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Lignin is considered as a promising bio-sourced precursor for more sustainable and low-cost carbon fibers (CFs). However, lignin-based CFs generally have a poor graphitic structure, compared to polyacrylonitrile CFs. In this paper, we present an original approach that uses graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) as a templating agent to promote the formation of graphitic structure in the fibers at low carbonization temperature. Both lignin and hybrid lignin/GOLC CFs were carbonized/graphitized up to 2700 °C. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements manifest a significant improvement in graphitic structure and a preferred orientation of graphene planes for lignin/GOLC fibers. These effects are the result of axial propagation of the templated graphitic order nucleated by the large GO flakes. The current approach reveals the possibility of preparing low-cost lignin-based CFs with improved graphitic structure and high electrical conductivity at low temperature for electrochemical or smart textile applications.

International audience; The detection of Pb 2+ was performed using a completely inkjet printed multi-walled carbon nanotube (IJP-MWNT) sensor employing anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) using Osteryoung square wave stripping voltammetry (OSWV) as the detection step. The MWNT ink was prepared in water using bile salts (BS) as a surfactant, which was further washed out with DI water and then remaining MWNT was used as an electrode surface. The IJP-MWNT electrode was used as the working electrode with a platinum wire and glass capillary Ag/AgCl as auxiliary and reference electrode, respectively. The electrode was optimized in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH = 4.3) and had a linear range of 5-50 ppb (R 2 = 0.98235) a sensitivity of 20.15 nA/ppb and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.632 ppb for Pb 2+. The analytical applicability of electrode was tested in a real drinking water sample (i.e.) Cincinnati tap water with a linear range of 15-70 ppb (R 2 = 0.98752) a sensitivity of 2.654 nA/ppb and a LOD of 1.269 ppb for Pb 2+ .

In the area of influence of the Integrated Territorial Intervention (ITI) of Castro Verde, field trials were carried out in the year of 2012/13, to study the behaviour of three species of cereal crops (wheat, triticale and oat), each with two varieties, subjected to three fertilization strategies. These strategies fertilizer units applied in each species / variety were identical, varying only the design and establishment of fertilizer according to the company supplier / manufacturer (ADP Fertilizantes, Cadubal/Yara e Deiba). In all three tested species (wheat, triticale and oats) were obtained different grain yield values. The oatmeal reached the lowest grain yield (1686kgha‑1), with identical values for each of the varieties under study (‘Sta. Eulália’ and ‘Sta. Rita’). In wheat and triticale grain yield was similar with respectively 2212 and 2280kgha‑1. However, in these species, it is an advantage of the varieties under study. For wheat variety ‘Ingenio’ with 2428kgha‑1and triticale variety ‘Trimour’ with 2617kgha‑1were the varieties that achieved the highest grain yield, although with significant differences only in triticale. It was found in this way, better adaptation to soil and climatic conditions of some species / varieties, while the effect of fertilization strategy did not influence significantly grain yield., Na área de influência da Intervenção Territorial Integrada (ITI) de Castro Verde instalaram-se, no ano agrícola 2012/13, ensaios de campo para avaliar o comportamento de três espécies de cereais (trigo, triticale e aveia), cada qual com duas variedades, sujeitas a três estratégias de fertilização. Nestas estratégias, as unidades fertilizantes aplicadas em cada espécie/variedade foram idênticas, variando apenas a formulação e a constituição do adubo, de acordo com a empresa fornecedora/fabricante (ADP Fertilizantes, Cadubal/Yara e Deiba). Nas três espécies em estudo (trigo, triticale e aveia) obtiveram-se valores de produção de grão diversos. A aveia foi a que obteve a produção de grão mais baixa (1686kgha‑1), com valores idênticos para cada uma das variedades estudadas (‘Sta. Eulália’ e ‘Sta. Rita’). No trigo e no triticale, a produção de grão foi semelhante, respectivamente, 2212 e 2280kgha‑1. Para o trigo, a variedade ‘Ingenio’ com 2428kgha‑1e para o triticale, a variedade ‘Trimour’ com 2617kgha‑1foram as que atingiram as produtividades mais elevadas, embora com diferenças significativas apenas no triticale. Constatou-se, desta forma, melhor adaptação aos condicionalismos edafo-climáticos de algumas espécies/variedades, enquanto o efeito da estratégia de fertilização não influenciou, de modo significativo, a produção de grão.

