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The porous TiCO ceramic was synthesized through a one-step sintering method, utilizing phenolic resin, TiO2 powder, and KCl foaming agent as raw materials. Ni(NO3)2·6H2O was incorporated as a catalyst to facilitate the carbothermal reaction between the pyrolytic carbon and TiO2 powder. The influence of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O catalyst content (0, 5, 10 wt.% of the TiO2 powder) on the microstructure, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the resultant porous TiCO ceramic was examined. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of TiC and TiO in all samples, with an increase in the peak of TiC and a decrease in that of TiO as the Ni(NO3)2·6H2O content increased from 0% to 10%. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated a morphological change in the pore wall, transforming from a honeycomb-like porous structure composed of well-dispersed carbon and TiC-TiO particles to rod-shaped TiC whiskers, interconnected with each other as the catalyst content increased from 0% to 10%. Mercury intrusion porosimetry results proved a dual modal pore-size distribution of the samples, comprising nano-scale pores and micro-scale pores. The micro-scale pore size of the samples minorly changed, while the nano-scale pore size escalated from 52 nm to 138 nm as the catalyst content increased from 0 to 10%. The morphology of the pore wall and nano-scale pore size primarily influenced the compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the samples by affecting the load-bearing capability and solid heat-transfer conduction path, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the clinical characteristics of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Records of patients with positive anti-SSA antibodies hospitalized in the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between December 2011 and May 2020 were retrieved. Patients who fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of GBS and primary SS were included, and their clinical data were analyzed. Among the 785 patients with positive anti-SSA, 52 patients were identified in this study. They were 27 males and 25 females with median age of 59 years old. Besides anti-SSA antibodies, multiple autoantibodies were detected in these patients including antinuclear antibody, anti-Ro52, anti-mitochondrial M2, anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies. Preceding infection was reported in 42 patients. Hyporeflexia/areflexia and limbs weakness were the most common manifestation and 35 patients presented cranial nerve injuries. GBS disability score of 3, 4 and 5 was scaled in 28 (53.8%), 15 (28.8%) and 3 (5.8%) patients respectively. Forty-six patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy, 5 patients were treated by IVIG plus glucocorticoids, and 51 patients improved during hospitalization. The frequency of male gender among the patients with both GBS and primary SS suggests an independent onset of GBS and the co-existence of these autoimmune diseases in patients with multiple autoantibodies. Majority of patients with GBS and primary SS experience benign disease course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, idiopathic, and non-neoplastic histio-proliferative disease that is uncommon in the central nervous system. Hence, reports of management of RDD in the skull base are scarce and only a few studies on skull base RDD are available. The objective of this study was to analyze the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of RDD in the skull base and explore an appropriate treatment strategy thereof. Nine patients with clinical characteristics and follow-up data from our department between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study. From this information, the clinical profiles, imaging, treatment, and prognosis data were collected. There were 6 male and 3 female patients with skull base RDD. These patients ranged in age from 13 to 61 years, with a median age of 41 years. The locations included 1 anterior skull base orbital apex, 1 parasellar region, 2 sellar regions, 1 petroclivus, and 4 foramen magnum regions. Six patients underwent total resection and 3 underwent subtotal resection. Patient follow-up lasted 11–65 months, with a median duration of 24 months. One patient died, 2 experienced recurrence, and the other patients' lesions were stable. The symptoms worsened and new complications occurred in 5 patients. Skull base RDDs are intractable diseases with a high rate of complications. Some patients are at risk of recurrence and death. Surgery may be the basic treatment for this disease, and combined therapy including targeted therapy or radiation therapy may also be a valuable therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Networked microgrids that integrate the hydrogen fueling stations (HFSs) with the on-site renewable energy sources (RES), power-to-hydrogen (P2H) facilities, and hydrogen storage could help decarbonize the energy and transportation sectors. In this paper, to support the hydrogen-based networked microgrids planning subject to multiple uncertainties (e.g., RES generation, electric loads, and the refueling demands of hydrogen vehicles), we propose a two-stage stochastic formulation with mixed integer conic program (MICP) recourse decisions. Our formulation involves the holistic investment and operation modeling to optimally site and configure the microgrids with HFSs. The MICP problems appearing in the second-stage capture the nonlinear power flow of networked microgrids system with binary decisions on storage charging/discharging status and energy transactions (including the trading of electricity, hydrogen, and carbon credits to recover the capital expenditures). To handle the computational challenges associated with the stochastic program with MICP recourse, an augmented Benders decomposition algorithm (ABD) is developed. Numerical studies on 33- and 47-bus exemplary networks demonstrate the economics viability of electricity-hydrogen coordination on microgrids level, as well as the benefits of stochastic modeling. Also, our augmented algorithm significantly outperforms existing methods, e.g., the progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) and the direct use of a professional MIP solver, which has largely improved the solution quality and reduced the computation time by orders of magnitude. Note to Practitioners—This paper proposes an optimal planning model for electricity-hydrogen microgrids with the renewable hydrogen production, storage, and refueling infrastructures. Our planning model is extended under a two-stage stochastic framework to address the multi-energy-sector uncertainties, e.g., RES generation, electric loads, and the refueling demands of hydrogen vehicles. The first-stage problem is to optimize the siting and sizing plan of microgrids. Then, in the second-stage problem, the coordinated scheduling of electricity and hydrogen supply systems is modeled as second-order conic programs (SOCPs) to accurately capture the power flow representation under stochastic scenarios. Also, the logical constraints with binary variables are introduced to describe the energy transactions and storage operations, which results in an MICP recourse structure. Note that the stochastic MICP formulation could be very challenging to compute even with a moderate number of scenarios. One challenge certainly comes from integer variables that cause the problem nonconvex. Another challenge follows from the fact that the strong duality of SOCPs might not hold in general. To mitigate those two challenges, we prove that the continuous relaxation of our recourse problem has strong duality, and make use of that continuous relaxation and other enhancements to design an augmented decomposition algorithm. As revealed by our numerical tests, the proposed decomposition method outperforms PHA in both the solution quality and computational efficiency. Comparing to the PHA, our ABD method often achieves tighter bounds with trivial optimality gaps. Also, it could reduce the computation time by orders of magnitude. With the help of advanced analytical tool, the proposed planning framework can be readily implemented in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-particles demonstrating excellent anticancer properties have gradually found application in cancer therapy. However, their widespread use is impeded by their potential toxicity, high cost, and the complexity of the preparation process. In this study, we achieved exosome-like Centella asiatica -derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) through a straightforward juicing and high-speed centrifugation process. We employed transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle flow cytometry to characterize the morphology, diameter, and stability of the ADNVs. We evaluated the in vitro anticancer effects of ADNVs using Cell Counting Kit-8 and apoptosis assays. Through sequencing and bicinchoninic acid protein analysis, we discovered the abundant presence of proteins and microRNAs in ADNVs. These microRNAs can target various diseases such as cancer and infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effective internalization of ADNVs by HepG2 cells, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial damage, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and apoptosis. Finally, we analyzed changes in cellular metabolites post-treatment using cell metabolomics techniques. Our findings indicated that ADNVs primarily influence metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, which are closely associated with HepG2 treatment. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of ADNVs as anticancer agents. [Display omitted] • ADNVs contain a large number of mirnas that can target cancer. • The growth of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells was enhanced by ADNVs. • ADNVs may affect the proliferation of HepG2 cells through related metabolic pathways such as amino acid and lipid synthesis. • ADNVs may represent a new application of plant-derived nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salient gelling feature of alginate via forming the egg-box structure with calcium ions has received extensive interests for different applications. Owing to the interfacial incompatibility of rigid inorganic solids with soft polymers, the requirement of overall stereocomplexation with calcium released from uniformly distributed solids in alginate remains a challenge. In this study, a novel alginate-incorporated calcium source was proposed to tackle the intractable dispersion for the preparation of injectable alginate hydrogels. Calcium phosphate synthesis in alginate solution yielded CaP-alginate hybrids as a calcium source. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the CaP-alginate hybrid was a nano-scale alginate-hydroxyapatite complex. The colloidally stable CaP-alginate hybrids were uniformly dispersed in alginate solutions even under centrifugation. The calcium-induced gelling of the CaP-alginate hybrids-loaded alginate solutions formed soft yet tough hydrogels including transparent sheets and knittable threads, confirming the homogeneous gelation of the hydrogel. The gelation time, injectability and mechanical properties of the hydrogels could be adjusted by changing preparation parameters. The prepared hydrogels showed uniform porous structure, excellent swelling, wetting properties and cytocompatibility, showing a great potential for applications in different fields. The present strategy with organic/inorganic hybridization could be exemplarily followed in the future development of functional hydrogels especially associated with the interface integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of 100% renewable energy (RE) systems provides a viable solution for achieving the global target of carbon neutrality. To support the reliable and economical operation of RE-based local energy networks, this paper presents a joint scheduling model for grid-scale RE generation and hydrogen-based flexible loads. The direct load control (DLC) through hydrogen-electrical microgrids is analytically modeled for leveraging the intrinsic flexibility of demand-side multi-energy synergy. To handle the uncertainty and volatility of RE generation, a risk-averse stochastic programming method with the receding-horizon mechanism is developed. Also, the power balancing cost in