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TREASURE is a multidisciplinary European project focused on the development of activities for the benefit of sustainable pork chains based on European local pigs. One of its main objectives is the genetic characterization of local pig breeds participating in the project, by using genetic and genomic tools. The most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analysed in order to identify useful markers for authentication, traceability, conservation and breeding programmes. A panel of 32 SNPs were selected and a genotyping chip was designed and employed to genotype 48 animals from each one of 20 breeds included in the project (Schwäbisch Hällisches, Iberian, Black Majorcan, Basque, Gascon, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Apulo Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Black Sicilian, Sarda, Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Old Lithuanian White, Alentejano, Bisaro, Mangalitsa, Moravka, Krskopolje). Twenty seven SNPs located in 24 genes were succesfully genotyped (MC1R, TYRP1, NR6A, PCK1, RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, PHKG1, SCD, GBP5, TAS2R39, TAS2R4, MUC4, ESR1, CYP2E1, LEP, CAST, MTTP, CYB5A, FTO, PPARGC1A, CAPN1, PPARD, CTSL). Results show very interesting findings, as lack or scarce segregation of markers in genes involved in coat color or productive and reproductive traits, such as MC1R, ESR1 or CTSL in all the analysed breeds, with useful implications for traceability. On the other hand, major gene alleles with contrasted effects on production and fatness (such as RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, LEP), meat quality (SCD, CAST, MTTP) or disease resistance (MUC4, GBP5) segregate in most breeds, in some cases with intermediate frequencies, opening selection possibilities. These results joint with ongoing genomic, transcriptomic and metagenomic assays, will provide essential information regarding genetic diversity, structure, selective signatures and population-specific biological processes responsible for specific production and quality traits. TREASURE project is funded under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant no. 634476.

Après la seconde vaccination pour l’immunocastration, les porcs immunocastrés augmentent leur niveau alimentaire, ce qui induit une augmentation des dépôts lipidiques préjudiciables à la valorisation économique des carcasses. L’objectif de l’étude a été de comparer la consommation volontaire d’aliment par des porcs immunocastrés recevant trois aliments différant par leur teneur en énergie nette (EN ; 9,10, 9,59 ou 10,07 MJ/kg) entre l’âge de 91 jours et l’abattage (à environ 172 jours). L’expérience a été conduite sur 45 porcs, logés individuellement, dont la consommation volontaire et le poids vif ont été mesurés chaque semaine. L’épaisseur de lard dorsal a été mesurée toutes les 3 semaines. A l’abattage, les carcasses ont été pesées et leur état d’engraissement a été caractérisé (épaisseur de lard dorsal, proportion de gras intermusculaire dans le cou, surface de gras adjacente au Longissimus dorsi et teneur en gras intramusculaire dans le Longissimus dorsi). Les résultats indiquent que les porcs recevant les deux régimes à faible teneur en EN ingèrent moins d’EN (33,92 vs 36,91 MJ/j avec le régime à 10,07 MJ/kg ; P = 0,05). La comparaison avec les résultats de la bibliographie indique que la capacité maximale d’ingestion d'aliment des porcs n’a pas été atteinte pendant l’expérience, suggérant que d’autres facteurs sont impliqués dans la régulation de l’ingestion chez le porc. La réduction de la teneur en EN du régime de 5% a permis de réduire l’épaisseur de lard dorsal et le poids de la bardière sans modifier le poids de la carcasse mais une réduction supplémentaire de la teneur en EN n’a pas entraîné de diminution supplémentaire de l’adiposité des carcasses., The second vaccination for immunocastration induces an increase in feed intake and fat deposition in immunocastrated pigs, which reduces carcass leanness. The objective of the study was to compare voluntary feed intake of immunocastrated pigs that received three diets differing in their net energy content (NE; 9.10, 9.59 or 10.07 MJ/kg) between 91 days of age and slaughter (around 172 days of age). The experiment involved 45 individually‐housed pigs whose voluntary feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. Backfat thickness was measured every 3 weeks. At slaughter, carcasses were weighed and their fattening status was described (backfat thickness, percentage of intermuscular fat in the neck, backfat area adjacent to Longissimus dorsi, and intramuscular fat content in Longissimus dorsi). The pigs that received the two lowest dietary NE content decreased their NE intake (33.92 vs 36.91 MJ/d with the highest dietary NE content; P = 0.05). Literature data indicate that pigs did not reach their maximal intake capacity during the experiment, which suggests that other factors may be involved in regulation of feed intake in pigs. The decrease in dietary NE content by 5% reduced backfat thickness and backfat weight with no effect on carcass weight, but a supplementary decrease in dietary NE content did not further decrease carcass adiposity.

Session : Management and nutrition of entire male growing pigs (not boar taint); absent

TREASURE is a multidisciplinary European project focused on the development of activities for the benefit of sustainable pork chains based on European local pigs. One of its main objectives is the genetic characterization of local pig breeds participating in the project, by using genetic and genomic tools. The most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analysed in order to identify useful markers for authentication, traceability, conservation and breeding programmes. A panel of 32 SNPs were selected and a genotyping chip was designed and employed to genotype 48 animals from each one of 20 breeds included in the project (Schwäbisch Hällisches, Iberian, Black Majorcan, Basque, Gascon, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Apulo Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Black Sicilian, Sarda, Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Old Lithuanian White, Alentejano, Bisaro, Mangalitsa, Moravka, Krskopolje). Twenty seven SNPs located in 24 genes were succesfully genotyped (MC1R, TYRP1, NR6A, PCK1, RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, PHKG1, SCD, GBP5, TAS2R39, TAS2R4, MUC4, ESR1, CYP2E1, LEP, CAST, MTTP, CYB5A, FTO, PPARGC1A, CAPN1, PPARD, CTSL). Results show very interesting findings, as lack or scarce segregation of markers in genes involved in coat color or productive and reproductive traits, such as MC1R, ESR1 or CTSL in all the analysed breeds, with useful implications for traceability. On the other hand, major gene alleles with contrasted effects on production and fatness (such as RYR1, IGF2, MC4R, LEP), meat quality (SCD, CAST, MTTP) or disease resistance (MUC4, GBP5) segregate in most breeds, in some cases with intermediate frequencies, opening selection possibilities. These results joint with ongoing genomic, transcriptomic and metagenomic assays, will provide essential information regarding genetic diversity, structure, selective signatures and population-specific biological processes responsible for specific production and quality traits. TREASURE project is funded under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant no. 634476.