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3. Dust aerosol, clouds, and the atmospheric optical depth record over 5 Mars years of the Mars Exploration Rover mission

Author

Lemmon, Mark T., Wolff, Michael J., Bell III, James F., Smith, Michael D., Cantor, Bruce A., and Smith, Peter H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Dust aerosol plays a fundamental role in the behavior and evolution of the Martian atmosphere. The first five Mars years of Mars Exploration Rover data provide an unprecedented record of the dust load at two sites. This record is useful for characterization of the atmosphere at the sites and as ground truth for orbital observations. Atmospheric extinction optical depths have been derived from solar images after calibration and correction for time-varying dust that has accumulated on the camera windows. The record includes local, regional, and globally extensive dust storms. Comparison with contemporaneous thermal infrared data suggests significant variation in the size of the dust aerosols, with a 1 {\mu}m effective radius during northern summer and a 2 {\mu}m effective radius at the onset of a dust lifting event. The solar longitude (LS) 20-136{\deg} period is also characterized by the presence of cirriform clouds at the Opportunity site, especially near LS=50 and 115{\deg}. In addition to water ice clouds, a water ice haze may also be present, and carbon dioxide clouds may be present early in the season. Variations in dust opacity are important to the energy balance of each site, and work with seasonal variations in insolation to control dust devil frequency at the Spirit site., Comment: 60 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Icarus

Published
2014
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7. Atmospheric movies acquired at the Mars Science Laboratory landing site: Cloud morphology, frequency and significance to the Gale Crater water cycle and Phoenix mission results

Author

Moores, John E., Lemmon, Mark T., Rafkin, Scot C.R., Francis, Raymond, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, de la Torre Juárez, Manuel, Bean, Keri, Kass, David, Haberle, Robert, Newman, Claire, Mischna, Michael, Vasavada, Ashwin, Rennó, Nilton, Bell, Jim, Calef, Fred, Cantor, Bruce, Mcconnochie, Timothy H., Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Wong, Michael, Smith, Michael D., Javier Martín-Torres, F., Zorzano, María-Paz, Kemppinen, Osku, and McCullough, Emily

Published
2015
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9. Observational evidence of a suppressed planetary boundary layer in northern Gale Crater, Mars as seen by the Navcam instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover

Author

Moores, John E., Lemmon, Mark T., Kahanpää, Henrik, Rafkin, Scot C.R., Francis, Raymond, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Bean, Keri, Haberle, Robert, Newman, Claire, Mischna, Michael, Vasavada, Ashwin R., de la Torre Juárez, Manuel, Rennó, Nilton, Bell, Jim, Calef, Fred, Cantor, Bruce, Mcconnochie, Timothy H., Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Wong, Michael H., Smith, Michael D., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, María-Paz, Kemppinen, Osku, and McCullough, Emily

Published
2015
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10. The Mars Dust Cycle

Author

Kahre, Melinda A., primary, Murphy, James R., additional, Newman, Claire E., additional, Wilson, R. John, additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, and Wolff, Michael J., additional

Published
2017
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13. Pre- and Post-entry, Descent and Landing Assessment of the Martian Atmosphere for the Mars 2020 Rover

Author

Mischna, Michael A., primary, Villar, Gregory, additional, Kass, David M., additional, Dutta, Soumyo, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Tyler, Daniel, additional, Barnes, Jeffrey, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Hinson, David, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Kleinböhl, Armin, additional, and Karlgaard, Chris, additional

Published
2022
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16. Distribution of Mid-Latitude Ground Ice on Mars from New Impact Craters

Author

Byrne, Shane, Dundas, Colin M., Kennedy, Megan R., Mellon, Michael T., McEwen, Alfred S., Cull, Selby C., Daubar, Ingrid J., Shean, David E., Seelos, Kimberly D., Murchie, Scott L., Cantor, Bruce A., Arvidson, Raymond E., Edgett, Kenneth S., Reufer, Andreas, Thomas, Nicolas, Harrison, Tanya N., Posiolova, Liliya V., and Seelos, Frank P.

Published
2009
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17. MOSAIC: A Satellite Constellation to Enable Groundbreaking Mars Climate System Science and Prepare for Human Exploration

Author

Lillis, Robert J., primary, Mitchell, David, additional, Montabone, Luca, additional, Heavens, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Tanya, additional, Stuurman, Cassie, additional, Guzewich, Scott, additional, England, Scott, additional, Withers, Paul, additional, Chaffin, Mike, additional, Curry, Shannon, additional, Ao, Chi, additional, Matousek, Steven, additional, Barba, Nathan, additional, Woolley, Ryan, additional, Smith, Isaac, additional, Osinski, Gordon R., additional, Kleinböhl, Armin, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Kass, David, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Forget, François, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Deighan, Justin, additional, Brecht, Amanda, additional, Bougher, Stephen, additional, Fowler, Christopher M., additional, Andrews, David, additional, Patzold, Martin, additional, Peter, Kerstin, additional, Tellmann, Silvia, additional, Lester, Mark, additional, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, additional, Luhmann, Janet, additional, Leblanc, François, additional, Halekas, Jasper, additional, Brain, David, additional, Fang, Xiaohua, additional, Espley, Jared, additional, Opgenoorth, Hermann, additional, Vaisberg, Oleg, additional, Hinson, David, additional, Asmar, Sami, additional, Vander Hook, Joshua, additional, Karatekin, Ozgur, additional, Barjatya, Aroh, additional, and Tripathi, Abhishek, additional

Published
2021
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18. Daily Global Mapping of Mars Ozone Column Abundances with MARCI UV Band Imaging

Author

Clancy, R. Todd, Wolff, Michael J, Lefevre, Franck, Cantor, Bruce A, Malin, Michael C, and Smith, Michael D