Na área de influência da Intervenção Territorial Integrada (ITI) de Castro Verde instalaram-se, no ano agrícola 2012/13, ensaios de campo para avaliar o comportamento de três espécies de cereais (trigo, triticale e aveia), cada qual com duas variedades, sujeitas a três estratégias de fertilização. Nestas estratégias, as unidades fertilizantes aplicadas em cada espécie/variedade foram idênticas, variando apenas a formulação e a constituição do adubo, de acordo com a empresa fornecedora/fabricante (ADP Fertilizantes, Cadubal/Yara e Deiba). Nas três espécies em estudo (trigo, triticale e aveia) obtiveram-se valores de produção de grão diversos. A aveia foi a que obteve a produção de grão mais baixa (1 686 kg ha‑1), com valores idênticos para cada uma das variedades estudadas (‘Sta. Eulália’ e ‘Sta. Rita’). No trigo e no triticale, a produção de grão foi semelhante, respectivamente, 2 212 e 2 280 kg ha‑1. Para o trigo, a variedade ‘Ingenio’ com 2 428 kg ha‑1 e para o triticale, a variedade ‘Trimour’ com 2 617 kg ha‑1 foram as que atingiram as produtividades mais elevadas, embora com diferenças significativas apenas no triticale. Constatou-se, desta forma, melhor adaptação aos condicionalismos edafo-climáticos de algumas espécies/variedades, enquanto o efeito da estratégia de fertilização não influenciou, de modo significativo, a produção de grão., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 40 n.º spe (2017)

National audience; Nous discutons les signatures Raman de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets (single-wall carbon nanotubes,SWNT) et de feuillets de graphène monofeuillets (single layer graphene, SLG) dispersés dans l’eau (fig. 1) et leurorigine physique. Les encres de SWNT sont stabilisées avec des tensio-actifs. Les études optiques dans le procheinfrarouge permettent de mesurer simultanément le signal Raman et le signal de photoluminescence caractéristiquedes nanotubes dispersés à l’échelle individuelle (fig. 2, gauche). Le signal de PL est sensible à l’environnementdiélectrique des nanotubes et permet d’étudier les interactions avec le tensio-actif [1]. A fortes concentrations, lesSWNT forment des phases cristal liquide et l’étude de la polarisation des signaux Raman/PL conduit à la mesure du paramètre d’ordre orientationnel [2]. Les encres de SWNT peuvent être déposées par jet d’encre, les textures des dépôts et leur conductivité électrique dépendent de la concentration des encres [3]. Des encres de graphène SLG, baptisées ‘‘eau de graphène’’ peuvent être préparées sans tensioactif en dispersant despolyélectrolytes de SLG dans de l’eau dégazée [4]. Les signatures Raman des SLG dispersées dans l’eau sontvoisines de celles des SLG suspendues dans l’air (fig. 2), avec des décalages modérés des bandes principales quisont discutées en terme de dopage et de contraintes mécaniques [5]. Les défauts ponctuels observés sur les SLG dispersées dans l’eau peuvent être facilement éliminés par un recuit des dépôts à 800°C. References [1] F. Torres-Cañas et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 119 (2015), pp. 703-709 [2] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011), pp. 3272-3278 [3] F. Torres-Cañas et al, Mat. Res. Exp. 4 (2016) [4] G. Bepete et al, Nature Chem. 9 (2016), pp. 347-352 [5] G. Bepete et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 120 (2016), pp. 28204-28214

