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This article explores the challenges of integrating two deep learning neural networks, YOLOv5 and RT-DETR, to enhance the recognition of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within the optical-electronic channels of Sensor Fusion systems. The authors conducted an experimental study to test YOLOv5 and Faster RT-DETR in order to identify the average accuracy of UAV recognition. A dataset in the form of images of two classes of objects, UAVs, and birds, was prepared in advance. The total number of images, including augmentation, amounted to 6337. The authors implemented training, verification, and testing of the neural networks exploiting PyCharm 2024 IDE. Inference testing was conducted using six videos with UAV flights. On all test videos, RT-DETR-R50 was more accurate by an average of 18.7% in terms of average classification accuracy (Pc). In terms of operating speed, YOLOv5 was 3.4 ms more efficient. It has been established that the use of RT-DETR as the only module for UAV classification in optical-electronic detection channels is not effective due to the large volumes of calculations, which is due to the relatively large number of parameters. Based on the obtained results, an algorithm for combining two neural networks is proposed, which allows for increasing the accuracy of UAV and bird classification without significant losses in speed.

Abstract Background Based on participatory research tools and analysis with a gender focus, we aim to identify the knowledge associated with native plants of the Atlantic Forest in one Quilombola community whose territory is juxtaposed with a protected area, in South Brazil. Methods Through the perception of the residents of the Quilombola community of São Roque, we classified the availability, harvesting intensity, abundance, and importance of fourteen plants native to the Atlantic Forest found in their territory. These fourteen plants were selected after initial interviews with a free listing of plants done with all adults (44 people), followed by plant collection and identification. A participatory workshop was built with the community to collect data through three activities: four-cell tool, environment matrix, and importance matrix. To identify the gender nuances in the knowledge within this community, all activities were separated into two groups based on the gender of the 22 participants (9 women and 13 men) and the researchers. Results The species Pau-pra-tudo (Picrasma crenata), Quina (Coutarea hexandra), and Cipó-milome (Aristolochia triangularis) were similarly classified as important by both groups, which indicates the cultural and environmental relevance associated with them regardless of gender. The perceptions of other species were expressed differently between the groups, showing the variance of the ecological knowledge and the relationship between the sociocultural contexts of gender and the knowledge manifested. The final part of the workshop was a lecture given by two community experts about herbal medicines based on forest species found in the territory. Conclusions Based on the multiple forms of results recorded in the workshop, we discuss the demand for inclusion of the traditional community in land management plans of environmental agencies, highlighting how individual characteristics, such as gender, can fill gaps in data about local biodiversity.

Abstract Background and objectives The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been recognized for its benefits for human health and sustainability for the planet, but it has considered not easy to reproduce in other populations. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project (Planeterranea), aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on local foods with the same MD features. The aim of our study is to develop a MD-based food pyramid for Asian populations. Methods Asia was stratified into six areas according to pedo-climatic conditions. For each region a comprehensive scoping review of local crops and typical foods was conducted on several databases such as the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s database, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) website, and PubMed, focusing on both plant-based and animal-based foods. Narrative review was then conducted on the identified foods to determine their nutritional composition and planetary health impact. Finally, the collected information was used to build up the Asian food pyramid with details for each respective region. Results We proposed a food pyramid for Asian countries, guaranteeing the same nutritional intake and health benefits as MD, by considering dietary habits and typical foods of this population. From the bottom to the top, Asian fruits and vegetables present similar nutritional profile as those in MD. Whole grains (barley) may represent valid alternative to white rice. Sesame oil represents a source of unsaturated fats and an alternative to olive oil. Legumes (soybean), edible insects, mushrooms and algae, guarantee an adequate intake of plant-based proteins with a complete amino-acid profile and a low environmental impact with respect to animal-based ones. Conclusions This work is a new insight of healthy and sustainable local food system based on MD principles for the Asian population.