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Since November of 2006, The Mars Color Imager (MARCI) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has obtained multiple-filter daily global images of Mars centered upon a local time (LT) of 3 pm. Ultraviolet imaging bands placed within (260 nm) and longward (320 nm) of Hartley band (240-300 nm) ozone (O3) absorption support retrievals of atmospheric ozone columns, with detection limits (approximately 1 micrometer-atm) appropriate to mapping elevated O3 abundances at low latitudes around Mars aphelion, and over mid-to-high latitudes during fall/winter/spring seasons. MARCI O3 maps for these regions reveal the detailed spatial (approximately 1 deg lat/long, for 8 x 8 pixel binned resolution) and temporal (daily, with substantial LT coverage at pole) behaviors of water vapor saturation conditions that force large variations in water vapor photolysis products (HOx-OH, HO2, and H) responsible for the catalytic destruction of O3 in the Mars atmosphere. A detailed description of the MARCI O3 data set, including measurement and retrieval characteristics, is provided in conjunction with comparisons to Mars Express SPICAM ozone measurements (Perrier, S. et al. [2006]. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 111) and LMD GCM simulated O3 abundances (Lefevre, F. [2004]. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 109). Presented aspects of the MARCI ozone mapping data set include aphelion increases in low latitude O3, dynamically evolving high latitude O3 maxima associated with planetary waves and weather fronts during northern early spring, and distinctive winter/spring O3 and CO increases within the Hellas Basin associated with transport of condensation enhanced south polar air mass. Comparisons of coincident MARCI measurements and LMD simulations for ice cloud and O3 columns are considered in the context of potential heterogeneous photochemical processes (Lefevre, F. [2008]. Nature 454, 971-975), which are not strongly evidenced in the MARCI observations. Modest interannual variations are exhibited, most notably a 20% reduction in aphelion low latitude O3 columns following the 2007 perihelic global dust storm.

Published
2015
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19. MOSAIC: A satellite constellation to enable groundbreaking mars climate system science and prepare for human exploration

Author

Lillis, Robert J., Mitchell, David, Montabone, Luca, Heavens, Nicholas, Harrison, Tanya, Stuurman, Cassie, Guzewich, Scott, England, Scott, Withers, Paul, Chaffin, Mike, Curry, Shannon, Ao, Chi, Matousek, Steven, Barba, Nathan, Woolley, Ryan, Smith, Isaac, Osinski, Gordon R., Kleinböhl, Armin, Tamppari, Leslie, Mischna, Michael, Kass, David, Smith, Michael, Wolff, Michael, Kahre, Melinda, Spiga, Aymeric, Forget, François, Cantor, Bruce, Deighan, Justin, Brecht, Amanda, Bougher, Stephen, Fowler, Christopher M., Andrews, David, Patzold, Martin, Peter, Kerstin, Tellmann, Silvia, Lester, Mark, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, Luhmann, Janet, Leblanc, François, Halekas, Jasper, Brain, David, Fang, Xiaohua, Espley, Jared, Opgenoorth, Hermann J., Vaisberg, Oleg, Hinson, David, Asmar, Sami, Vander Hook, Joshua, Karatekin, Ozgur, Barjatya, Aroh, Tripathi, Abhishek, Lillis, Robert J., Mitchell, David, Montabone, Luca, Heavens, Nicholas, Harrison, Tanya, Stuurman, Cassie, Guzewich, Scott, England, Scott, Withers, Paul, Chaffin, Mike, Curry, Shannon, Ao, Chi, Matousek, Steven, Barba, Nathan, Woolley, Ryan, Smith, Isaac, Osinski, Gordon R., Kleinböhl, Armin, Tamppari, Leslie, Mischna, Michael, Kass, David, Smith, Michael, Wolff, Michael, Kahre, Melinda, Spiga, Aymeric, Forget, François, Cantor, Bruce, Deighan, Justin, Brecht, Amanda, Bougher, Stephen, Fowler, Christopher M., Andrews, David, Patzold, Martin, Peter, Kerstin, Tellmann, Silvia, Lester, Mark, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, Luhmann, Janet, Leblanc, François, Halekas, Jasper, Brain, David, Fang, Xiaohua, Espley, Jared, Opgenoorth, Hermann J., Vaisberg, Oleg, Hinson, David, Asmar, Sami, Vander Hook, Joshua, Karatekin, Ozgur, Barjatya, Aroh, and Tripathi, Abhishek

Abstract

The Martian climate system has been revealed to rival the complexity of Earth's. Over the last 20 yr, a fragmented and incomplete picture has emerged of its structure and variability; we remain largely ignorant of many of the physical processes driving matter and energy flow between and within Mars' diverse climate domains. Mars Orbiters for Surface, Atmosphere, and Ionosphere Connections (MOSAIC) is a constellation of ten platforms focused on understanding these climate connections, with orbits and instruments tailored to observe the Martian climate system from three complementary perspectives. First, low-circular near-polar Sun-synchronous orbits (a large mothership and three smallsats spaced in local time) enable vertical profiling of wind, aerosols, water, and temperature, as well as mapping of surface and subsurface ice. Second, elliptical orbits sampling all of Mars' plasma regions enable multipoint measurements necessary to understand mass/energy transport and ion-driven escape, also enabling, with the polar orbiters, dense radio occultation coverage. Last, longitudinally spaced areostationary orbits enable synoptic views of the lower atmosphere necessary to understand global and mesoscale dynamics, global views of the hydrogen and oxygen exospheres, and upstream measurements of space weather conditions. MOSAIC will characterize climate system variability diurnally and seasonally, on meso-, regional, and global scales, targeting the shallow subsurface all the way out to the solar wind, making many first-of-their-kind measurements. Importantly, these measurements will also prepare for human exploration and habitation of Mars by providing water resource prospecting, operational forecasting of dust and radiation hazards, and ionospheric communication/positioning disruptions.

