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Summary: In this paper, we investigate the performance of a rate‐splitting multiple access (RSMA)‐based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)‐assisted uplink hybrid satellite‐terrestrial network. We consider three different scenarios based on the channel phase knowledge at the IRS, namely, the ideal, partial, and blind cases. In the ideal case, the IRS has full knowledge of both the user‐to‐IRS and IRS‐to‐satellite channel phase information. In the partial case, the IRS has only the user‐to‐IRS channel phase information. Last, in the blind case, the IRS has no any knowledge of the phase information. We assume that the user‐to‐IRS channel follows Rician fading, and the IRS‐to‐satellite channel follows the shadowed Rician fading. The closed‐form tight outage probability expressions for all three scenarios are derived. The accuracy of the derivations is confirmed by simulation results. In addition, it is shown that the performance of the RSMA‐based system is superior to those of the conventional non‐orthogonal and orthogonal multiple access‐based systems with a small number of reflecting elements at high target rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Microscopy Research & Technique is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Growth in fish is characterized by length and weight and studies that encompassing relationships among the fish length and weigh with some morphometric traits provide crucial information in the field of fish biology. High correlations (or multicollinearity) among the morphometric traits in fish morphology studies is a well-known phenomenon. If the relationship between growth and morphometry is modeled using the ordinary least squares estimator (OLS), the parameter estimates are likely to be too large in absolute value and possibly have the wrong sign due to the problem of multicollinearity. The ridge regression (RR) estimator has been proposed to avoid the adverse effects of multicollinearity among the regressors. In this study, therefore, multiple linear RR was used to model relationship fish length and fish weight to some predictive metric traits. Predictive traits were predorsal length, head length, post dorsal length, head height, and eye diameter. Data were derived from a total of 126 Capoeta damascina individuals sampled from the Euphrates, Türkiye. The ridge optimal k-parameter, producing acceptable variance influence factor (VIF<10), was determined as 0.021 for both of growth indices considering a combination of ridge trace and VIF trace plots and MSE and VIF values produced from an array of k values (0.0= k=1.00). Although, small decreases were observed in the adjusted R-square values (ARS) obtained by RR compared to the ARS values obtained by OLS, a significant decrease in VIF values outweighs this drawback, indicating that the models are more stable. The methodological approach and findings in this study may contribute to filling a gap in the literature regarding the relationships between fish growth and morphology. Additionally, it could enhance better growth predictions for different fish species, aiding sustainable fisheries management and the selective cultivation of desired fish traits in aquaculture by improving the understanding of morphometric features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the performance of the system in which the satellite communicates with multiple users by means of a high altitude platform station (HAPS), which is served as a relay, using the rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) technique is investigated. The link between satellite and HAPS is free space optic (FSO) while the links between HAPS and users are radio frequency (RF). Using appropriate channel models for the considered hybrid satellite-aerial-terrestrial networks with FSO/RF transmission, the outage probability expressions of the users are derived in closed form and validated by computer simulations. The throughput of the users and the system is calculated by using outage probabilities. The effect of various shadowing and turbulence effects on the user outage performance is studied. Moreover, the RSMA-based system and the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based system are compared in terms of system throughput and it is shown that the RSMA-based system outperforms the NOMA-based system with the increasing number of users. For example, for a 20 dBm transmit power in a 4-user scenario, RSMA provides a 0.16 bpcu throughput gain over NOMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) / Kazahskij Nacional'nyj Universitet Imeni Al'-Farabi Vestnik Seriâ Vostokovedeniâ is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assessed the adequacy of patient data entry in the context of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in the Hospital Information Administration System. It was also aimed to study the adequacy and functionality of the ICD-10 coding in the current Turkish Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) practice in detail. The medical records of 1216 patients who presented to the ORL outpatient clinic between 2012 and 2013 were reviewed. Eight diagnostic codes used by the ORL department were selected from the patient diagnoses report to form patient lists. The accessibility of the ICD-10 codes was analyzed. The data was transferred into the MEdCalc 12.0 software package in a digital medium. The study data was analyzed using frequency tables, Chi-square test, and the two sided likelihood ratio test. Among the ICD-10 codes included in the study, the larynx malignant neoplasm diagnosis (C32.9) was recorded at a rate of 60% and had the greatest ratio of recorded medical history, followed by malignant disorders (C32.3) of the laryngeal cartilage, vertigo (R42) (12.4%) whereas facial asymmetry (Q67.0) (10.5%) had the lowest recorded medical history ratios. There was a significant difference between the recorded and unrecorded patient groups (p [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 873-7]