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Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is an immune-mediated disorder manifesting as ocular pain, redness, floaters, and photophobia, and is a leading cause of preventable blindness. Managing NIU presents considerable challenges due to the condition's resistance to high-dose corticosteroids and various immunotherapies. This review assesses the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of NIU, based on individual case reports and small-scale studies. A cohort of 78 patients (20 males, 58 females), with a mean onset age of 32.3 years (range 8– 72), was analyzed. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was the most frequently associated comorbidity, affecting 28 patients, while anterior uveitis was the predominant subtype, observed in 26 of 47 cases. Prior to RTX therapy, patients had been treated with an average of 1.7 conventional immunosuppressive agents (range 0– 5) and 1.1 biologics (range 0– 4). RTX was introduced following the failure of high-dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biologics to control the uveitis. The median time from diagnosis to RTX initiation was 7.7 years (range 0.25– 21). Post-RTX, 44.2% of patients experienced improvement in visual acuity, 79.5% achieved resolution of ocular inflammation, and 8.9% showed partial improvement. Additionally, 81.1% were able to reduce their corticosteroid dosage. Overall, 88.6% (69 out of 78) demonstrated a positive response to RTX treatment. These findings indicate that RTX may serve as an effective therapeutic option for NIU unresponsive to steroids and multiple immunotherapies. It may also warrant consideration as a potential first-line treatment in certain cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a memory device with bias electric field-manipulated multilevel resistance states based on ultra-thin and small area Fe70Ga30 (FeGa) films grown on BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-0.5Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3(BZT-0.5BCT) ferroelectric films. Studies have shown that BZT-0.5BCT ferroelectric films exhibit good ferroelectric properties with saturated polarization of 11.3 µC/cm2 and excellent piezoelectric properties with displacement up to 70 Å. A coercive field of 91 Oe is derived from the magnetic hysteresis loop of BZT-0.5BCT/FeGa composite films. Local ferroelectric domain and ferromagnetic domain structures have been probed, which confirm the multiferroicity of the composite films. By applying the bias electric field along the thickness of the films, current–voltage (I–V) behaviors of the FeGa films on the BZT–BCT films can be modulated, and multiple resistance states are generated. Based on the analysis of polarization switching behavior and the electrical transport characteristics, we ascribe this bias voltage modulation of the resistance state to strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric effect, interface bonding effect, and interface charge-co-mediated behaviors. This work suggests a promising approach for exploring multilevel and multifunctional data storage in multiferroic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]