Published
2021
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21. MARCI and MOC observations of the atmosphere and surface cap in the north polar region of Mars

Author

Cantor, Bruce A., James, Philip B., and Calvin, Wendy M.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Analysis, Clouds -- Analysis, Dust storms -- Analysis, Ice caps -- Analysis, Summer solstice -- Analysis, Planets -- Atmosphere, Planets -- Analysis, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.032 Byline: Bruce A. Cantor (a), Philip B. James (b), Wendy M. Calvin (c) Keywords: Mars; Mars, Polar caps; Mars, Atmosphere Abstract: We used MGS-MOC and MRO-MARCI daily mapping images of the North Polar Region of Mars from 16 August 2005 (L.sub.s =270[degrees]) to 21 May 2009 (L.sub.s =270[degrees]), covering portions of three consecutive martian years (MY 27-MY 29), to observe the seasonal behavior of the polar ice cap and atmospheric phenomena. The rate of cap regression was similar in MY 28 and MY 29, but was advanced by 3.5[degrees] of L.sub.s ([approximately equal to]7-8sols) in MY 29. The spatial and temporal behaviors of dust and condensate clouds were similar in the two years and generally in accord with prior years. Dust storms (>100km.sup.2) were observed in all seasons, with peak activity occurring at L.sub.s =10-20[degrees] from 50[degrees]N to 70[degrees]N and at L.sub.s =135-140[degrees] from 70[degrees]N to 90[degrees]N. The most active quadrant was 0-90[degrees]W in MY 28, shifting to 180-270[degrees]W in MY 29. The majority of regional storms in both years developed in longitudes from 10[degrees]W to 60[degrees]W. During late summer the larger storms obscure the North Polar Region in a cloud of dust that transitions to north polar hood condensate clouds around autumnal equinox. Changes in the distribution of perennial ice deposits, especially in Olympia Planum, were observed between the 2years, with the MY 29 ice distribution being the most extensive observed to date. Modeling suggests that the small, bright ice patches on the residual cap are not the result of slope or elevation effects. Rather we suggest that they are the result of local meteorological effects on ice deposition. The annual darkening and brightening of peripheral areas of the residual cap around summer solstice can be explained by the sublimation of a brighter frost layer revealing an underlying darker, ice rich layer that itself either sublimes to reveal brighter material below or acts as a cold trap, attracting condensation of water vapor that brightens the surface. An alternative explanation invokes transport and deposition of dust on the surface from the cap interior, and later removal of that dust. The decrease in cap albedo and accompanying increase in near surface atmospheric stability may be related to the annual minimum of polar storm activity near northern summer solstice. Author Affiliation: (a) Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92191, United States (b) Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, #205, Boulder, CO 80301, United States (c) University of Nevada, Department of Geological Sciences, Reno, NV 89557, United States Article History: Received 24 September 2009; Revised 20 January 2010; Accepted 25 January 2010

Published
2010

22. Ultraviolet dust aerosol properties as observed by MARCI

Author

Wolff, Michael J., Clancy, R. Todd, Goguen, Jay D., Malin, Michael C., and Cantor, Bruce A.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Analysis, Astronomy -- Analysis, Sandstorms -- Analysis, Planets -- Atmosphere, Planets -- Analysis, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.010 Byline: Michael J. Wolff (a), R. Todd Clancy (a), Jay D. Goguen (b), Michael C. Malin (c), Bruce A. Cantor (c) Keywords: Mars, Atmosphere; Ultraviolet observations; Radiative transfer Abstract: Observations by the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in two ultraviolet (UV, Bands 6 and 7; 258nm, and 320nm, respectively) and one visible (Band 1, 436nm) channels of the 2007 planet encircling dust storm are combined with those made by the two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) to better characterize the single scattering albedo (I.sub.0) of martian dust aerosols. Exploiting the low contrast of the surface in the UV (and blue) as well as the reduced importance of surface reflectance under very dusty conditions, we utilize the sampling of photometric angles by the MARCI cross-track geometry to synthesize an analog of the classical Emergence Phase Function (EPF). This so-called 'pseudo-EPF', used in conjunction with the 'ground-truth' measurements provided by the MERs, is able to effectively isolate the effects of the dust I.sub.0. The motivation for this approach is the elimination of a significant portion of the type of uncertainty involved in many previous radiative transfer analyses. Furthermore, we produce a self-consistent set of complex refractive indices (m=n+ik) through our use of an explicit microphysical representation of the aerosol scattering properties. Because of uncertainty in the exact size of the dust particles during the epoch of the observations, we consider two effective particle radii (r.sub.eff) to cover the range anticipated from the literature: 1.6 and 1.8[mu]m. The resulting set of model-data comparisons, I.sub.0, and m are presented along with an assessment of potential sources of error and uncertainty. Analysis of the Band 1 results is limited to I.sub.0 as a 'proof-of-concept' for our approach through a comparison to contemporaneous CRISM EPF results at 440nm. The derived I.sub.0 are: assuming r.sub.eff=1.6[mu]m-0.619-0.626,0.648, and 0.765, for Bands 6, 7, and 1, respectively; for r.sub.eff=1.8[mu]m-0.625-0.635,0.653,0.769, for the same band order. For either r.sub.eff case, the total estimated error is 0.022, 0.019, and 0.010, again for Bands 6, 7, and 1. We briefly discuss our retrievals, including the asymmetry parameter (g) associated with our model phase functions, within the context of previous efforts, with an emphasis on the improved precision of our results compared to those in the literature. We also suggest several applications of our results, including an extension of the dust climatological record using MARCI Band 7 pseudo-EPFs outside of 2007 global dust event. Initial work on this particular application using a sample of 135 pseudo-EPFs near the MERs suggests that optical depth retrievals with a precision in the range 0.2-0.4 may be possible under moderate loading conditions (i.e., I Author Affiliation: (a) Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA (b) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA (c) Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910149, San Diego, CA 92191, USA Article History: Received 20 August 2009; Revised 11 January 2010; Accepted 13 January 2010