International audience; Processing routes and characterization methods commonly used in carbon nanotubes research require agood dispersion of nanotubes in liquid media. In particular, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) mustbe dispersed, preferably as individuals in order to tap their full potential in optical applications [1]. Onesensitive probe of dispersion is photoluminescence (PL), since it is quenched as long as semiconductingSWNT are bundled with metallic ones. However, the detailed interpretation of the mechanismsresponsible for PL and the relation between PL intensity and dispersion state are still a matter ofcontroversy [2].In this work, we present new insights on the near infrared photoluminescence of aqueous suspensions ofSWNT stabilized by bile salts surfactants. In one hand, the dispersion of the nanotubes is probed byabsorption spectroscopy, where the absorption coefficient shows high sensitivity to nanotube exfoliation.On the other hand, we revisit the interpretation of the NIR-PL spectra, and we discuss the differentphysical mechanisms responsible of the PL, i.e. Direct Excitonic Transitions (DET), Exciton-PhononCoupling (EPC), and Exciton Energy Transfer (EET) between nanotubes [3-7]. Finally, we discuss thekinetics of PL as a function of sonication time and debundling/exfoliation of SWNT (Figure 1).References [1] S. M. Bachilo, et al. Science, 298 (2002). pp 2361-2366.[2] V.C Moore, et al. Nano letters, 3 (2003). pp 1379-1382.[3] T. Ando, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, 66(4) (1997). pp. 1066-1073.[4] J. Maultzsch, et al. PRB, 72(24) (2005). pp. 241402.[5] F. Wang, et al. Science, 308(5723) 2005. pp. 838-841.[6] S. Chou, et al. PRL, 94(12) (2005), pp. 127402.[7] P. Tan, et al. PRL, 99(13) (2007) pp. 137402.

International audience; Strategic approaches for dispersing and/or orienting SWNT in films and composites are essential for controling and optimizing their properties [1,2]. Dispersion in a liquid phase is the most efficient way to exfoliate the bundles into individual SWNT. Additives, most often surfactants, have to be used because of the poor solubility of SWNT in all solvents. However, the presence of surfactants in the final films/composites can drastically change their properties. In this talk, we show that a simple dialysis process opens a new route for stabilizing aqueous inks with high concentrations of individual SWNT without surfactant, and for preparing surfactant-free polymer-based composites [3]. Coupled Raman/ photoluminescence spectroscopy studies allow to probe in situ both the dispersion of the nanotubes and the nature of the molecules adsorbed on their surface. We demonstrate a spontaneous exchange between surfactant molecules (bile salts) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains at the surface of the nanotubes, and a forced exchange by dialysis for both PVA and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) [3].On the other hand, we study the processing of SWNT aqueous inks into patterned deposits by inkjet printing. We show that a good control of both the morphology of inkjet printing lines and of the alignment of SWNT in these lines can be achieved by tuning the SWNT concentration, inter-drop distance and substrate temperature. Using polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy, we present an original method to determine the spatial distribution of nanotubes in the deposits as well as their orientation. We show that two types of line morphologies can be obtained: homogeneous deposits or pairs of ‘‘railway tracks’’. Highly oriented SWNT patterns can be observed in the “railways tracks” and at the edge of the homogeneous lines. References:[1] Ph. Avouris. Acc. Chem. Res. (2002) 35, 1026[2] P. M Ajayan et al, Nature. (2007) 447, 1066[3] F. Torres-Canas et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 703 (2015)[4] F. Torres-Canas et al, in preparation

International audience; Processing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) into thin films or composite nanomaterials, are key issues to take advantage of their mechanical, electrical and optical properties. In this talk, we will review our recent results on the preparation, structure and optical properties of SWNT-based inks, nanocomposites and thin films.