Background Heat-altered stones (HAS) are commonly reported in prehistoric sites across several continents, yet they continue to be generally overlooked and systematic studies on them are scarce. Methods We performed a systematic literature review which consisted of searching journal articles, book chapters and books published in English, in Scopus and Web of Science. We collected information on their geographic distribution, chronology, composition, technological aspects and subsistence contexts from 73 records. Our aims were to assess the challenges and opportunities of analysing HAS, while highlighting that this class of artefacts is still largely an untapped source of information on prehistoric human activities. Results HAS have been documented since the Pleistocene, attesting that culinary and non-culinary activities using heating stones emerged among foraging groups subsisting on hunting, fishing and gathering. The high frequency of HAS during the middle and late Holocene testifies to the continuation of some practices over long time periods, amid the emergence of new food systems, and the introduction of new resources and technologies, such as domesticated plants and animals, and ceramic containers. A considerable lack of studies on HAS from Africa, Oceania, Asia, and South America was noted, all of which are key geographic areas for assessing the role of heating stones in human evolution, geographic dispersal, early cuisine and diet, and cultural transmission across the globe. Conclusions Our results highlight the persistent challenges archaeologists face in establishing fundamental definitions and diagnostic criteria for identifying HAS, while emphasizing the importance of HAS as essential elements for studying ancient foodways and cultural heritage. We call on archaeologists and cultural heritage managers to reconsider the heritage value of HAS and include them in specialised research agendas before significant knowledge of our past is lost.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer, but it is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the likelihood of gastric cancer metastasizing to the peritoneum, optimal management strategies for this population remain undefined. We carried out a retrospective analysis to present our findings on patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with peritoneal metastases (CP) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). To better understand the data, we compared these patients with AGC patients without CP who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery, as well as with another group of patients who underwent upfront surgery. Patients who undergo surgery and HIPEC achieve a higher survival rate than patients in the literature who undergo only palliative chemotherapy with a median overall survival of 28 months with a low incidence of major complications.

Unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring surveys are used to assess a dune restoration project in the protected natural area of the Bevano River mouth on the northern Adriatic coast (Ravenna, Italy). The impacts of the installed fences to aid dune development are quantified in terms of sand volume and vegetation cover changes over 5 years using a systematic data processing workflow based on structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and the Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) toolset applied to two drone surveys in 2016 and 2021. Accuracy assessment is performed using statistical analysis between ground-truth and model elevation data. Results show that the fence proves to be effective in promoting recovery and growth since significant sand deposition was observed along the dune foot and front – a total area of 3799 m2, volume of 1109 m3, and average depositional depth of 0.29 m. Progradation of around 3–5 m of the foredune and embryo development were also evident. There was a decrease in blowout features of about 155 m2 due to increased deposition and vegetation colonization. There was also an average percent increase of 160 % on wave-induced driftwood and/or debris along the beach and of 9.6 % vegetation within the fence based on the cover analysis on selected transects. Erosion of around 1439 m2 is apparent mostly at the northern portion of the structure, which could be accounted for by the aerodynamic and morphodynamic conditions around the fence and its configuration to trap sediments and efficiency in doing so. Overall, dune fencing coupled with limiting debris cleaning along the protected coast was effective. The proposed workflow can aid in creating transferable guidelines to stakeholders in integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) implementation on Mediterranean low-lying sandy coasts.

It is difficult to continue to separate anthropological conceptions of the individual (responsible, capable, autonomous, fragile, vulnerable…) and the evolution of the State, law and public services. In such a context, and in the face of questions about what the State is and what it does today, the human sciences are rich thanks to the sociological work and concepts of Jean-Louis Genard. This contribution traces the path taken by Jean-Louis Genard’s sociology on the joint mutations of the state, rights, power, capacity, the individual and administration. It begins by examining the current reconfigurations of public action (management, participation, expertise, etc.), in close connection with an examination of anthropological forms (responsibility, capacity, autonomy, etc.). Secondly, we describe the main lines of the book entitled Pouvoir et ne pas pouvoir (IES, coll. “Le geste social”), written with Jean-Louis Genard before his death, whose aim is to enrich classical conceptions of power and the state. This contribution can be read as a gesture to be extended, a call to be passed on, an invitation to continue research on the State, based on a decompartmentalized approach and a spirit of critical dialogue and free examination.