Published
2010

23. Extension of atmospheric dust loading to high altitudes during the 2001 Mars dust storm: MGS TES limb observations

Author

Clancy, R. Todd, Wolff, Michael J., Whitney, Barbara A., Cantor, Bruce A., Smith, Michael D., and McConnochie, Timothy H.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Analysis, Astronomy -- Analysis, Planets -- Atmosphere, Planets -- Analysis, Sandstorms -- Analysis, Dust storms -- Analysis, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.011 Byline: R. Todd Clancy (a), Michael J. Wolff (a), Barbara A. Whitney (a), Bruce A. Cantor (b), Michael D. Smith (c), Timothy H. McConnochie (c) Keywords: Mars, Atmosphere; Mars, Climate; Mars; Atmospheres, Structure; Abundances, Atmospheres Abstract: Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) visible (solarband bolometer) and thermal infrared (IR) spectral limb observations from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) support quantitative profile retrievals for dust opacity and particle sizes during the 2001 global dust event on Mars. The current analysis considers the behavior of dust lifted to altitudes above 30km during the course of this storm; in terms of dust vertical mixing, particle sizes, and global distribution. TES global maps of visible (solarband) limb brightness at 60km altitude indicate a global-scale, seasonally evolving (over 190-240[degrees] solar longitudes, L.sub.S) longitudinal corridor of vertically extended dust loading (which may be associated with a retrograde propagating, wavenumber 1 Rossby wave). Spherical radiative transfer analysis of selected limb profiles for TES visible and thermal IR radiances provide quantitative vertical profiles of dust opacity, indicating regional conditions of altitude-increasing dust mixing ratios. Observed infrared spectral (I'=5-40[mu]m) dependences and visible-to-infrared opacity ratios of dust scattering over 30-60km altitudes indicate particle sizes characteristic of lower altitudes (cross-section weighted effective radius, r.sub.eff=1.5-2.0[mu]m), during conditions of significant dust transport to these altitudes. Conditions of reduced dust loading at 30-60km altitudes present smaller dust particle sizes (r.sub.eff[approximately equal to]0.5-1.0[mu]m). These observations suggest rapid meridional transport at 30-80km altitudes, with substantial longitudinal variation, of dust lifted to these altitudes over southern hemisphere atmospheric regions characterized by extraordinary (m/s) vertical advection velocities. By L.sub.S=230[degrees] dust loading above 50km altitudes decreased markedly at southern latitudes, with a high altitude (60-80km) haze of fine (likely) water ice particles appearing over 10[degrees]S-40[degrees]N latitudes. Author Affiliation: (a) Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, United States (b) Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA, United States (c) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States Article History: Received 10 June 2009; Revised 19 October 2009; Accepted 21 October 2009

Published
2010

24. Observing Mars from Areostationary Orbit: Benefits and Applications

Author

Montabone, Luca, primary, Heavens, Nicholas, additional, Alvarellos, Jose L., additional, Aye, Michael, additional, Babuscia, Alessandra, additional, Barba, Nathan, additional, Battalio, J. Michael, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Capderou, Michel, additional, Chojnacki, Matthew, additional, Curry, Shannon M., additional, Edwards, Charles D., additional, Elrod, Meredith K., additional, Fenton, Lori K., additional, Fergason, Robin L., additional, Gebhardt, Claus, additional, Guzewich, Scott D., additional, Kahre, Melinda A., additional, Karatekin, Ozgur, additional, Kass, David M., additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Mischna, Michael A., additional, Newman, Claire E., additional, Pajola, Maurizio, additional, Pankine, Alexey, additional, Piqueux, Sylvain, additional, Rahmati, Ali, additional, Romero-Perez, M. Pilar, additional, Sanchez-Net, Marc, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Soto, Alejandro, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Hook, Joshua Vander, additional, Wolkenberg, Paulina, additional, Wolff, Michael D., additional, Woolley, Ryan C., additional, and Young, Roland M. B., additional

Published
2021
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25. MOC observations of the 2001 Mars planet-encircling dust storm

Author

Cantor, Bruce A.

Subjects
Mars Observer (Space probe) -- Observations, Atmospheric circulation -- Observations, Dust storms -- United States, Dust storms -- Observations, Mars probes -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Atmosphere, Mars (Planet) -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.019 Byline: Bruce A. Cantor Keywords: Mars; Mars; atmosphere; Mars; climate; Mars; surface; Atmosphere dynamics Abstract: From 15 September 1997 through 21 January 2006, only a single planet-encircling martian dust storm was observed by MGS-MOC. The onset of the storm occurred on 26 June 2001 (L.sub.s=184.7[degrees]), earliest recorded to date. It was initiated in the southern mid-to-low latitudes by a series of local dust storm pulses that developed along the seasonal cap edge in Malea and in Hellas basin (L.sub.s=176.2[degrees]-184.4[degrees]). The initial expansion of the storm, though asymmetric, was very rapid in all directions (3-32 mas.sup.-1). The main direction of propagation, however, was to the east, with the storm becoming planet encircling in the southern hemisphere on L.sub.s=192.3[degrees]. Several distinct centers of active dust lifting were associated with the storm, with the longest persisting for 86 sols (Syria-Claritas). These regional storms helped generate and sustain a dust cloud ('haze'), which reached an altitude of about 60 km and a peak opacity of I.sub.dust[approximately equal to]5.0. By L.sub.s=197.0[degrees], the cloud had encircled the entire planet between 59.0[degrees] S and 60.0[degrees] N, obscuring all but the largest volcanoes. The decay phase began around L.sub.s[approximately equal to]200.4[degrees] with atmospheric dust concentrations returning to nominal seasonal low-levels at L.sub.s[approximately equal to]304.0[degrees]. Exponential decay time constants ranged from 30-117 sols. The storm caused substantial regional albedo changes (darkening and brightening) as a result of the redistribution (removal and deposition) of a thin veneer of surface dust at least 0.1-11.1 [mu]m thick. It also caused changes in meteorological phenomena (i.e., dust storms, dust devils, clouds, recession of the polar caps, and possibly surface temperatures) that persisted for just a few weeks to more than a single Mars year. The redistribution of dust by large annual regional storms might help explain the long period ([approximately equal to]30 years) between the largest planet-encircling dust storms events. Author Affiliation: Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191-0148, USA Article History: Received 14 March 2005; Revised 9 August 2006