This thesis focus on the study of inks, composites and deposits of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The control of dispersion and orientation of nanotubes in such nanostructured composites materials allows to optimize their properties, and especially their electrical and optical properties.The first part of the work is devoted to the optimization of dispersion of SWNT in aqueous suspensions stabilized by bile salts surfactants, and to the study of their optical properties, and especially their near infrared photoluminescence (PL). Dispersion of the nanotubes is probed by absorption spectroscopy. We show that their absorption coefficient is very sensitive to the individualization of the nanotubes. On the other hand, we revisit the interpretation of the PL spectra excited in the near infrared (especially at 1.17 and 1.58 eV), and we assign the different peaks to different mechanisms, namely direct excitonic transitions, exciton-phonon coupling, and energy transfer between nanotubes. We show that the evolution of PL intensity as a function of individualization allows to distinguish the different mechanisms.The second part of the work is dedicated to the preparation of aqueous suspensionsstabilized by hydrosoluble polymers (PVA and PVP), and SWNT/polymer composites, without surfactants. SWNT suspensions are mixed with polymer solutions, and then the surfactant is removed by dialysis. The yield, i.e. the relative concentration of SWNT in the dialyzed suspension, is ~75 times higher than for a suspension prepared directly with polymers. On the other hand, PL signatures are sensitive to the dielectric environment of the nanotubes which allows to evidence an exchange between the dispersing agents bile salts/PVA on the nanotube surface, such an exchange is not observed in the case of PVP.In the third part of the thesis, we use the inkjet printing technique to print continuous micrometric lines of SWNT, and we propose original methods to study their morphology and their anisotropy. The morphology of the deposits varies between two limit cases, an homogeneous deposit and a ‘‘pair of tracks'', by varying nanotube concentration in the inks, inter-drop distance and substrate temperature. The orientation of the nanotubes is very high at the edge of the deposits (orientational order parameter S between 0.6 y 0.9), the nanotubes are well-oriented as well in the tracks (S~0.5) and to a lesser extent in the homogeneous lines (S~0.3).; Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'encres, de composites et de dépôts de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets (SWNT). Le contrôle de la dispersion et de l'orientation des nanotubes dans ces matériaux composites nanostructurés vise à optimiser leurs propriétés, en particulier électriques et optiques.La première partie du travail est consacrée à l'optimisation de la dispersion des SWNT dans des suspensions aqueuses stabilisées par des tensio-actifs, des sels biliaires, et à l'étude de leurs propriétés optiques, et en particulier de leur photoluminescence (PL) dans le proche infrarouge. La spectroscopie d'absorption nous permet de sonder la dispersion des SWNT et de mesurer leur coefficient d'absorption. Nous montrons que ce dernier est très sensible au degré d'individualisation des nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous revisitons l'interprétation des spectres de PL excités dans le proche infrarouge (en particulier à 1,17 et 1,58 eV) et attribuons les différents pics mesurés à différents mécanismes : transitions excitoniques directes, à des couplages exciton-phonon ou à des transferts d'énergie entre nanotubes. Nous montrons que l'évolution de l'intensité de PL avec l'individualisation permet de distinguer ces différents mécanismes.La seconde partie du travail est dédiée à la préparation de suspensions aqueuses stabilisées par des polymères hydrosolubles (PVA et PVP), et de composites SWNT/polymère, sans tensio-actifs. Les suspensions de nanotubes sont mélangées à des solutions de polymère, puis dialysées pour éliminer le tensio-actif. Le rendement, i.e. la concentration de la suspension finale, est de l'ordre de 75 fois plus élevée que pour une suspension préparée directement avec des polymères. Par ailleurs, les spectres de PL sont sensibles à l'environnement diélectrique des nanotubes et leur étude permet de mettre en évidence un échange entre les agents dispersants tensio-actifs/PVA à la surface des nanotubes, échange qui n'est pas observé dans le cas du PVP. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous utilisons la technique d'impression jet d'encre pour imprimer des lignes continues micrométriques de SWNT, et proposons des méthodes originales pour étudier leur morphologie et leur anisotropie. La morphologie des dépôts peut varier entre deux cas limites, le dépôt homogène et la ‘‘paire de rails'', en faisant varier la concentration de nanotubes dans les encres, la distance entre gouttes et la température du substrat. L'orientation des nanotubes au bord des dépôts est très élevée (paramètre d'ordre orientationnel S entre 0,6 et 0,9), les nanotubes sont également bien orientés dans les rails (S~0.5) et dans une moindre mesure dans les lignes homogènes S~0.3.

We review the optical spectroscopy signatures of carbon nanotubes and graphene dispersed in aqueous suspensions.