scheduling objectives is represented as a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure to control the risks of fully RE supply. Case studies on an exemplary RE system confirm the effectiveness and economic benefits of the proposed method. The hydrogen-enabled DLC can largely mitigate the supply–demand mismatches, which shows a great potential to facilitate 100% RE scenarios. • A joint scheduling model of grid-scale renewable energy generation and hydrogen-based flexible loads is proposed to achieve carbon neutrality. • Direct load control through hydrogen-electrical microgrids is analytically modeled and implemented. • A risk-averse stochastic receding-horizon scheduling method is developed to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy generation. • Power balancing cost is represented as conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) to control the operational risks. • Results of case studies indicate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of methods application for a 100% renewable energy scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the popular second-order conic program (SOCP) formulation of AC optimal power flow (OPF) in a radial network, this paper first shows that it does not have the strong duality property in general. Then, through a series of restrictive reformulations, we derive a set of closed-form sufficient conditions on network parameters that ensure its strong duality. Numerical studies on IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus test networks and two real-world distribution systems confirm that non-negligible duality gaps do exist in this SOCP formulation, and also demonstrate the validity of the proposed sufficient conditions on closing the duality gap. Our results provide an analytical tool to ensure the strong duality of the SOCP power flow formulation and to support algorithm developments for its complex extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The novel inflammatory markers C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were associated with the disease activity of many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of these new inflammatory indexes with relapsing polychondritis disease activity index (RPDAI). Methods: The data of relapsing polychondritis (RP) patients hospitalized between 2004 and 2020 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected. One of the exclusive criteria was that RP patients overlapped with other diseases. Another was the RP patients with incomplete data. A total of 170 RP patients and 170 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The association of new inflammatory makers with RPDAI was assessed by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Compared to HCs, the CAR, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher in RP patients (both p < 0.001). The CAR, NLR, PLR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood positively correlated with RPDAI. Blood albumin, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb) negatively correlated with RPDAI. The association of CAR, NLR, and PLR with RPDAI was demonstrated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Conclusion: The novel inflammatory markers CAR, NLR and PLR were associated with RPDAI. Key Points • This is the first research to explore the association of CAR, NLR, and PLR with disease activity in patients with RP • CAR, NLR, and PLR are positively correlated with RPDAI • CAR, NLR, and PLR might be the potential predictors of disease activity in RP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen-based clean energy infrastructure provides a viable option for resilience improvement against extreme events, e.g., natural disaster and malicious attacks. This paper presents a resilience-oriented operation model for industrial parks energized by integrated hydrogen-electricity-heat microgrids, which aims to improve the load survivability under contingency status. The synergies of multi-type distributed energy resources (e.g., fuel cells, hydrogen storage tanks, battery storage and heat storage unit) and the sequential operation of the industrial distribution network are analytically represented by a mixed-integer second-order conic program (SOCP) formulation. Moreover, by leveraging the information of probabilistic disaster prediction, a risk-averse receding horizon method is developed to handle the uncertainty of network contingencies, and supports the optimal decision of proactive and emergency scheduling. Numerical results on a 26-node industrial energy system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and resilient scheduling method. The synergetic operation of hydrogen-based microgrids could significantly reduce the risks of load interruption. • The resilience of industrial park with hydrogen-based microgrids is studied. • The resilient operation of integrated hydrogen-electricity-heat systems is modeled. • The uncertainty is captured by stochastic scenarios based on probabilistic prediction. • A risk-averse receding horizon method is proposed to support resilient scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often leads to interstitial lung disease (ILD), significantly affecting patient outcomes. This study explored the diagnostic accuracy of a multi-biomarker approach to offer a more efficient and accessible diagnostic strategy for RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD). Methods: Patients diagnosed with RA, with or without ILD, at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from October 2019 to October 2023 were analyzed. A total of 125 RA patients were included, with 76 diagnosed with RA-ILD. The study focused on three categories of indicators: tumor markers, inflammatory indicators, and disease activity measures. The heatmap correlation analysis was employed to analyze the correlation among these indicators. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) for indicators linked to RA-ILD risk. