vicugnae is likely to be a novel human pathogen, with a source of foodborne infection that needs to be determined.IMPORTANCECampylobacter species that display toxicity features are a worldwide public health issue. In clinical contexts, it is crucial to identify which isolate could be an urgent threat to a patient. Actual and widely used laboratory methods such as mass spectrometry or PCR may be flawed in the field of species identification. In contrast, the present study shows that next-generation sequencing allows to precisely identify isolates to species level that may have been omitted otherwise. Moreover, it helps to identify emerging species before they become a threat to human health. Recovery of a new Campylobacter species in human sample, such as the new species “Campylobacter vicugnae,” is an important step for the identification of emerging pathogens posing threat to global health.

Background & Objective: Campylobacter can be transmitted through the raw milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter genus and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) species in raw milk samples. Materials & Methods: In this study, 72 samples of raw milk were collected of the platforms milk in the Amol city in summer. Phenotypic identification of Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species using microbiology laboratory methods and molecular identification of this bacterium using Multiplex- Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) were performed. The data was calculated using the SPSS 16.0 software and the Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Among the 72 samples, 13.88% of samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and 2.77% were contaminated with Campylobacter genus. The highest prevalence rate for this bacterium was in July (20.83%) and the lowest prevalence rate was in September (12.5%). The significant difference between the prevalence of the Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species in raw milk samples in various months of summer was not observed (p = 0.07). Conclusion: This study showed the raw milk contamination with Campylobacter, and thereby the sanitation in the dairy food production places and the use of fast and accurate method to identify this bacterium is important.

Background & Objective: Campylobacter can be transmitted through the raw milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter genus and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) species in raw milk samples. Materials & Methods: In this study, 72 samples of raw milk were collected of the platforms milk in the Amol city in summer. Phenotypic identification of Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species using microbiology laboratory methods and molecular identification of this bacterium using Multiplex- Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) were performed. The data was calculated using the SPSS 16.0 software and the Fisher;#39s exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Among the 72 samples, 13.88% of samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and 2.77% were contaminated with Campylobacter genus. The highest prevalence rate for this bacterium was in July (20.83%) and the lowest prevalence rate was in September (12.5%). The significant difference between the prevalence of the Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species in raw milk samples in various months of summer was not observed (p = 0.07). Conclusion: This study showed the raw milk contamination with Campylobacter, and thereby the sanitation in the dairy food production places and the use of fast and accurate method to identify this bacterium is important.

Background & Objective: Campylobacter can be transmitted through the raw milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter genus and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) species in raw milk samples. Materials & Methods: In this study, 72 samples of raw milk were collected of the platforms milk in the Amol city in summer. Phenotypic identification of Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species using microbiology laboratory methods and molecular identification of this bacterium using Multiplex- Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) were performed. The data was calculated using the SPSS 16.0 software and the Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Among the 72 samples, 13.88% of samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and 2.77% were contaminated with Campylobacter genus. The highest prevalence rate for this bacterium was in July (20.83%) and the lowest prevalence rate was in September (12.5%). The significant difference between the prevalence of the Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species in raw milk samples in various months of summer was not observed (p = 0.07). Conclusion: This study showed the raw milk contamination with Campylobacter, and thereby the sanitation in the dairy food production places and the use of fast and accurate method to identify this bacterium is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crohn's disease is one of the most significant intestinal disorders and is known as inflammatory bowel disease; Campylobacter spp. are one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Methods: In this study, 60 tissue samples, including 30 cases with Crohn's disease and 30 cases with no inflammatory bowel disease, were collected. Patients were referred to Taleghani hospital and Behboud clinic between March 2015 and May 2016. Biopsies were used for DNA extraction and assessment of Campylobacter jejuni in patients with Crohn's disease and controls using polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All positive amplified fragments were sequenced. The gene encoding 16S rRNA, specific to Campylobacter genus, was amplified. Results: The results were positive for Campylobacter genus in patients with Crohn's disease compared to healthy individuals. The quantitative real-time PCR showed a significantly higher prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, particularly in hippurate hydrolase in tissue specimens of patients with Crohn's disease compared to control group. The correlation between Campylobacter jejuni and diarrhea symptoms in patients with Crohn's disease and controls was investigated. One positive case of Campylobacter jejuni found in patients without diarrhea was compared with 13 patients with diarrhea. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the alarmingly high rate of Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in Crohn's disease patients with diarrhea symptoms. However, further investigation is needed to determine the possible causing factors of this disease., (© 2019 Iran University of Medical Sciences.)