Published
2007

26. Interannual variability of water ice clouds over major martian volcanoes observed by MOC

Author

Benson, Jennifer L., James, Philip B., Cantor, Bruce A., and Remigio, Ryan

Subjects
Mars Global Surveyor (Space probe) -- Equipment and supplies, Mars (Planet) -- Properties, Clouds -- Properties, Volcanoes -- United States, Volcanoes -- Properties, Planets -- Atmosphere, Planets -- Properties, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.03.014 Byline: Jennifer L. Benson (a), Philip B. James (a), Bruce A. Cantor (b), Ryan Remigio (b) Keywords: Mars; Mars; atmosphere Abstract: Using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera daily global maps, cloud areas have been measured daily for water ice clouds associated with the topography of the major volcanoes Olympus Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, Arsia Mons, Elysium Mons, and Alba Patera. This study expands on that of Benson et al. [Benson, J.L., Bonev, B.P., James, P.B., Shan, K.J., Cantor, B.A., Caplinger, M.A., 2003. Icarus 165, 34-52] by continuing their cloud area measurements of the Tharsis volcanoes, Olympus Mons and Alba Patera for an additional martian year (August 2001-May 2003) and by also including Elysium Mons measurements from March 1999 through May 2003. The seasonal trends in cloud activity established by Benson et al. [Benson, J.L., Bonev, B.P., James, P.B., Shan, K.J., Cantor, B.A., Caplinger, M.A., 2003. Icarus 165, 34-52] for the five volcanoes studied earlier are corroborated here with an additional year of coverage. For volcanoes other than Arsia Mons, interannual variations that could be associated with the large 2001 planet encircling dust storm are minimal. At Arsia Mons, where cloud activity was continuous in the first two years, clouds disappeared totally for [approximately equal to]85[degrees] of L.sub.S (L.sub.S=188[degrees]-275[degrees]) due to the dust storm. Elysium Mons cloud activity is similar to that of Olympus Mons, however the peak in cloud area is near L.sub.S=130[degrees] rather than near L.sub.S=100[degrees]. Author Affiliation: (a) Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA (b) Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, USA Article History: Received 23 September 2005; Revised 17 March 2006

Published
2006

27. Assessment of Environments for Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Surface Operations

Author

Vasavada, Ashwin R., primary, Chen, Allen, additional, Barnes, Jeffrey R., additional, Burkhart, P. Daniel, additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia M., additional, Fergason, Robin L., additional, Hinson, David P., additional, Justh, Hilary L., additional, Kass, David M., additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Mischna, Michael A., additional, Murphy, James R., additional, Rafkin, Scot C. R., additional, Tyler, Daniel, additional, and Withers, Paul G., additional

Published
2012
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28. The seasonal behavior of water ice clouds in the Tharsis and Valles Marineris regions of Mars: Mars Orbiter Camera Observations

Author

Benson, Jennifer L., Bonev, Boncho P., James, Philip B., Shan, Kathy J., Cantor, Bruce A., and Caplinger, Michael A.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Atmosphere, Cloud physics -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera was used to obtain global maps of the martian surface with equatorial resolution of 7.5 km/pixel in two wavelength ranges: blue (400-450 nm) and red (575-625 nm). The maps used were acquired between March 15, 1999 ([L.sub.s] = 110[degrees]) and July 31, 2001 ([L.sub.s] = 205[degrees]), corresponding to approximately one and a quarter martian years. Using the global maps, cloud area (in [km.sup.2]) has been measured daily for water ice clouds topographically corresponding to Olympus Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, Arsia Mons, Alba Patera, the western Valles Marineris canyon system, and for other small surface features in the region. Seasonal trends in cloud activity have been established for the three Tharsis volcanoes, Olympus Mons, and Alba Patera. Olympus, Ascraeus, and Pavonis Mons show cloud activity from about [L.sub.s] = 0[degrees]-220[degrees] with a peak in cloud area near [L.sub.s] = 100[degrees]. One of our most interesting observational results is that Alba Patera shows a double peaked feature in the cloud area with peaks at [L.sub.s] = 60[degrees] and 140[degrees] and a minimum near [L.sub.s] = 100[degrees]. Arsia Mons shows nearly continuous cloud activity. The altitudes of several of these clouds have been determined from the locations of the visual cloud tops, and optical depths were measured for a number of them using the DISORT code of Stamnes et al. (1988, Appl. Opt. 27, 2502-2509). Several aspects of the observations (e.g., cloud heights, effects of increased dust on cloud activity) are similar to simulations in Richardson et al. (2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 5064). A search for short period variations in the cloud areas revealed only indirect evidence for the diurnal cloud variability in the afternoon hours; unambiguous evidence for other periodicities was not found. Keywords: Mars; Mars atmosphere

Published
2003

29. Atmosphere Assessment for MARS Science Laboratory Entry, Descent and Landing Operations

Author

Cianciolo, Alicia D, Cantor, Bruce, Barnes, Jeff, Tyler, Daniel, Jr, Rafkin, Scot, Chen, Allen, Kass, David, Mischna, Michael, and Vasavada, Ashwin R

Subjects
Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance
Abstract

On August 6, 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, successfully landed on the surface of Mars. The Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) sequence was designed using atmospheric conditions estimated from mesoscale numerical models. The models, developed by two independent organizations (Oregon State University and the Southwest Research Institute), were validated against observations at Mars from three prior years. In the weeks and days before entry, the MSL "Council of Atmospheres" (CoA), a group of atmospheric scientists and modelers, instrument experts and EDL simulation engineers, evaluated the latest Mars data from orbiting assets including the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Mars Color Imager (MARCI) and Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), as well as Mars Odyssey's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). The observations were compared to the mesoscale models developed for EDL performance simulation to determine if a spacecraft parameter update was necessary prior to entry. This paper summarizes the daily atmosphere observations and comparison to the performance simulation atmosphere models. Options to modify the atmosphere model in the simulation to compensate for atmosphere effects are also presented. Finally, a summary of the CoA decisions and recommendations to the MSL project in the days leading up to EDL is provided.

Published
2013

30. EDL Atmosphere Reconstruction

Author

Chen, Allen, Cianciolo, Alicia, Lewis, Stephen, Mishna, Michael, Rafkin, Scot, Tyler, Dan, Vasavada, Ashwin, Karlgaard, Chris, Barnes, Jeff, Cantor, Bruce, Hinson, David, and Kass, David

Subjects
Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Published
2013

31. Martian north polar cap recession: 2000 Mars Orbiter Camera observations

Author

James, Philip B. and Cantor, Bruce A.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Research, Polar regions -- Research, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

The wide-angle cameras of the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor have recorded the 2000 recession of the seasonal C[O.sub.2] cap in the north polar region from [L.sub.S] = 330 [degrees] to 90 [degrees]. In stark contrast to the asymmetric behavior of the south seasonal cap, the seasonal north cap remains relatively circular and uniform until mid-spring when the retreat reaches the circum-polar dune field, which is the one major nonuniformity in the cap. The recession of cap edge latitude versus areocentric longitude ([L.sub.S]) is very well represented as a linear function until late spring; there is no evidence for the plateau or standstill in the recession curve that has been observed in some prior years. The Lambert albedo of the seasonal frost deposits in the north polar region demonstrates the increase with insolation first observed by Paige in 1985, increasing to approximately 0.57 at [L.sub.S] = 40 [degrees]. The north polar cap near solstice visually appears smaller than that observed by MOC at the start of mapping in 1999, but later images acquired in summer show the residual cap returning to its more usual shape. The most likely explanation for these changes in albedo is precipitation and subsequent removal of dust on the cap as a result of frequent dust storms near the cap edge. Key Words: Mars, atmosphere; Mars, climate.

