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In previous study, the ethanol extract of Scutellaria barbata was partitioned with petroleum ether and EtOAc, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract site was subjected to column chromatography over macroporous adsorption resin eluting with gradient ethanol. The 70% ethanol elution fraction exhibited good anti-liver cancer activity. To clarify the active ingredients, the active site was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative TLC, and semi preparative liquid chromatography, etc. Multiple spectroscopic analysis methods were used to identify the structure of the monomer compounds, and CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of all compounds on the proliferation of human liver cancer HepG2 cells in vitro. At the same time, molecular docking technology was used to investigate the binding of the most active compounds with target proteins VEGF-2 and FGFR-1, which were obtained from targeted drug for liver cancer. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 14 compounds were isolated from the active site, including 12 neo-clerodane diterpenoids and 2 flavonoids, which were identified as scuefolide C (1), 6-acetoxy-7-nicotinoyloxyscutebarbatine G (2), scutestrigillosin D (3), scutehenanine D (4), scutebarbatine A (5), scutebarbatine B (6), 7-O-nicotinoyloxyscutebarbatine H (7), scutebarbatine N (8), scutebarbatine Y (9), barbatin A (10), barbatin B (11), barbatin D (12), 5, 7, 6′- trihydroxy-2′-methoxyflavonol (13) and 5, 8-dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavone (14). Compounds 1-3 and 13, 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. (2) The results of cell proliferation inhibition activity test showed that compounds 4, 7, 10-12 exhibited weaker cell proliferation inhibitory activity against HepG2, and Compound 6 exhibited similar cell proliferation inhibitory activity to the positive control (cisplatin), while Compound 5 exhibited stronger cell proliferation inhibitory activity than cisplatin. (3) The molecular docking results showed that Compound 5 and Compound 6 had good binding affinity with target protein VEGF-2, which binded to residues such as GLY-841, LEU-840, ASN-923, ARG-1032 in VEGF-2 protein through hydrogen bonding. At the same time, Compound 5 and Compound 6 exhibited poor binding affinity with target protein FGFR-1. The results of this study not only enrich the chemical groups of S. barbata, but also provide a reference for further study on the mechanism of active compounds against liver cancer.

This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate "Transparent Earth". This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Orbital blowout fracture is common in ocular trauma. Accurate measurement of orbital volume after fracture is key in improving intraocular correction. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the impact of 3D reconstruction technology in restoring normal exophthalmos in patients with old orbital wall fractures. METHODS: A total of 31 patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 16). For orbital wall repair and reconstruction, the conventional group used the conventional surgical scheme, and the 3D group used 3D printing technology. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the preoperative mean extraocular muscle volume of the healthy eye and the affected eye. However, the mean orbital volume (24.76 vs 27.11, P = 0.005) and mean retrobulbar fat volume (17.53 vs 16.42, P = 0.006) were significantly different between the healthy eye and the affected eye. After an average follow-up of 16 weeks, the differences in pre- and post-surgery exophthalmos in the two groups were 0.42 ± 0.08 mm and 1.63 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t = 4.42, P = 0.003). The complications were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Using 3D reconstruction technology preoperatively can significantly improve exophthalmos in patients with old orbital wall fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and eczema lesions and psychiatric comorbidities. The gut–brain–skin axis plays a pivotal role during AD development, which might suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. The present study aims to uncover the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of fructo‐oligofructose (FOS), a type of prebiotic, on AD‐like skin manifestations and comorbid anxiety and depression in AD mice. RESULTS: Female Kunming mice were treated topically with 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to induce AD‐like symptoms and FOS was administered daily for 14 days. The results showed that FOS could alleviate AD‐like skin lesions markedly as evidenced by dramatic decreases in severity score, scratching bouts, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper 1(Th1)/Th2‐related cytokines, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells to the dermal tissues. The comorbid anxiety and depressive‐like behaviors, estimated by the forced swimming test (FST), the tail‐suspension test (TST), the open‐field test (OFT), and the zero maze test (ZMT) in AD mice, were significantly attenuated by FOS. Fructo‐oligofructose significantly upregulated brain neurotransmitters levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and dopamine (DA). Furthermore, FOS treatment increased the relative abundance of gut microbiota, such as Prevotella and Lactobacillus and the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate and iso‐butyrate in the feces of AD mice. The correlation analysis indicated that the reshaped gut microbiome composition and enhanced SCFAs formation are associated with skin inflammation and behavioral alteration. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these data identify FOS as a promising microbiota‐targeted treatment for AD‐like skin inflammation and comorbid anxiety and depressive‐like behaviors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In chronic pruritic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), pruritus and skin lesions are exacerbated by scratching in clinical and experimental settings. TRPV1 is known to mediate itch and neurogenic inflammation, but the role of TRPV1 in itch‐associated scratching in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the efficacy of cutting off nails and TRPV1 antagonist, ruthenium red (RR) in a murine model of AD induced by DNFB and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Nail clipping or RR could markedly ameliorate the general AD‐like symptoms as manifested by the reduced clinical severity of dermatitis, IgE and Th2‐related cytokine levels, and mast cell degranulation. Moreover, scratching behaviour, the levels of pruritogenic mediators, including HIS, TSLP, IL‐31 and SP, and skin pH and TEWL were all significantly decreased in nail clipping or RR‐treated mice, suggesting a reduction in itch‐associated scratching and skin barrier defects. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot results revealed that antipruritic effect of nail clipping or RR in AD may be explained, at least in part, by the suppression of TRPV1 activation. In summary, these data show that TRPV1 mediates itch‐associated scratching and subsequent skin barrier defects, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]