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Aim: The objective of this study is to explore the association between inflammation and the severity of hypertension by analyzing inflammation biomarkers, such as CRP, IL-1, proBNP, leptin, and PTX-3 levels, in children with obesity-related hypertension. Material and Methods: The study included 30 children (20 girls, 10 boys) with obesity-related hypertension and 30 healthy children (22 girls, 8 boys) as controls. Clinical and demographic data were collected for all participants. Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters, volumes, and wall thicknesses were taken and adjusted for body surface area. After echocardiographic evaluation, blood samples (10 cc) were drawn from both groups to measure IL-1, CRP, leptin, proBNP, and PTX-3 levels. Results: The patient group had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, height, weight, and body mass index compared to the control group. Echocardiographic assessments revealed significantly increased interventricular diastolic diameter (IVSd), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular posterior wall diastolic diameter (LVPWd), interventricular systolic diameter (IVSs), and left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) in the patient group. Leptin and CRP levels were notably higher in the obesity group. In healthy children, there was a moderate positive correlation between leptin and systolic blood pressure. A moderate negative correlation was observed between proBNP and systolic blood pressure, and a weak positive correlation between leptin and diastolic blood pressure was noted in the obesity group. Leptin, blood pressure, height, weight, body mass index, and cardiac dimensions were significantly elevated in obese patients requiring anti-hypertensive treatment. Conclusion: Inflammatory markers may be crucial for early diagnosis of obesityrelated hypertension, guiding the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce target organ damage. Elevated inflammation markers in obese patients may indicate the severity of hypertension, aiding in organ damage prevention through lifestyle changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) is characterized by decreased sex steroids and cortisol synthesis, as well as an increased mineralocorticoid effect. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of patients with 17OHD and to discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up process. Methods: Age, symptoms, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and hormonal, biochemical, and chromosomal analysis results of 13 patients diagnosed with 17OHD between 2003 and 2022 were recorded at admission and during follow-up. Whole gene next-generation sequencing was performed for the CYP17A1 gene. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to detect deletions in patients without point mutations in CYP17A1. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 14.0 (3.5–16.8) years. Nine of 13 patients (69.2%) had 46,XY karyotypes. All patients were phenotypically female and were raised as girls. The most common reasons for admission were the absence of puberty and amenorrhea (n = 8, 61.5%), followed by hypertension (n = 3, 23.0%), and family screening (n = 2, 15.3%). At the time of diagnosis, hypertension was detected in 10 (76.9%) patients, and 11 (84.6%) patients had hypokalemia. Conclusions: 17OHD should be considered in patients with pubertal delay/primary amenorrhea, hypertension, and hypokalemia. Adrenal function should be included in the clinical study of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, after excluding Turner syndrome, in all 46,XX females. Deletion in the CYP17A1 gene, including exons 1–6, is the founder mutation for Turkey's east and southeast regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) may rarely occur in the course of autoimmune diseases. We present a patient who was followed up with Graves' disease and vitiligo and who was diagnosed with dRTA upon detection of hypopotasemia. A 9.2-year-old girl presented with complaints of sweating, palpitations, and hand tremors. The patient had vitiligo on examination and was diagnosed with Graves' disease per clinical and laboratory findings. The patient, who received methimazole and was followed up as a euthyroid, was found to have hypokalemia in biochemical examinations performed at the age of 13 years. While investigating the etiology of hypokalemia, the patient was diagnosed with dRTA. Since she had two autoimmune pathologies, it was thought that the dRTA might be of autoimmune origin. Checking serum potassium levels in the follow-up of patients with Graves' disease may allow early diagnosis and treatment of accompanying dRTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the clinical features of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients during the pandemic with those diagnosed earlier and evaluate how the pandemic affected the T1D clinical findings on admission. Materials and Methods: This is a 2-year, single-center, cross-sectional study. The time between March 11, 2019, and March 11, 2020, was defined as the "pre-pandemic period," while the interval between March 11, 2020, and March 11, 2021, was called the "pandemic period." The clinical and laboratory parameters of newly diagnosed T1D patients admitted in these two time periods were compared. Results: The admission rate with DKA was higher in the pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic time (71.0% and 52.8%, respectively, p=0.046). There was no difference between the groups regarding the severity of DKA. The mean duration of diabetes symptoms before diagnosis was longer during the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period (17.0 days and 12.5 days, respectively, p=0.035). Conclusion: Delayed admissions to health institutions of patients with diabetes signs and symptoms during the pandemic are worrisome. This delay is likely to have increased the DKA rate during the pandemic. As a result, children with diabetes symptoms should be ensured to apply to a health institution without hesitation, even in the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Clinical findings illustrate the wide spectrum of the phenotypic manifestations of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in the sex chromosome disorders of sex differentiation (DSD). The objective of study is to evaluate the characteristics of 45,X/46,XY patients and questioning of their place within the DSD categorization. The clinical findings of 11 patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism are described including the presentation, gonadal morphology, genital anatomy, and the hormone levels among 285 patients with DSD evaluated. Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with sex chromosome DSD (50 Turner, three Klinefelter, ten 45,X/46,XY gonadal disgenesis, one 45X/46,XY ovotesticular DSD, one 47,XYY ovotesticular DSD, and two 46,XX/46,XY ovotesticular DSD). The type and the percentage of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism were as follows: Four cases of mix gonadal dysgenesis, four cases of partial gonadal dysgenesis, two cases of complete gonadal dysgenesis, one case of ovotesticular DSD. On the other hand, another patient that has 45,X/46,XX mosaicism was diagnosed with MGD with the presence of the streak gonad on the right side and the testis on the other side.Conclusion: We suggest that sex chromosome DSD categorization can include 45,X/46,XY PGD and 45,X/46,XY CGD. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis may be also placed among the disorders of testicular differentiation of 46,XY DSD subdivision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune thyroiditis has been suggested as a precancerous condition in some adult studies, but there is still controversy. The importance of autoimmune thyroiditis in childhood thyroid cancer is not yet completely clear. We aimed to evaluate in this study the characteristics of childhood thyroid cancer in patients particularly in terms of coexisting factors including autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATD). Twenty patients diagnosed with primary thyroid cancer were evaluated retrospectively in a Pediatric Endocrinology clinic for 10 years. Patients were followed up for 57.22±11 months. Concomitant conditions (thyroidal and/or extra thyroidal) were determined. Most of the patients (80%) had a coexisting factor. ATDs are the most frequently encountered among them (40%). The ages at the time of diagnosis were older; and the tumor sizes were smaller in patients with concomitant ATDs than without autoimmune thyroid disorders. The follow-up characteristics were similar in both groups. In conclusion, ATDs are frequently encountered in association with thyroid cancer during childhood and adolescence. A thyroid autoimmunity may facilitate the development of a malignant thyroid tumor; on the other hand, increased attention to the thyroid gland may facilitate frequent diagnosis of thyroid cancer. A close follow-up of ATD patients should also include the evaluation of the development of thyroid malignancy.