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[Introduction] The solenoid pressurizer spray valve is one of the key valves for PWR nuclear power plant, and it is of great significance for nuclear power construction to realize the independent research and development of the valve. [Method] In this paper, Starting from the system functional requirements and technical parameter requirements of the solenoid pressurizer spray valve, the overall structure, proportional solenoid, middle thermal protection device, valve position detect and output device, control system with pilot disc of the independently-developed solenoid pressurizer spray valve were briefly introduced in this paper. [Result] Through this independent research and development, the design technology of the solenoid pressurizer spray valve is mastered, the technical difficulties of the electromagnetic drive structure and the adaptability of the valve working under high temperature and high pressure medium conditions are solved, the system functional requirement for pressurizer spray valve is realized. [Conclusion] The independently-developed solenoid pressurizer spray valve meets the development needs for third generation nuclear power plant, and can be popularized and applied.

In order to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on foxtail millet quality under low nitrogen conditions, we used JGNo.21 and LZGNo.2 as experimental materials and set up five treatments, including non-fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, compound, and organic fertilizers, to study the regulation of different fertilizer types on agronomic traits, nutrient fractions, and pasting characteristics of foxtail millet under low nitrogen conditions. Compared with the control, all of the fertilizers improved the agronomic traits of JGNo.21 to a certain extent. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments reduced the starch content of JGNo.21; the starch content was reduced by 0.55% and 0.07% under nitrogen and compound fertilizers treatments. Phosphorus and organic fertilizers increased starch content, and starch content increased by 0.50% and 0.56% under phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments. The effect of each fertilizer treatment on protein content was completely opposite to that of starch; different fertilizer treatments reduced the fat content of JGNo.21 and increased the fiber content. Among them, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased the yellow pigment content; the yellow pigment content increased by 1.21% and 2.64% under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Organic and compound fertilizers reduced the content of yellow pigment; the yellow pigment content was reduced by 3.36% and 2.79% under organic and compound fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and organic fertilizers increased the fat content of LZGNo.2; the fat content increased by 2.62% and 1.98% under nitrogen, organic fertilizer treatment. Compound and phosphorus fertilizer decreased the fat content; the fat content decreased by 2.16% and 2.90% under compound and phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Different fertilizer treatments reduced the cellulose and yellow pigment content of LZGNo.2. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of JGNo.21 was increased under compound and nitrogen fertilizer treatments and decreased under organic and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. The content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids of LZGNo.2 was significantly higher under compound, nitrogen, and organic fertilizer treatments compared with control and significantly decreased under phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and compound fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and pasting time of each index of JGNo.21; phosphorus and organic fertilizer treatments improved the values of each index. In contrast, the pasting viscosity of LZGNo.2 increased under phosphorus fertilizer treatment and decreased under nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Reasonable fertilization can improve the quality of foxtail millet, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for improving the quality of foxtail millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introduction] The pressurizer proportional spray control valve is one of the key valves for PWR nuclear power plant and it is the only level 1 nuclear safety control valve in power station system. Mastering the technical characteristics of the valve has very important guiding significance for engineering and domestic research for the valve. [Method] Based on two typical structures used in domestic PWR nuclear power units - pneumatic V-ball proportional spray valve and solenoid angular proportional spray valve, this paper compared and analyzed them from structural design, working principle, operation and maintenance. [Result] Through analysis, it was concluded that the two types of proportional spray valves have different technical routes, but both can realize the spray control function required by the pressurizer system of nuclear power plant. Users can choose relatively suitable products according to the technical route and specific needs of nuclear power plant. [Conclusion] However, in the new nuclear power market in the future, the solenoid angle proportional spray valve was expected to have a broad application prospect.

Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) aims to realise the sharing of manufacturing resources amongst different stakeholders. Resource-sharing strategies of suppliers are essential in achieving this aim. However, current studies on this topic rarely focus on the sharing of management rights over manufacturing resources. To fill this research gap, this study investigates three resource-sharing strategies: independently, as an alliance and by cooperating with a cloud platform operator. This study explores the effects of these different strategies on meeting client requirements in CMfg. The interactions between the operator and suppliers are modelled as a two-stage Stackelberg game that contains a simultaneous subgame. The equilibrium results indicate that players achieve a lower system profit when suppliers share as an alliance rather than independently, which is why the cloud platform operator strongly opposes it. The extended analysis indicates that considering multiple suppliers complicates the allocation of tasks and profits. Low-cost suppliers have significant advantages in terms of tasks and profits when considering different marginal costs. These findings provide insights for suppliers to select appropriate resource-sharing strategies in CMfg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the significant product spoilages of perishable goods transported over long distances, they are usually sold from suppliers to consumers through an offline direct channel. Sustainable suppliers can utilize the blockchain-based tracking system (BTS) to reduce product spoilages, enabling the spoilage reduction effect, and offer authentic information, triggering the premium effect. With the advent of e-commerce, they can now opt for an online direct channel, setting the online direct price as either non-different or different from the offline direct price, and have to face challenges in selecting the optimal sales mode. This paper addresses these complexities by developing a mathematical model to construct a sustainable suppliers-to-consumers pricing model, incorporating the BTS, in the perishable goods market. Our research reveals that the decision to adopt the BTS hinges on factors like the spoilage reduction effect, premium effect, production cost, and tag cost, with the premium effect outweighing the spoilage-reduction effect. The necessity of using the BTS grows with extended circulation times, where the BTS significantly reduces spoilages during transportation, fostering sustainable development. While sustainable suppliers may not always bear the tag cost independently, they can adjust their pricing strategies automatically and pass the tag cost to consumers for more profit. The BTS adoption decision does not influence the optimal sales mode selection strategy. The offline direct channel offers the highest profit for suppliers, followed by the Online to Offline (O2O) direct channel with differential pricing, and the O2O direct channel with non-differential pricing yields the lowest profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies reported that miR-224-5p is involved in a variety of cancer-related cellular processes, yet its physiological role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In order to clarify the function of miR-224-5p in ccRCC, real-time quantitative-PCR was conducted to compare the expression of miR-224-5p in human normal renal tubular epithelial cell lines and ccRCC cell lines first, and a strikingly upregulated expression was observed in ccRCC cell lines. Inhibition of miR-224-5p expression by microRNA inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells. Besides, it was validated by dual-luciferase assay in which miR-224-5p directly targeted OCLN gene. The expression of OCLN was downregulated in ccRCC cells, and overexpression of miR-224-5p could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression levels of OCLN. Overexpression of OCLN could reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells, while overexpressed miR-224-5p could partially reverse that inhibitory effect. Therefore, the promotive effect of miR-224-5p on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ccRCC cell lines was at least partly due to the inhibition of OCLN expression. These findings highlighted the important function of miR-224-5p, which was promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by downregulating OCLN, in the pathogenesis of ccRCC, and provided a potential treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of broomcorn millet treated with different fertilizers were analyzed. The crops were grown under one of the four fertilization treatments: M1 (compound fertilizer), M2 (farmyard manure), M3 (biological bacterial fertilizer), and M4 (no fertilizer). The soil DNA was isolated, and the 16S rRNA library was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencers. The bacterial diversity and the differential bacterial genera in four groups were analyzed. Compound fertilizers had the most significant effect on plant growth, followed by farmyard manure and then biological bacterial fertilizer (p < 0.05). Actinobacteria and Pseudomonas sp. were dominant in all soil samples. The abundance of Actinobacteria was higher in M1 and M4, and the abundance of Pseudomonas sp. was higher in M3 and M4. The number of bacterial genera (208) was the highest in M1. Eight bacterial genera with low abundance were common in M1 vs. M3 and M2 vs. M3. Four bacterial genera with high richness (Phormidium sp., Cellulosimicrobium sp., Yaniella sp., and Cloacibacterium sp.) overlapped in M1 vs. M3 and in M2 vs. M3. Compound fertilizer was the most effective at encouraging broomcorn millet growth (plant height, stem diameter, panicle weight, grain weight, and yield). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Setaria italica, Panicum miliaceum var. compactum, and Chenopodium quinoa have strong stress resistance, allowing adaptation to poor environments. The study of the stress resistance mechanisms of these crops has important significance for humans. The microbial diversity and metabolic pathways in soil collected from the rhizospheres of S. italica, P.miliaceum var. compactum, and C.quinoa were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. The taxonomic composition analysis of the flora indicates that during seedling and flowering stages, compared with immature soil samples, the main differential genera were Brachybacterium (p < 0.05), Pimelobacter (p < 0.05) and Candidatus Nitrososphaera (p < 0.05) for C. quinoa rhizosphere soil samples; Glycomyces for S. italica rhizosphere soil samples (p < 0.05); and Pseudomonas for P.miliaceum var. compactum rhizosphere soil samples (p < 0.05). Functional prediction analysis showed that, in two different samples, the calcium signaling pathway in S. italica soil microbes was enriched. For P.miliaceum var. compactum and C. quinoa, the enriched metabolic pathways were clavulanic acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of the type II polyketide backbone, respectively (all, p < 0.05). This study indicates that crop species and sampling times have significant effects on the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms under immature soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Numerous studies have investigated rhizosphere soil microbial communities. However, the question on how composition and diversity of rhizosphere communities shift with plant age has received far less attention. Materials and methods: We collected rhizosphere and bulk soils from replicated plots representing 1, 8, 14, 31, and 40-year-old stands of the leguminous perennial shrub Caragana liouana at a research site in Shanxi, China. The bulk soils were used to analyze physicochemical properties. The rhizosphere soils were used to analyze the diversity and structure of rhizosphere bacteria communities by using barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results and discussion: We found that different stages of plant development harbored unique rhizosphere bacterial communities. The α-diversity showed a significantly positive correlation with stand age suggesting that the rhizosphere bacterial community benefits from the establishment and development of C. liouana. We also found that the composition of the bacterial community was shaped primarily by stand age. The bacterial rhizosphere community composition did not change much from 8- to 31-year-old stands, but then dramatically changed at the 40-year-old stand. Further, we found a negative correlation between stand age and the abundance of Proteobacteria, while the abundances of Chloroflexi were positively correlated with age. Conclusion: Our results indicated that stand age exerted strong influences on the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community explaining almost 30% of community variances among samples. These results shed new light on the dynamic interactions between long-lived plants and rhizosphere bacteria under field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper was compare the control effects of different doses of MCPA-Na on weeds in foxtail millet field. [Method] Different doses of MC-PA-Na were sprayed on foxtail millet field, while artificial weeding and spraying water was designed as control. The strain control effect and fresh weight control effect were calculated. [ Result ] The strain control effect and fresh weight control effect of 2 250 g/hm2 MCPA-Na at 25 and 40 d post spraying were the best, and the fresh weight control effects reached 84. 19% and 87. 23% , respectively. Compared to CK, the yield increase effect of 1 500 g/hm2 was the best, and the yield increase rate wras 54. 31% ; followed by 1 125 g/hm2. Generally, 1 500 g/hm2 was the best dosage of MCPA-Na in foxtail millet production. [ Conclusion]The paper provided a theoretical basis for screening the best dose of herbicide in foxtail millet production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we face increasing challenges of world food security and malnutrition, coarse cereals are coming into favor as an important supplement to human staple foods due to their high nutritional value. In addition, their functional components, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, make them an important food source for healthy diets. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the importance of coarse cereals for world food security and nutritional goals. This review summarizes the worldwide cultivation and distribution of coarse cereals, indicating that the global area for coarse cereal cultivation is steadily increasing. This paper also focuses on the special adaptive mechanisms of coarse cereals to drought and discusses the strategies to improve coarse cereal crop yields from the perspective of agricultural production systems. The future possibilities, challenges, and opportunities for coarse cereal production are summarized in the face of food security challenges, and new ideas for world coarse cereal production are suggested., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zou, Zhang, Cheng, Guo, Zhang, Han, Liu, Wan, Ye, Cao, Song, Zhao and Xiang.)