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these indicators for RA-ILD. Results: The results of logistic regression analysis showed that tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1)), as well as inflammatory indicators (neutrophil, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet, C-reactive protein (CRP)) and disease activity measures (disease activity score-28-CRP (DAS28-CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline (anti-CCP)), were significantly associated with RA-ILD. The correlation coefficients among these indicators were relatively low. Notably, the combination indicator 4, which integrated the aforementioned three categories of biomarkers, demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.857. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that combining tumor markers, inflammatory indicators, and disease activity measures significantly enhanced the prediction of RA-ILD. Key Points • Multidimensional strategy: Integrated tumor markers, inflammatory indicators, and disease activity measures to enhance early detection of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). • Diagnostic accuracy: Employed heatmap correlation and logistic regression, identifying significant associations and improving diagnostic accuracy with a multidimensional biomarker combination. • Superior performance: The combined multidimensional biomarker strategy demonstrated higher diagnostic precision compared to individual or dual-category indicators. • Clinical relevance: Offers a promising, accessible approach for early detection of RA-ILD in clinical settings, potentially improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidation behavior of melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites at 500–1300 °C in air for 32 h was investigated by the isothermal oxidation test. The phase composition and microstructure evolution were studied through examining the surficial and cross-sectional oxide layer by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxidized surfaces were covered by scattered TiO 2 particles, a continuous B 2 O 3 layer, a B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 layer or a mullite layer depending on the oxidation temperature. The thickness of the oxide layer increased from 10 to 30 μm as the oxidation temperature increased from 900 to 1300 °C. The analysis of the weight gain data revealed that the parabolic rate constant of melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites generally increased from 4.05 × 10−3 to 3.16 × 10−1 mg2/cm4/s, accompanied with a changed oxidation nature from parabolic to cubic, as oxidation temperature increased from 500 to 1300 °C. Formation of continuous B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 -based (Al 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2) layer were identified on the surface of SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites after being oxidized at 700–1300 °C, which was responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance of such composites. The oxidation rate of the melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites was controlled by reaction rate of the composites at 500 °C and diffusion rate of oxygen through continuous B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 -based layer to the unaffected composites at 700–1300 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Compared with traditional anode materials, spinel‐structured Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) with "zero‐strain" characteristic offers better cycling stability. In this work, by a wet‐chemistry synthesis method, LTO anode materials have been successfully synthesized by using CH3COOLi·2H2O and C16H36O4Ti as raw materials. The results show that sintering conditions significantly affect purity, uniformity of particle sizes, and electrochemical properties of as‐prepared LTO materials. The optimized LTO product calcined at 650°C for 20 hours demonstrates small particle sizes and excellent electrochemical performances. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 242.3 mAh g−1 and remains at 117.4 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at the current density of 60 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.0 to 3.0 V. When current density is increased to 1200 mA g−1, its discharge capacity reaches 115.6 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and remains at 64.6 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performances of LTO can be attributed to the introduction of rutile TiO2 phase and small particle sizes, which increases electrical conductivity and electrode kinetics of LTO. Therefore, as‐synthesized LTO in this study can be regarded as a promising anode candidate material for lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of linear impulsive fuzzy dynamic equations on time scales is considered by using the generalized differentiability concept on time scales. Some novel criteria and general forms of solutions are established for such models whose significance lies in proposing the possibility to get unifying forms of solutions for discrete and continuous dynamical systems under uncertainty and to unify corresponding problems in the framework of fuzzy dynamic equations on time scales. Finally, some examples show the applicability of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chordoma, a malignant bone cancer, is highly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches; this greatly limits radio- and chemotherapeutic options and disease management. In the present study, we investigated three patient-derived chordoma cell lines to elucidate the molecular mechanism of resistance to therapeutics. An in vitro high-throughput chemical screening assay and an in vivo xenograft model were used to identify novel chemosensitizers for chordoma. We found that patient-derived chordoma cell lines recapitulated disease phenotypes, which were highlighted by robust resistance to medical therapy manifested as lack of DNA damage accumulation. Mechanistically, the PARP DNA repair pathway was found to play a central role in this resistance. Chemical screening confirmed that PARP inhibitors could strikingly enhance temozolomide (TMZ) therapy in chordoma cells. Combining the FDA-approved PARP inhibitor, olaparib, with chemotherapeutics not only potentiated DNA damage accumulation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in vitro but also suppressed chordoma xenograft expansion in vivo. We conclude