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Additional file 3.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Sequences ofreal-time PCR primers. Supplementary Table 2. Primary Antibodies. Supplementary Table 3. Second Antibodies. Supplementary Table 4. ShRNA or siRNA Oligonucleotides. Supplementary Table 5. Tumorigenicityof knockdown AQP5 and control group. Supplementary Table 6. Tumorigenicity of knockdown AQP5 and control group. Supplementary Table 7. Tumorigenicityof knockdown AQP5 and LGR5. Supplementary Table 8. Differentially expressed genes between exogenousoverexpression of AQP5 and control group. Supplementary Table 9. Differentially expressed genes between exogenousoverexpression of AQP5 and control group. Supplementary Table 10. Identification of the AQP5 protein complex by mass spectrometry.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Expression of marker genes in gastric cancer tissue epithelial/stem cellsand cultured adherent/spheroid cells. Figure S2. AQP5 expression in AGS/HGC-27/GES-1 spheroids and adherent cells. Figure S3. AQP5 promotes gastric cancer development in vitro and in vivo. Figure S4. Expression of AQP5 in GC-CSCs. Figure S5. AQP5 promotes the stemness of GC-CSCs. Figure S6. Effect of AQP5 on LGR5 expression.Figure S7. Cellular pathways affected by AQP5. Figure S8. ATG7 is the key regulator of GC cell autophagy. Figure S9. AQP5 affects key autophagy proteins.Figure S10. AQP5 promotes malignant behaviors of GC-CSCs by regulatingK63-mediated ubiquitination of ULK1.Figure S11. Interaction of AQP5, TRIM21 and ULK1. Figure S12. AQP5 promotes self-renewal via TRIM21 in GC-CSCs.

Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA in ovarian granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were explored. Ovarian granulosa cells were extracted from 5 patients with PCOS and 30 normal controls. Expression of PPARγ mRNA in granulosa cells of the 5 PCOS patients (observation group) and 5 normal controls (control group) was detected by RT-qPCR. The remaining 25 cases of normal human ovarian granulosa cells were cultured in vitro for 48 h, followed by cell culture for another 24 h with different concentrations of testosterone, insulin (INS), and rosiglitazone (RGZ). After that, expression of PPARγ mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. Relative expression level of PPARγ mRNA in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Compared with testosterone concentration at 10-2 mol/ml, testosterone concentration at 10-3 mol/ml significantly reduced the expression level of PPARγ mRNA. When the INS concentration was 10-5 mol/ml, relative expression level of PPARγ mRNA was significantly higher than that of the control group (P

The application of multiple waves is an important content of marine exploration, and eliminating or utilizing the multiple waves is one of the significant topics in the processing of seismic data. However, little work is concerned with the multiple waves of Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) wide-angle seismic survey and taking advantage of them to improve the ability of seismic imaging. This study attempts to understand the characteristics of the secondary Pg phases and analyze the applications of seismic imaging in OBS wide angle seismic survey. We firstly identify and know the secondary Pg phases from synthetic seismogram sections and record waveforms then calculate and analyze particle motions of primary Pg and secondary Pg phases through the azimuth angle rotation. After understanding the secondary Pg phases, we get the propagation path by the theoretical model simulation and calculation of measured data with the P wave travel forward modeling method based on the RAYINVR. In addition, improving the seismic imaging is expected, so we used the theoretical model and the actual model of OBS2010 to show the work of the crustal structure imaging. The secondary Pg phases roughly parallel and follow closely the primary Pg phase, and are characterized by continuous, clear phase and strong amplitude. An obvious vibration is observed behind the vibration of the primary Pg with stronger amplitude, which is supposed to be the secondary Pg phase. On the basis of particle motions, the secondary Pg phases belong to the P-wave seismic phase. The travel-time fitting of the possible propagation path based on the test data gave three different results:(a) the χ2 value is 14.921 when the reflecting layer is water layer and sediment; (b) the χ2 value is 193.264 when the reflecting layer is the single water layer; and (c) the χ2 value is 1.786 when the reflecting layer is the single sediment. After theoretical investigation and data tests, we have the following conclusions:(1) the secondary Pg phases are characterized by P-wave; (2) the secondary Pg phases are mainly from the reflection between the sediments, which (3) greatly increase the constraint on the basement, and (4) improve the imaging resolution of the sediments and the upper crust.

The plate convergent belt in the eastern South China Sea (SCS) is an important window for studying the tectonic evolution of the SCS and the Philippine Sea (PhS) since late-Miocene. We studied the plate interactions of this area since the late-Miocene based on block kinematics, morphology of the subducted SCS slab and focal mechanism solutions (FMS). At the late stage of the late-Miocene, the westward motion of the PhS plate was first impeded by its collision with the Palawan micro continental plate in the south, and then by the collision of the Luzon arc with the South China continental margin in the north. Consequently, the middle part between the two collision zones became a passage where westward movement of the PhS plate continued relatively smoothly. Because of these two impediments, the rate of westward motion increased northwards to its maximum in the northern Luzon and then decreased northwards, leading to the westward migration of the Manila trench. The subducted SCS slab, however, did not roll back accordingly due to the SE-directed mantle flow. As a result, the subducted slab suffered strong push and slightly reverse bending of the subducted slab occurred in the contact face between PhS and SCS lithosphere. According to this model, morphology of the Manila trench was shaped by the differential westward motion rates from south to north of the northern Luzon, and the width of the subducted slab played little role. Furthermore, the double arc in the north Luzon arc was also induced by a differential westward moving velocity along the arc. A shear zone whose location coincides with the east arc might have facilitated its formation.