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Korean Surgical Society, Purpose: The aim of this study was to define the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients operated on for primary hyperpatathyroidism (PHPT) at university hospitals in Türkiye, and to investigate the differences in the clinical presentations of the disease between different geographical regions. Methods: Patients operated on for PHPT in the university hospitals of Türkiye were included in the study. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings and the operational data of the patients were investigated according to the whole country and to different geographical regions. Comparisons were performed according to whole country and regions. Results: A total of 1,162 cases were included in the study from different regions and 20 university hospitals. The mean age of patients was 52.4 ± 0.38 (mean ± standard error) in the general population of Türkiye. The rates of hypertension, urolithiasis, bone disease and 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency were 35%, 18.6%, 67.6%, and 63%, respectively. The median parathormone (PTH), serum total calcium (Ca+2) and phosphorus value were 220 pg/mL (range, 70-2,500 pg/mL), 11.2 mg/dL (range, 9.5-11.2 mg/dL), and 2.4 mg/dL (range, 1-4.7 mg/dL), respectively. The median size of the adenomas resected was 16 mm (range, 4-70 mm). Significant differences were observed in the clinical and laboratory findings of the patients operated on due to PHPT between different geographical regions of Türkiye (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with PHPT in different geographical regions of Türkiye differ. Furthermore, the general findings of the cases in Türkiye give us a hint that the severity of the disease here is somewhere between Eastern and Western countries. Copyright © 2016, the Korean Surgical Society., Kirdak, T.; Department of Surgery, Uludag University Faculty of MedicineTurkey; email: tkirdak@uludag.edu.tr

Liver is exposed to ischemic injury during different surgical procedures. During and after hepatic ischemia, various structural and metabolic impairment were previously reported. If has been reported that reperfusion of ischemic tissue could also cause tissue injury. Various agents were tested for prevention of these injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the usefulness of three different agents on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). We used a normothermic hepatic I/R model. Albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into five groups as follows: Sham group (SG), control group (CG), octreotide used group (OG), prostaglandin used group (PG) and diltiazem used group (DG). In each group, every rat was exposed to one hour ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion. Each I/R performed group except control was pretreated with one of the above agents. The biochemical and histological parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. All rats were observed;for postsurgical Seven days and survival time and ratio were determined. We demonstrated that these three agents have beneficial effects, especially on survival ratio. Differentiation on biochemical parameters cannot be overlooked. The best survival ratio was determined for the DG to be (p

Since storage of fluoride in the skeleton has been blamed as an etiologic factor in the development of renal osteodystrophy, we studied the influence of hemodialysis on plasma fluoride levels in 17 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis. The fluoride level in dialysate was found to be 19 micrograms/L, and 7.2 +/- 1.2 micrograms/L in healthy persons. Before hemodialysis, the mean fluoride level was 117.3 +/- 8.4 micrograms/L. It decreased to 113.3 +/- 8.5 micrograms/L at the first hour of dialysis and to 105.7 +/- 8.6 micrograms/L at the end of the dialysis, with no significance. We suggest that it would be appropriate to use "very low-fluoride" dialysate in order to reduce the plasma fluoride levels in patients with chronic renal failure.

Evidence is presented that supports a role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of various disorders of the digestive system. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the role of oxygen free radicals which are responsible for tissue damage in ischemic conditions and oxygen free radical scavengers in ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis. A total of 60 rats were grouped in six: A control group, ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis group, ethanol-sucralfate, ethanol-scavengers (namely allopurinol, E vitamin, and Ginkgo biloba extract). As a result, allopurinol and E vitamin decrease both macroscopic and microscopic lesion and also blockade lipid peroxidation. In the Ginkgo biloba extract and sucralfate groups there were extensive orisons as compared with allopurinol and E vitamin. These results suggest that removing oxygen derived free radicals may prove to be an added dimension in the management of ethanol induced erosive gastritis.

Lithium chloride (LiCl) was evaluated as a potential protective agent against ethanol-induced hemorrhagic gastritis in the experimental model. Rats treated with LiCl intragastrically had significantly less hemorrhagic gastritis than those given ethanol intragastrically and those treated with other cytoprotective agents. LiCl has been shown to decrease gastric acid secretion. This data indicates that LiCl is a potent gastric antisecretory and protective agent. The protective properties of LiCl appear to be related to acid inhibition and secretion to endogenous prostaglandin.