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Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar los intervalos de corte (30, 60 y 90 días) y el manejo de la nutrición en la morera: sin fertilizantes minerales ni canavalia intercalada e inoculada con HMA (F0); fertilización mineral a razón de 150 y 75 kg ha-1 de N y K2O por época del año (FM), respectivamente; y canavalia intercalada e inoculada con HMA (CeHMA). El diseño fue de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial, y el suelo se clasifica como Ferralítico Rojo lixiviado. En la época lluviosa, los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con CeHMA y corte cada 90 días (entre 10,99 y 6,85 kg ha-1 de MS), y en la época poco lluviosa este indicador fue mayor en FM (entre 3,56 y 2,52 kg ha-1 de MS). La producción de biomasa comestible por corte a los 90 días mostró diferencias entre tratamientos a favor de FM en el primer corte y de CeHMA en el segundo corte. CeHMA con el intervalo de 90 días alcanzó una proporción de hojas superior a la media poblacional en la época lluviosa, no así en la poco lluviosa. El rendimiento de PB en la época lluviosa fue mayor en FM con los intervalos de 60 y 90 días, y en CeHMA en el intervalo de 90 días. Se concluye que el intervalo de corte cada 90 días fue el mejor, y que resultó factible intercalar la canavalia inoculada con HMA en la época de lluvia. La época del año determinó la cuantía de la producción de forraje y de proteína bruta, la cual fue tres veces mayor en la época lluviosa.

An understanding of the interaction between rice and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, under green fertilization, may lead to sustainable agricultural practices. Nevertheless, this interaction is still poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, dry matter, and protein and N recovery efficiency from Canavalia ensiformis (L.)-15N in rice inoculated with DSE fungi. An experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted in a randomized complete block design comprising split-plots, with five replicates of rice plants potted in non-sterilized soil. Rice (Piauí variety) seedlings were inoculated with DSE fungi, A101 and A103, or left uninoculated (control) and transplanted into pots containing 12 kg of soil, which had previously been supplemented with dry, finely ground shoot biomass of C. ensiformis enriched with 2.15 atom % 15N. Two collections were performed in the experiment: one at 54 days after transplanting (DAT) and one at 130 DAT (at maturation). Growth indicators (at 54 DAT), grain yield, nutrient content, recovery efficiency, and the amount of N derived from C. ensiformis were quantified. At 54 DAT, the N content, chlorophyll content, and plant height of inoculated plants had increased significantly compared with the control, and these plants were more proficient in the use of N derived from C. ensiformis. At maturation, plants inoculated with A103 were distinguished by the recovery efficiency and amount of N derived from C. ensiformis and N content in the grain and shoot being equal to that in A101 inoculation and higher than that in the control, resulting in a higher accumulation of crude protein and dry matter in the full grain and panicle of DSE-rice interaction. In addition, Fe and Ni contents in the grains of rice inoculated with these fungi doubled with respect to the control, and in A103 inoculation, we observed Mn accumulation that was three times higher than in the other treatments. Our results suggest that the inoculation of rice with DSE fungi represents a strategy to improve green manure-N recovery, grain yield per plant, and grain quality in terms of micronutrients contents in cropping systems with a low N input.

A study was conducted in order to evaluate the cutting intervals (30, 60 and 90 days) and the nutrition management in mulberry: without mineral fertilizers or intercropped and AMFinoculated Canavalia ensiformis (F0); mineral fertilization at a rate of 150 and 75 kg ha-1 of N and K2O per season (MF), respectively; and intercropped and AMF-inoculated C. ensiformis (CeAMF). The design was randomized blocks with factorial arrangement, and the soil is classified as lixiviated Ferralitic Red. In the rainy season, the highest yields were obtained with CeAMF and cutting every 90 days (between 10,99 and 6,85 kg DM ha-1), and in the dry season this indicator was higher in MF (between 3,56 and 2,52 kg DM ha-1). The edible biomass production per cutting at 90 days showed differences among treatments in favor of MF in the first cutting and of CeAMF in the second cutting. CeAMF with the 90-day interval reached a proportion of leaves higher than the population mean in the rainy season, unlike the dry season. The CP yield in the rainy season was higher in MF with the 60- and 90-day intervals, and in CeAMF in the 90-day interval. It is concluded that the cutting interval every 90 days was the best, and that it was feasible to intercrop AMF-inoculated C. ensiformis in the rainy season. The season determined the amount of forage and crude protein production, which was three times higher in the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An understanding of the interaction between rice and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, under green fertilization, may lead to sustainable agricultural practices. Nevertheless, this interaction is still poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, dry matter, and protein and N recovery efficiency from Canavalia ensiformis (L.)- 15 N in rice inoculated with DSE fungi. An experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted in a randomized complete block design comprising split-plots, with five replicates of rice plants potted in non-sterilized soil. Rice (Piauí variety) seedlings were inoculated with DSE fungi, A101 and A103, or left uninoculated (control) and transplanted into pots containing 12 kg of soil, which had previously been supplemented with dry, finely ground shoot biomass of C. ensiformis enriched with 2.15 atom % 15 N. Two collections were performed in the experiment: one at 54 days after transplanting (DAT) and one at 130 DAT (at maturation). Growth indicators (at 54 DAT), grain yield, nutrient content, recovery efficiency, and the amount of N derived from C. ensiformis were quantified. At 54 DAT, the N content, chlorophyll content, and plant height of inoculated plants had increased significantly compared with the control, and these plants were more proficient in the use of N derived from C. ensiformis . At maturation, plants inoculated with A103 were distinguished by the recovery efficiency and amount of N derived from C. ensiformis and N content in the grain and shoot being equal to that in A101 inoculation and higher than that in the control, resulting in a higher accumulation of crude protein and dry matter in the full grain and panicle of DSE-rice interaction. In addition, Fe and Ni contents in the grains of rice inoculated with these fungi doubled with respect to the control, and in A103 inoculation, we observed Mn accumulation that was three times higher than in the other treatments. Our results suggest that the inoculation of rice with DSE fungi represents a strategy to improve green manure-N recovery, grain yield per plant, and grain quality in terms of micronutrients contents in cropping systems with a low N input.