Published
2001

32. Monitoring the Martian Weather with Areostationary SmallSats

Author

Montabone, Luca, primary, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Capderou, Michel, additional, Fergason, Robin, additional, Feruglio, Lorenzo, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Heavens, Nicholas, additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, Matousek, Steve, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Topputo, Francesco, additional, VanWoerkom, Michael, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, and Young, Roland, additional

Published
2020
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34. Phobos Disk-Integrated Photometry: 1994-1997 HST Observations

Author

Cantor, Bruce A., Wolff, Michael, J., Thomas, Peter C., James, Philip B., and Jensen, Greg

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Surface, Satellites -- Mars, Astronomical photometry -- Usage, Phase diagrams -- Analysis, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

A program of synoptic monitoring of Mars was carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope from August 8, 1994, through October 9, 1997, using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2). With the improved optics of the WFPC2 and the high angular resolution of the Planetary Camera (0.0442-0.0455 arcsec/pixel) we have been able to use these images to study the properties of the martian satellite Phobos. Phobos has been observed with the Planetary Camera from the ultraviolet (255 nm) to the near-infrared (1042 nm) in the phase range from 10.6 degrees to 40.5 degrees. Phase curves obtained with HST are consistent with results from a model (Simonelli et al. 1998, Icarus 131, 52-77) using a global-average Hapke function and a normal albedo of 0.0689. The beginning of an opposition surge along with variations in surface reflectance across Phobos were observed by HST. Disk-integrated photometry encompassing the sub-Mars point suggests the detection of Marsshine at wavelengths longward of 502 nm. Possible weak spectral absorption features seen at 953 and 1042 nm hint at the existence of pyroxene on the surface. However, spectral comparison to different meteorite types resulted in finding no conclusive analogs to the surface reflectance spectrum of Phobos. Key Words: satellites of mars; photometry.

Published
1999

35. Dust Devil Tracks and Wind Streaks in the North Polar Region of Mars: A Study of the 2007 Phoenix Mars Lander Sites

Author

Drake, Nathan B, Tamppari, Leslie K, Baker, R. David, Cantor, Bruce A, and Hale, Amy S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The 65-72 latitude band of the North Polar Region of Mars, where the 2007 Phoenix Mars Lander will land, was studied using satellite images from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera Narrow-Angle (MOC-NA) camera. Dust devil tracks (DDT) and wind streaks (WS) were observed and recorded as surface evidence for winds. No active dust devils (DDs) were observed. 162 MOC-NA images, 10.3% of total images, contained DDT/WS. Phoenix landing Region C (295-315W) had the highest concentration of images containing DDT/WS per number of available images (20.9%); Region D (130-150W) had the lowest (3.5%). DDT and WS direction were recorded for Phoenix landing regions A (110-130W), B (240-260W), and C to infer local wind direction. Region A showed dominant northwest-southeast DDT/WS, Region B showed dominant north-south, east-west and northeast-southwest DDT/WS, and region C showed dominant west/northwest - east/southeast DDT/ WS. Results indicate the 2007 Phoenix Lander has the highest probability of landing near DDT/WS in landing Region C. Based on DDT/WS linearity, we infer Phoenix would likely encounter directionally consistent background wind in any of the three regions.

Published
2006
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39. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Published
2015

40. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO₂ and H₂O of the martian atmosphere