International audience; Nanotube-based patterns and films have exciting potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.One of the key issues to optimize the electrical and optical properties of nanotubearrays is the control of their orientation. So far, orientation of nanotubes in thin films wasachieved i) directly during CVD growth [1], ii) using liquid dispersions: by dielectrophoresis [2],in an hydrodynamic flow [3,4], in the field of an host liquid crystal [5], by formation of a liquidcrystal in concentrated suspensions [6], or iii) by stretching composites [7]. However, versatileand industry-compatible methods are still needed, and inkjet printing appears to be a goodcandidate. Recently, Denneulin et al. reported an heterogeneous orientation of SWNT in inkjetprinted lines, with a preferential orientation parallel to the lines at the edges and perpendicularin the sub-surface [8]. On the other hand, Beyer et al. reported an homogeneous alignmentparallel to the lines for inkjet printed SWNT, and assigned it to the formation of a nematic phasefor special printing rates [9].Here, we present a coupled Raman/SEM study of the alignment of SWNT during inkjet printingof aqueous suspensions as a function of temperature, nanotube concentration and printingconditions. We report a very good alignment of the nanotubes, especially at the edges of theprinted patterns, and we discuss the contributions of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics to theorientation.References[1] K. Hata et al, Science (2004), 306, 132002 ; [2] S. Shekhar et al. ACS Nano (2011), 5, 1739; [3] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, Nano Lett., (2008), 8 (12), 4103 ; [4] Q. Li et al, J. Phys. Chem.B (2006), 110, 13926 ; [5] N. Ould-Moussa et al, Liq. Cryst. (2013), 40, 12 ; [6] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, Phys. Rev. E. (2011), 84, 062701 ; [7] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, Phys. Rev. B.(2009), 80, 113407 ; [8] A. Denneulin et al, Carbon (2011), 49, 2603 ; [9] S.T. Beyer et al.Langmuir (2012), 28, 8753.

International audience; Carbon nanotubes are widely used as nanocharges in polymer matrix composites for improving mechanical or electrical properties. Nanocomposites can be prepared either in the solid or in the liquid state, and in the latter case by mixing nanotubes with either melted polymers or polymer solutions. Dispersion of SWNT with high yields, as well as high amounts of individual nanotubes, can be prepared in water with the help of surfactants. However, when using such suspensions as precursors for nanocomposites, the final materials will contain some surfactants which will influence their physical properties. On the other hand, dispersing nanotubes directly in polymer solutions without using surfactants leads to low yields and poor individualization.In this work, we propose an alternative and simple way to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in aqueous solutions of two hydrosoluble polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). We measure the yield using visible-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and we probe both the chemical environment of the nanotubes and the effectiveness of individualization from coupled Raman/photoluminescence studies. First, we mix aqueous suspensions of SWNT stabilized with bile salts (BS) with solutions of PVA, and we evidence a direct exchange of BS molecules and PVA chains at the surface of SWNT. By contrast, no exchange is observed with PVP. Second, we show that a simple dialysis process leads to the preparation of aqueous suspensions of SWNT covered by PVA or PVP with high yields and an effective individualization of the nanotubes. This simple method opens a new way for preparing surfactant-free polymer matrice composites with high concentrations of individual SWNT.

International audience; Nanotube-based patterns and films have exciting potential applications in electronics and opto-electronics. One of the key issues to optimize the electrical and optical properties of nanotube arrays is the control of their orientation. So far, orientation of nanotubes in thin films was achieved i) directly during CVD growth [1], ii) using liquid dispersions: by electrophoresis [Herman], in an hydrodynamic flow [Poulin,Li], in the field of an host liquid crystal [Ould-Moussa], by formation of a liquid crystal in concentrated suspensions [Zamora-nem], or iii) by stretching composites [Zamora-pol]. However, versatile and industry-compatible methods are still needed, and inkjet printing appears to be a good candidate. Recently, Denneulin et reported an heterogeneous orientation of SWNT in inket printed lines, with a preferential orientation parallel to the lines at the edges and perpendicular in the sub-surface [Denneulin]. On the other hand, Beyer et al reported an homogeneous alignment parallel to the lines for inkjet printed SWNT, and assigned it to the formation of a nematic phase for special printing rates [Beyer]. Here, we present a coupled Raman/SEM study of the alignment of SWNT during inkjet printing of aqueous suspensions as a function of temperature, nanotube concentration and printing conditions. We report a very good alignment of the nanotubes, especially at the edges of the printed patterns, and we discuss the contributions of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics to the orientation.

