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This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sorafenib plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Twelve randomized controlled trials published until 28th Sep 2022 were finally included. Of the total 1746 patients, of whom 458 received sorafenib and TACE treatment (Group S+TACE), and 1288 only underwent TACE (Group TACE), were enrolled. Outcomes including time to progression (TTP), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), survival rate (SR), and adverse reactions, were extracted. The OS (HR: 0.596, 95 %CI: 0.507–0.685, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0 %) and TTP (HR: 0.379, 95 %CI: 0.205–0.553, p < 0.001; I2 = 4.5 %) in the S+TACE group were longer than those in the TACE group. The ORR (RR: 2.101, 95 %CI: 1.555–2.839, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0 %), DCR (RR: 1.547, 95 %CI: 1.126–2.126, p = 0.007; I2 = 79.6 %) and SR (RR: 1.416, 95 %CI: 1.183-1.694, p < 0.001; I2 = 83.8 %) in the S+TACE group were higher than those in the TACE group. Compared with the TCAE group, the higher odds of HFSR, oral ulcer, and diarrhea among patients with HCC complicated by PVTT were discovered in the S+TACE group. The marginal significance was found in ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding between the two groups. Sorafenib plus TACE has good efficacy and mild adverse reactions, which may be worthy of clinical promotion.

Information technologies, social media and the Internet of Things are tools that may encourage civic participation for the co-creation of public value and can strengthen the role of citizens in urban governance. This work seeks to explore of how social media and IoT based participation enhances the interaction between government and citizen, and for government, what capabilities are required for continuous citizen participation. The paper examines the power dynamics between government and citizens employing Giddens's theory of structuration as an analytical framework. In addition, dynamic capability theory has been applied to determine the capabilities of government needed for continuous civic participation, while proposing a citizen participation model for public value co-creation. The proposed model can serve as a framework for recognizing the vital role of citizens in public policymaking and public service provision in the smart era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, Shanghai is accelerating its construction into a global city of excellence. The sudden COVID-19 is a test of the emergency material support capacity of urban governance. Based on the reality of megacities and focusing on the modernization of urban governance, we will continue to improve the emergency material reserve system, enhance the production and marketing capacity of emergency materials, optimize the structure of reserve varieties, improve the allocation and distribution of reserves, improve the city’s emergency security capacity, effectively maintain the safety of urban operation, and ensure the safety and health of the people.

Akaganeite and jarosite were detected in two mudstone drill samples from Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), Gale crater by Chemistry & Mineralogy X‐Ray Diffraction (CheMin). The co‐occurrence of these two minerals is quite rare in both terrestrial and Martian aqueous environments. In order to confine the chemical conditions of paragenetic akaganeite and jarosite, and provide insight into late‐stage diagenetic alterations at VRR, we synthesized akaganeite and jarosite with varying SO42− concentrations and initial pH levels. Synthetic samples were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Our study reveals that akaganeite and jarosite exist in equilibrium in the solution with 0.011–0.028 M SO42− with respect to 0.6 M Cl− and an initial pH of 1.3–2.2. In combination with the CheMin detection results, the chemistry and pH values of the fluids at VRR can be further constrained. Considering the absence of goethite and the relative higher portion of akaganeite than jarosite in the drill samples, the pH values should be 1.4–2 and the S/Cl molar ratio should be within the range of 0.018–0.042. Based on our laboratory results, we hypothesize that the presence of akaganeite and jarosite at VRR represents an individual episode of acidic groundwater activity. During the late‐stage diagenetic process at VRR, upwelled acidic groundwater dissolved the local chlorides to form the Cl−‐dominated fluids. Subsequent evaporation further concentrated the acid saline fluids and therefore resulted in an extremely acidic environment (1.4 ≤ pH＜2 with S/Cl molar ratio of 0.018–0.042), which produced akaganeite and jarosite. Plain Language Summary: Akaganeite and jarosite have been detected in drill samples of Gale crater. But their co‐occurrence has only been found in two drill samples Stoer and Rock Hall at VRR. The formation conditions of akaganeite and jarosite at VRR remain unknown. To solve this issue, we conducted synthesis experiments under different SO42− concentrations and initial pH levels. We found that akaganeite and jarosite coprecipitate in the solution with 0.011–0.028 M SO42− with respect to 0.6 M Cl− and an initial pH of 1.3–2.2. In conjunction with the CheMin data and our experimental results, the chemistry and pH values of the fluids at VRR can be further constrained. The formation of akaganeite and jarosite at VRR likely occurred in a Cl−‐dominating and SO42−‐bearing solution (S/Cl molar ratio of 0.018–0.042) under extremely acidic conditions (pH range of 1.4–2). We hypothesize that the coprecipitation of akaganeite and jarosite represents an individual episode of acidic groundwater activity at VRR. The upwelling acidic groundwater possibly dissolved the local chlorides to form a Cl‐dominated fluid with trace amounts of SO42−. Evaporation further concentrated the fluid to extreme acidic and thus formed akaganeite and jarosite. Key Points: Akaganeite and jarosite at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) formed in a Cl‐dominated solution with trace amounts of SO42− under extremely acidic conditionThe formation of akaganeite and jarosite at VRR represents an individual episode of acidic groundwater activityThe abundant Cl in the fluids is possibly of local origin while the extreme acidity is accomplished by evaporation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]