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A scheme consisting of two intense laser pulses that irradiate the solid target composed of two materials, one enveloping the other which could be applied to reduce the current loss of laser-driven energetic electron beams propagating in solid-density targets is presented. The results showed that the beam current loss could be lowered by about 30% by using a coaxial gold-aluminum target instead of a simple gold target.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) by feeding formulated diets containing crystalline l-lysine. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (405 g kg−1 protein, 18 kJ g−1 gloss energy) containing fish meal together with soybean protein concentrate as protein sources and fish oil together with soybean oil as lipid sources were formulated. Crystalline l-lysine was added into the six diets to acquire lysine concentrations of 17.3, 21.8, 26.0, 31.3, 35.5 and 41.9 g kg−1 dry diets, respectively. Mixture of crystalline amino acid was supplemented to simulate the amino acid profile in muscle of yellow catfish. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency (PE) increased with the increase in dietary lysine level from 17.3 to 31.3 g kg−1 of diet and then decreased as the dietary lysine levels further increased. No significant difference in survival rate was found among all the dietary treatments. One-slope, quadratic broken-line analysis on the basis of SGR showed that the dietary l-lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was 33.1 g kg−1 of dry diet (83.2 g kg−1 of dietary protein). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work presents a study of a novel Ti50Ni47Fe2.5Nd0.5 shape memory alloy by EPMA, E-R analysis and tensile tests. Structural characterization shows the alloy consists of TiNiFe matrix, Nd3Ni and Ti2Ni intermetallic compounds with Fe solute. The latter two phases are well distributed in the matrix. Compared with Ti50Ni47.5Fe2.5 alloys without rare earth Nd, the novel alloy does not change the two-stage martensitic transformation behavior, however, characteristic temperatures increase rapidly. The critical stress needed for inducing martensitic transformation is near linear relationship with the increasing of the testing temperature above M s, which is in good agreement with Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The novel alloy exhibits an improved shape memory effect as a consequence of precipitation strengthening and the maximum recoverable strain attains to 7.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]