International audience; Carbon nanotubes are widely used as nanocharges in polymer matrix composites for improvingmechanical or electrical properties. Nanocomposites can be prepared either in the solid or in theliquid state, and in the latter case by mixing nanotubes with either melted polymers or polymersolutions. To date, controlled dispersion of CNTs in a solution or a composite remains achallenge, due to the strong van der Waals binding energies associated with the CNTaggregates. Dispersion of nanotubes with high yields, as well as high amounts of individualnanotubes, can be prepared in water with the help of surfactants. However, when using suchsuspensions as precursors for nanocomposites, the final materials will contain some surfactantswhich will influence their physical properties. On the other hand, dispersing nanotubes directlyin polymer solutions without using surfactants leads to low yields and poor individualization.In this work, we propose an alternative and simple way to disperse single-walled carbonnanotubes (SWNT) in aqueous solutions of two hydrosoluble polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). We measure the yield using visible-NIR absorptionspectroscopy, and we probe both the chemical environment of the nanotubes and theeffectiveness of individualization from coupled Raman/Photoluminescence studies. First, we mixaqueous suspensions of SWNT stabilized with bile salts (BS) with aqueous solutions of PVA,and we evidence a direct exchange of BS molecules and PVA chains at the surface of SWNT.By contrast, no exchange is observed with PVP. Second, we show that a simple dialysisprocess leads to the preparation of aqueous suspensions of SWNT covered by PVA or PVPwith high yields and an effective individualization of the nanotubes. This simple method opens anew way for preparing surfactant-free polymer matrix composites with high concentrations ofindividual SWNT.

International audience; Most of the current SWNTs production today is used to process bulk composite materials and thin films for exploiting their intrinsic properties at the macroscopic scale. However, the poor control of their distribution and orientation lead to unorganized architectures and limited properties [1]. Besides mechanical properties, electrical and optical properties are the most widely studied. However, various kinds of photoluminescent (PL) nanotube-based composites can be prepared only when the tubes are well dispersed as individuals in the composites [2-4]. Indeed, contacts between nanotubes quench the PL intensity. On the other hand, contacts are required to obtain some electrically conductive materials.In this work we propose and compare different strategies to sort and control the number and nature of contacts in order to control both the PL and electrical (conductivity) properties of SWNTs-based composites [2-4]. These approaches include the control of the quantity of SWNTs, the quantity and nature of the dispersing agents used to disperse them, and their orientational order. We especially work on thin films and thin layers of polymer composites, as well as inorganic gels. Different optical spectroscopy techniques, i.e. absorption, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, are used to study the dispersion and orientation of the nanotubes [2-4]. Electrical measurements are achieved using two and four point probes.[1] Michael F. L. De Volder et al. Science 339, (2013) 535[2] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, J. Phys. Chem. C, 116 (25), (2012) 13760[3] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, Phys. Rev. E 84, (2011) 062701[4] C. Zamora-Ledezma et al, Carbon 46, (2008) 1253-1269

Partial and non-adherence to medication is a common problem in schizophrenia, leading to an increased risk of relapse, increased likelihood of hospitalization and poorer long-term outcomes. In contrast, continuous medication in the treatment of schizophrenia is associated with positive outcomes, including improved clinical status, improved quality of life and functioning, and reduced risk of relapse and rehospitalization. Strategies aimed at improving medication adherence are therefore key for patients to achieve their treatment goals. In an attempt to address the issues of partial/non-adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia, a group of psychiatrists convened to discuss and develop a set of principles aimed at helping patients adhere to their medication. These principles were then refined and developed into the STAY (the Six principles to improve Treatment Adherence in Your patients) initiative following presentation to a wider group of psychiatrists from across Europe. This manuscript summarizes these principles and explains the rationale for their selection. These principles are: (1) recognizing that most patients with schizophrenia are at risk of partial/non-adherence at some time during the course of their illness; (2) the benefits of a good therapeutic alliance for identifying potential adherence issues; (3) tailored treatment plans to meet an individual's needs, including the most suitable route of delivery of antipsychotic medication; (4) involving family/key persons in care and psychoeducation of the patient, assuming the patient agrees to this; (5) ensuring optimal effectiveness of care; and (6) ensuring continuity in the care of patients with schizophrenia. The application of these six principles should help to raise awareness of and address poor patient adherence, as well as generally improving care of patients with schizophrenia. In turn, this should lead to improved overall clinical outcomes for patients receiving long-term treatment for schizophrenia.