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Ion migration activated by illumination is a critical factor responsible for the performance decline and stability degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While ion migration has been widely believed to be much slower than charge transport, recent research suggests that, despite the lack of understanding of the mechanism, it may also be involved in a series of rapid photoelectric responses of PSCs. Here, we report an improved circuit-switched transient photoelectric technique with nanosecond temporal resolution, which enables quantitative characterization of ion migration dynamics in PSCs across a fairly broad time window. Specifically, ion migration occurring within microseconds after illumination (corresponding to a diffusion length of ∼10−7 cm) is unambiguously identified. In conjunction with the composition engineering protocol, we justify that it arises from the short-range migration of halide anions and organic cations around the contact/perovskite interface. The rapid ion migration kinetics revealed in this work strongly complement the well-established ion migration model, which offers new insights into the mechanism of ion-carrier interaction in PSC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the differences in the efficacy of commonly used topical commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs) for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug regimens. Methods: Computer searched major Chinese and English literature databases, and collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of external use of CCPPs combined with conventional treatment (CT, test group) versus CT alone (control group) in patients with VVC. After screening the literature, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool recommended in 5.3 of the Cochrane Handbook. Outcome data for each outcome measure were extracted and a network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. Results: A total of 74 RCTs with a total of 8,151 patients were included, nine interventions were involved. The results of network meta-analysis showed that, Fufang Shajiziyou suppository combined with CT was more effective in improving the negative conversion rate and controlling the recurrence rate of Candida albicans. Kangfu gel combined with CT had the better effect in relieving pruritus. Baofukang suppository combined with CT was the most effective in reducing leukorrhea. Fufukang spray combined with CT had fewer adverse reactions. Conclusion: The addition of CCPPs to CT may acquire a better curative effect in patients with VVC and external does not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse reactions. However, due to the low quality of the included literature, larger-scale, higher-quality clinical studies are still needed. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, NO: CRD42023410244. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB) is a serious wood borer of hard-wood trees. Populus alba var. pyramidalis (PaP) is the predominant shelterbelt tree species in northwestern areas of China and has been threatened by ALB. A feasible way to protect PaP from ALB is to improve its ability to resist pest attacks. Though the effect of MeJA has been tested in many plants, this is the first case thoroughly studied in a poplar species against a wood borer. Because it is a challenge to control ALB, our results not only demonstrate the response of a poplar species to wood borer infestation but also present an alternative method for poplar protection. Populus alba var. pyramidalis (PaP) is a very important and main planted tree species in northwestern China. However, it has been threatened by Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB) infestation. A feasible way to protect PaP is by improving its own insect resistance ability. In order to achieve this goal, we first checked whether ALB could induce the defense system of PaP by comparing the ALB-attracted volatiles of PaP before and after ALB infestation through the collection and identification of volatiles by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We found that attractant volatiles (Z)-3-hexenol (Z3H) and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate (Z3HA) decreased by 72.99% and 74.53% after ALB infestation, respectively. Then, the contents of the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), methyl salicylate (MeSA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and the defense substances hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxidase (POD), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the phloem of PaP were determined before and after ALB infestation by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and a manufacturer's kit, respectively. The results showed that the quantities of SA decreased, but JA and MeJA increased by 2.1 times and 3.02 times, respectively, and the increase in H2O2 and POD was also significant. Therefore, we hypothesized that MeJA might be closely related to the induced ALB resistance of PaP. Further exogenous spraying of MeJA on PaP showed that the feeding and oviposition of ALB adults were significantly decreased on PaP, confirming that MeJA could improve PaP's resistance against ALB. The concentration effect showed that 10−4 mol/L of MeJA treatment induced the strongest results. Our results clearly demonstrated the response of a poplar species to a wood borer infestation and provide an alternative method to protect PaP in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]