Author

Webster, Chris R, Mahaffy, Paul R, Flesch, Gregory J, Niles, Paul B, Jones, John H, Leshin, Laurie A, Atreya, Sushil K, Stern, Jennifer C, Christensen, Lance E, Owen, Tobias, Franz, Heather, Pepin, Robert O, Steele, Andrew and the MSL Science Team, Achilles, Cherie, Agard, Christophe, Alves Verdasca, José Alexandre, Anderson, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Archer, Doug, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Arvidson, Ray, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Aubrey, Andrew, Baker, Burt, Baker, Michael, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Baratoux, David, Baroukh, Julien, Barraclough, Bruce, Bean, Keri, Beegle, Luther, Behar, Alberto, Bell, James, Bender, Steve, Benna, Mehdi, Bentz, Jennifer, Berger, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berman, Daniel, Bish, David, Blake, David F, Blanco Avalos, Juan J, Blaney, Diana, Blank, Jen, Blau, Hannah, Bleacher, Lora, Boehm, Eckart, Botta, Oliver, Böttcher, Stephan, Boucher, Thomas, Bower, Hannah, Boyd, Nick, Boynton, Bill, Breves, Elly, Bridges, John, Bridges, Nathan, Brinckerhoff, William, Brinza, David, Bristow, Thomas, Brunet, Claude, Brunner, Anna, Brunner, Will, Buch, Arnaud, Bullock, Mark, Burmeister, Sönke, Cabane, Michel, Calef, Fred, Cameron, James, Campbell, John, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Caride Rodríguez, Javier, Carmosino, Marco, Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías, Charpentier, Antoine, Chipera, Steve, Choi, David, Clark, Benton, Clegg, Sam, Cleghorn, Timothy, Cloutis, Ed, Cody, George, Coll, Patrice, Conrad, Pamela, Coscia, David, Cousin, Agnès, Cremers, David, Crisp, Joy, Cros, Alain, Cucinotta, Frank, d'Uston, Claude, Davis, Scott, Day, Mackenzie, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, DeFlores, Lauren, DeLapp, Dorothea, DeMarines, Julia, DesMarais, David, Dietrich, William, Dingler, Robert, Donny, Christophe, Downs, Bob, Drake, Darrell, Dromart, Gilles, Dupont, Audrey, Duston, Brian, Dworkin, Jason, Dyar, M Darby, Edgar, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth, Edwards, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Ehlmann, Bethany, Ehresmann, Bent, Eigenbrode, Jen, Elliott, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Ewing, Ryan, Fabre, Cécile, Fairén, Alberto, Farley, Ken, Farmer, Jack, Fassett, Caleb, Favot, Laurent, Fay, Donald, Fedosov, Fedor, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Fisk, Marty, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Floyd, Melissa, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Forni, Olivier, Fraeman, Abby, Francis, Raymond, François, Pascaline, Freissinet, Caroline, French, Katherine Louise, Frydenvang, Jens, Gaboriaud, Alain, Gailhanou, Marc, Garvin, James, Gasnault, Olivier, Geffroy, Claude, Gellert, Ralf, Genzer, Maria, Glavin, Daniel, Godber, Austin, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Golovin, Dmitry, Gómez Gómez, Felipe, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gondet, Brigitte, Gordon, Suzanne, Gorevan, Stephen, Grant, John, Griffes, Jennifer, Grinspoon, David, Grotzinger, John, Guillemot, Philippe, Guo, Jingnan, Gupta, Sanjeev, Guzewich, Scott, Haberle, Robert, Halleaux, Douglas, Hallet, Bernard, Hamilton, Vicky, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Harpold, Daniel, Harri, Ari-Matti, Harshman, Karl, Hassler, Donald, Haukka, Harri, Hayes, Alex, Herkenhoff, Ken, Herrera, Paul, Hettrich, Sebastian, Heydari, Ezat, Hipkin, Victoria, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Hudgins, Judy, Huntress, Wesley, Hurowitz, Joel, Hviid, Stubbe, Iagnemma, Karl, Indyk, Steve, Israël, Guy, Jackson, Ryan, Jacob, Samantha, Jakosky, Bruce, Jensen, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Johnson, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnstone, Steve, Jones, Andrea, Joseph, Jonathan, Jun, Insoo, Kah, Linda, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kasprzak, Wayne, Kauhanen, Janne, Keely, Leslie, Kemppinen, Osku, Keymeulen, Didier, Kim, Myung-Hee, Kinch, Kjartan, King, Penny, Kirkland, Laurel, Kocurek, Gary, Koefoed, Asmus, Köhler, Jan, Kortmann, Onno, Kozyrev, Alexander, Krezoski, Jill, Krysak, Daniel, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacour, Jean Luc, Lafaille, Vivian, Langevin, Yves, Lanza, Nina, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lee, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lees, David, Lefavor, Matthew, Lemmon, Mark, Lepinette Malvitte, Alain, Léveillé, Richard, Lewin-Carpintier, Éric, Lewis, Kevin, Li, Shuai, Lipkaman, Leslie, Little, Cynthia, Litvak, Maxim, Lorigny, Eric, Lugmair, Guenter, Lundberg, Angela, Lyness, Eric, Madsen, Morten, Maki, Justin, Malakhov, Alexey, Malespin, Charles, Malin, Michael, Mangold, Nicolas, Manhes, Gérard, Manning, Heidi, Marchand, Geneviève, Marín Jiménez, Mercedes, Martín García, César, Martin, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Martín-Torres, F Javier, Mauchien, Patrick, Maurice, Sylvestre, McAdam, Amy, McCartney, Elaina, McConnochie, Timothy, McCullough, Emily, McEwan, Ian, McKay, Christopher, McLennan, Scott, McNair, Sean, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Meyer, Michael, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Miller, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Milliken, Ralph, Ming, Douglas, Minitti, Michelle, Mischna, Michael, Mitrofanov, Igor, Moersch, Jeff, Mokrousov, Maxim, Molina Jurado, Antonio, Moores, John, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Morookian, John Michael, Morris, Richard, Morrison, Shaunna, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Muller, Jan-Peter, Muñoz Caro, Guillermo, Nachon, Marion, Navarro López, Sara, Navarro-González, Rafael, Nealson, Kenneth, Nefian, Ara, Nelson, Tony, Newcombe, Megan, Newman, Claire, Newsom, Horton, Nikiforov, Sergey, Nixon, Brian, Noe Dobrea, Eldar, Nolan, Thomas, Oehler, Dorothy, Ollila, Ann, Olson, Timothy, de Pablo Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Paillet, Alexis, Pallier, Etienne, Palucis, Marisa, Parker, Timothy, Parot, Yann, Patel, Kiran, Paton, Mark, Paulsen, Gale, Pavlov, Alex, Pavri, Betina, Peinado-González, Verónica, Peret, Laurent, Perez, Rene, Perrett, Glynis, Peterson, Joe, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Pla-García, Jorge, Plante, Ianik, Poitrasson, Franck, Polkko, Jouni, Popa, Radu, Posiolova, Liliya, Posner, Arik, Pradler, Irina, Prats, Benito, Prokhorov, Vasily, Purdy, Sharon Wilson, Raaen, Eric, Radziemski, Leon, Rafkin, Scot, Ramos, Miguel, Rampe, Elizabeth, Raulin, François, Ravine, Michael, Reitz, Günther, Rennó, Nilton, Rice, Melissa, Richardson, Mark, Robert, François, Robertson, Kevin, Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Romeral-Planelló, Julio J, Rowland, Scott, Rubin, David, Saccoccio, Muriel, Salamon, Andrew, Sandoval, Jennifer, Sanin, Anton, Sans Fuentes, Sara Alejandra, Saper, Lee, Sarrazin, Philippe, Sautter, Violaine, Savijärvi, Hannu, Schieber, Juergen, Schmidt, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Scholes, Daniel, Schoppers, Marcel, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Susanne, Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo, Sengstacken, Aaron, Shterts, Ruslan, Siebach, Kirsten, Siili, Tero, Simmonds, Jeff, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Slavney, Susie, Sletten, Ronald, Smith, Michael, Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo, Spanovich, Nicole, Spray, John, Squyres, Steven, Stack, Katie, Stalport, Fabien, Stein, Thomas, Stewart, Noel, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Stoiber, Kevin, Stolper, Ed, Sucharski, Bob, Sullivan, Rob, Summons, Roger, Sumner, Dawn, Sun, Vivian, Supulver, Kimberley, Sutter, Brad, Szopa, Cyril, Tan, Florence, Tate, Christopher, Teinturier, Samuel, ten Kate, Inge, Thomas, Peter, Thompson, Lucy, Tokar, Robert, Toplis, Mike, Torres Redondo, Josefina, Trainer, Melissa, Treiman, Allan, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David, Varenikov, Alexey, Vasavada, Ashwin, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Vicenzi, Edward, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Voytek, Mary, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Ward, Jennifer, Weigle, Eddie, Wellington, Danika, Westall, Frances, Wiens, Roger Craig, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Williams, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Wilson, Mike, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Wolff, Mike, Wong, Mike, Wray, James, Wu, Megan, Yana, Charles, Yen, Albert, Yingst, Aileen, Zeitlin, Cary, Zimdar, Robert, and Zorzano Mier, María-Paz