Summary: Growing antibiotic resistance has encouraged the revival of phage-inspired antimicrobial approaches. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a very promising research domain for the protection against infectious diseases. Yet, very few efforts have been made to combine the advantages of both approaches in a modular, retargetable platform. Here, we foster the M13 bacteriophage as a multifunctional scaffold, enabling the selective photodynamic killing of bacteria. We took advantage of the well-defined molecular biology of M13 to functionalize its capsid with hundreds of photo-activable Rose Bengal sensitizers and contemporarily target this light-triggerable nanobot to specific bacterial species by phage display of peptide targeting moieties fused to the minor coat protein pIII of the phage. Upon light irradiation of the specimen, the targeted killing of diverse Gram(−) pathogens occurred at subnanomolar concentrations of the phage vector. Our findings contribute to the development of antimicrobials based on targeted and triggerable phage-based nanobiotherapeutics.

Osteoporosis (OP) and Dermatoporosis (DP) are expressions of the aging process at the skin and bone levels, respectively. Both conditions are associated with increased morbidity for elderly people, and this requires necessary interventions. They share many common risk factors; among these, vitamin D (VD) deficiency appears to have a role. VD is involved in either disease with many mechanisms, among which immunomodulation. VD deficiency has been linked to OP because it inhibits the body’s capacity to absorb calcium and maintain optimal bone health. Available evidence suggests that proper vitaminosis D also appears to be vital in preventing skin age-related issues. DP is often seen in elderly individuals, particularly those with long-term sun exposure and a history of chronic sun damage. VD deficiency can be linked to DP, since its involvement in collagen production, epidermal barrier function, inflammation regulation, wound healing, and sun protection. Aim of this review is to summarize the most updated existing evidence on the role of VD in the development of fragility syndromes such as DP and OP and the possible benefits of VD supplementation as a simple and harmful weapon against aging.

This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteric viruses in mussels and oysters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-four marketed bivalve samples were obtained between January and December 2022. The viral analysis was performed according to ISO/TS 15216, and the screening revealed the detection of norovirus GII/GI (40.3%), sapovirus (SaV; 12.7%), human mastadenovirus (7.5%), and rotavirus A (RVA; 5.9%). In total, 44.8% (60) of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, 46.7% (28/60) of the positive samples tested positive for a single viral agent, 26.7% (16) tested positive for two viral agents, 8.3% (5) for three viral agents, and 13.3% (8) for four viral agents. Additionally, three mussel samples were contaminated with the five investigated viruses (5%, 3/60). Norovirus GII showed the highest mean viral load (3.4 × 105 GC/g), followed by SaV (1.4 × 104 GC/g), RVA (1.1 × 104 GC/g), human mastadenovirus (3.9 × 103 GC/g), and norovirus GI (6.7 × 102 GC/g). Molecular characterization revealed that the recovered norovirus strains belonged to genotypes GII.2, GII.6, GII.9, GII.17, and GII.27; SaV belonged to genotypes GI.1 and GIV.1; RVA to genotypes G6, G8, P[8]-III, and human mastadenovirus to types F40 and F41. The GII.27 norovirus characterized in this study is the only strain of this genotype reported in Brazil. This study highlights the dissemination and diversity of gastroenteric viruses present in commercialized bivalves in a touristic area, indicating the potential risk to human health and the contribution of bivalves in the propagation of emerging pathogens.

Peculiar non-vascular ceramic slabs of uncertain use were found in two different Etruscan settlements of the Po Delta region (San Basilio di Ariano nel Polesine and Adria, North-East Italy) dated back to the first millennium BC. Different interpretations concerning the primary role of these fragments have been suggested by previous scholars. To bring to light an understanding of the construction processes that appear to be unique to the San Basilio and Adria settlements, a multi-analytical approach has been carried out. Macroscopic observations enabled these materials to be preliminary subdivided into groups based on chromatic features, followed by the identification of their chemical composition through FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Moreover, the open porosity was estimated by the total water absorption test, and the superficial morphology and elemental composition of specific samples were analyzed using SEM-EDS. Furthermore, the firing temperature of a few selected fragments was evaluated by the TGA-DSC technique in order to investigate ancient production techniques. The results of the research lead us to consider the role of these peculiar non-vascular ceramic slabs as building materials due to their specific protective properties, considering the environmental conditions of the Po Delta region.