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Background With the population aging, the prevalence of chronic diseases in China is increasing annually, contributing to a growing incidence of multimorbidity. Research on quality of life focuses mostly on specific diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the quality of life of multimorbidity. Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly patients with multimorbidity, so as to provide a basis for improving their health level. Methods A total of 3 361 patients with multimorbidity aged ≥55 years and with complete values of key variables were selected as the study subjects by using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 data. The EQ-5D-3L was used to assess the HRQoL. The Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) was used to calculate the ten-year survival. Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests and the Tobit regression model were employed to explore factors influencing the HRQoL. Results The health utility value for elderly patients with multimorbidity was 0.888 (0.709, 0.964), the dimension with the highest proportion of "difficulty" was pain/discomfort [2 430 (72.30%) ], the dimension with the highest percentage of "severe difficulty" was mobility [593 (17.64%) ]. The highest ten-year survival rate was 90.15%, which was achieved by only 2.44% (82/3 361) of patients; the majority of patients [848 (25.23%) ] had a ten-year survival rate of 21.36%, and 43.59% (1 465/3 361) had a ten-year survival rate close to zero. The Tobit regression results showed that primary school degree or above and non-smoking behavior were protective factors for HRQoL; while female, aged over 60 years, widowhood, self-rated health status as poor, non-drinking behavior, insufficient or excessive sleep duration, no moderate-intensity activity, four or more chronic diseases, and more than three outpatient visits were risk factors for HRQoL (P

Oxygen vacancies (VOs) and their distribution can affect oxides' properties from various aspects. In this work, we present a dislocation-related surface-layer effect in single crystal SrTiO3 (STO). Our results from the first principles calculations based on density functional theory along with our experimental research based on angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that, in contrast with bulk STO where VOs tend to cluster in a line, as depth increases from surface region, the concentration of VOs increases first, reaches a maximum value, and then decreases to a saturation value. This effect was argued to be the combinative result of the oxygen-vacancy diffusion along the dislocation lines and the ambient oxygen-atom incorporation into the crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still no consensus about the relaxation behavior of the so-called 50 K-relaxation in acceptor and donor co-doped TiO2 system. Herein, the relaxation behavior of the 50 K-relaxation was investigated in (Tm + Ta) co-doped rutile TiO2 ceramics. Dielectric properties of the sample were studied in the temperature range of 2–300 K under 100 frequencies in the range of 102–106 Hz. The sample shows a pronounced 50 K-relaxation. Various relaxation behaviors of Arrhenius, Mott's variable range hopping, and Vogel Fulcher laws were tried to describe the relaxation. The result indisputably evidences that the 50 K-relaxation follows the Vogel Fulcher law. This work provides a heuristic hint to understand the fundamental physics underlying the colossal permittivity behavior in the acceptor and donor co-doped TiO2 ceramics system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]