Subjects
isotope ratios, MSL-Radiation, Mars
Published
2013

42. Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover

Author

Hassler, Donald M., primary, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., additional, Brinza, David E., additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Böhm, Eckart, additional, Burmeister, Soenke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, Martin, Cesar, additional, Reitz, Guenther, additional, Cucinotta, Francis A., additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Bullock, Mark A., additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Vasavada, Ashwin, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Cremers, David, additional, Bell, James F., additional, Edgar, Lauren, additional, Farmer, Jack, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Milliken, Ralph, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Ehlmann, Bethany, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Griffes, Jennifer, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Siebach, Kirsten, additional, Stack, Katie, additional, Stolper, Edward, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens‐Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Squyres, Steven, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, Berger, Thomas, additional, Matthia, Daniel, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Bish, David, additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Oehler, Dorothy, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Edgett, Kenneth, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, Malin, Michael, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Summons, Roger, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Blake, David F., additional, Bristow, Thomas, additional, DesMarais, David, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Anderson, Robert C., additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, Crisp, Joy A., additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Williams, Rebecca M. E., additional, Yingst, Aileen, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Leshin, Laurie, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Grant, John, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Wilson, Sharon A., additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, McLennan, Scott, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Dietrich, William, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Palucis, Marisa, additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Rubin, David, additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Rowland, Scott, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Kocurek, Gary, additional, Hallet, Bernard, additional, Sletten, Ronald, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Arvidson, Raymond, additional, Fraeman, Abigail, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Grotzinger, J. P., primary, Sumner, D. Y., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Stack, K., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Edgar, L., additional, Rubin, D., additional, Lewis, K., additional, Schieber, J., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Milliken, R., additional, Conrad, P. G., additional, DesMarais, D., additional, Farmer, J., additional, Siebach, K., additional, Calef, F., additional, Hurowitz, J., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Ming, D., additional, Vaniman, D., additional, Crisp, J., additional, Vasavada, A., additional, Edgett, K. S., additional, Malin, M., additional, Blake, D., additional, Gellert, R., additional, Mahaffy, P., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Grant, J. A., additional, Wilson, S., additional, Anderson, R. C., additional, Beegle, L., additional, Arvidson, R., additional, Hallet, B., additional, Sletten, R. S., additional, Rice, M., additional, Bell, J., additional, Griffes, J., additional, Ehlmann, B., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Bristow, T. F., additional, Dietrich, W. E., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Eigenbrode, J., additional, Fraeman, A., additional, Hardgrove, C., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Jandura, L., additional, Kocurek, G., additional, Lee, S., additional, Leshin, L. A., additional, Leveille, R., additional, Limonadi, D., additional, Maki, J., additional, McCloskey, S., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Newsom, H., additional, Oehler, D., additional, Okon, A., additional, Palucis, M., additional, Parker, T., additional, Rowland, S., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Squyres, S., additional, Steele, A., additional, Stolper, E., additional, Summons, R., additional, Treiman, A., additional, Williams, R., additional, Yingst, A., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Bridges, Nathan, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Cremers, David, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O’Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, DeMarines, Julia, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Reitz, Günther, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Bish, David, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Brinza, David, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Cucinotta, Francis, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Bullock, Mark, additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Hassler, Donald, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Boehm, Eckart, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Burmeister, Sönke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional

Published
2014
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44. Phoenix and MRO coordinated atmospheric measurements

Author

Tamppari, Leslie K., primary, Bass, Deborah, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Daubar, Ingrid, additional, Dickinson, Cameron, additional, Fisher, David, additional, Fujii, Ken, additional, Gunnlauggson, Haraldur P., additional, Hudson, Troy L., additional, Kass, David, additional, Kleinböhl, Armin, additional, Komguem, Leonce, additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Mellon, Mike, additional, Moores, John, additional, Pankine, Alexey, additional, Pathak, Jagruti, additional, Searls, Mindi, additional, Seelos, Frank, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Smrekar, Sue, additional, Taylor, Peter, additional, Holstein-Rathlou, Christina, additional, Weng, Wensong, additional, Whiteway, Jim, additional, and Wolff, Mike, additional

Published
2010
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45. Valles Marineris cloud trails

Author

Clancy, R. Todd, primary, Wolff, Michael J., additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, and Michaels, Timothy I., additional

Published
2009
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48. Expected atmospheric environment for the Phoenix landing season and location

Author

Tamppari, Leslie K., primary, Barnes, Jeffrey, additional, Bonfiglio, Eugene, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Friedson, A. James, additional, Ghosh, Amitabha, additional, Grover, M. Rob, additional, Kass, David, additional, Martin, Terry Z., additional, Mellon, Michael, additional, Michaels, Tim, additional, Murphy, Jim, additional, Rafkin, Scot C. R., additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Tsuyuki, Glenn, additional, Tyler, Daniel, additional, and Wolff, Michael, additional

Published
2008
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49. Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Author

Malin, Michael C., primary, Bell, James F., additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Caplinger, Michael A., additional, Calvin, Wendy M., additional, Clancy, R. Todd, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Edwards, Lawrence, additional, Haberle, Robert M., additional, James, Philip B., additional, Lee, Steven W., additional, Ravine, Michael A., additional, Thomas, Peter C., additional, and Wolff, Michael J., additional

Published
2007
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