that combining PARP inhibition with TMZ could be an effective therapeutic approach for the clinical management of chordoma. Key messages: The PARP DNA repair pathway enhances chemoresistance in chordoma cells. Combining PARP inhibitors with genotoxic agents induces chordoma cell cytotoxicity. PARP inhibitor combining with temozolomide suppresses growth of chordoma in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of sodium abundance, sodium ion batteries attract a lot of attention for advanced energy storage applications. As the main member of cathodes, NASICON-type structured Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 contributes excellent ion shuttling rate and structure stability. However, the low electrical conductivity (<10−4 S cm−1) of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 limits its application in high power field. Herein, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 nanoparticles anchored in the carbon matrix are successfully prepared through using the V-based metal organic frameworks (MIL-101(V)). As expected, these small Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 grains are uniformly distributed in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite accompanying with the presence of 3D carbon framework. When used as cathode for sodium ion batteries, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite delivers a considerable Na-storage capacity of 136.4 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 1 C and in the voltage range of 2.5–3.8 V. Even at the current rate of 5 C and 10 C, the 84.17% and 84.5% of capacity retentions are surprisingly kept after 1,000 cycles, verifying its ultra-long cycling life. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy substantiates a decreased charge transfer resistance for Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite. Assisting with the detailed kinetic analysis, it is found that the enhanced surface-controlled behaviors mainly lead to the improvement of sodium-storage capability. The ex-situ scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction analysis demonstrates that unique architecture of as-prepared Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite significantly enhances structural stability during the fast cycling. This work provides insights on design of future advanced electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Image 1 • M-NVP/C composite is synthesized using MIL-101(V) as both carbon and vanadium source. • NVP nanoparticles are surrounded by 3D carbon framework and conductive network structure. • M-NVP/C composite demonstrates high-rate capability and long-term cyclability. • Pseudocapacitive behavior of M-NVP/C composite is confirmed by kinetics analysis. • Ex - situ SEM and XRD analysis proves the good structure stability of M-NVP/C composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed at investigating a novel chelating resin (PTDTR) containing acyl and thiourea groups for the removal of Ag(I) from aqueous solution by adsorption tests, FTIR, scanning electron microcopy (SEM), BET and XPS analyses. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) ions obtained from Langmuir model was 6.078 mmol/g at 30 °C. The uptake of Ag(I) on resin was found to follow liquid film diffusion and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process of Ag(I) ions onto PTDTR resin was spontaneous and endothermic under nature conditions. The regeneration test indicated that PTDTR resin have good stability and the adsorption capacity decreased 2.7% after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. In addition, PTDTR resin showed good selectivity for Ag(I) ions in Ag(I)-Cu(II) binary system. The results of SEM suggested that Ag(I) adsorbed on the surface of PTDTR. The FTIR and XPS analyses further confirmed Ag(I) ions might chemisorb onto PTDTR surfaces through its acyl and thiourea groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an acyl-thiourea resin (PIDTR) was synthesized and its adsorption performances to Pb(II) were investigated by adsorption tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. A pH of 6.0 was found to be the optimum pH to obtain the maximum adsorption capacity in 12 hours of equilibration time. The Langmuir model was well fitted to the adsorption data with adsorption capacity of 0.756 mmol · g−1. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption process experienced liquid film diffusion and chemical reaction. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption for Pb(II) was spontaneous and endothermic. The results of SEM suggested that Pb(II) adsorbed on the surface of PIDTR. The FTIR and XPS analyses further confirmed Pb(II) might chemisorb onto PIDTR surfaces and N-Pb, O-Pb, and S-Pb were formed with the breakage of C˭O, C˭S, and N-H bonds in the PIDTR molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a chance constrained information gap decision model for multi-period microgrid expansion planning (MMEP) considering two categories of uncertainties, namely random and non-random uncertainties. The main task of MMEP is to determine the optimal sizing, type selection, and installation time of distributed energy resources (DER) in microgrid. In the proposed formulation, information gap decision theory (IGDT) is applied to hedge against the non-random uncertainties of long-term demand growth. Then, chance constraints are imposed in the operational stage to address the random uncertainties of hourly renewable energy generation and load variation. The objective of chance constrained information gap decision model is to maximize the robustness level of DER investment meanwhile satisfying a set of operational constraints with a high probability. The integration of IGDT and chance constrained program, however, makes it very challenging to compute. To address this challenge, we propose and implement a strengthened bilinear Benders decomposition method. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed planning model is verified through the numerical studies on both the simple and practical complex microgrid. Also, our new computational method demonstrates a superior solution capacity and scalability. Compared to directly using a professional mixed integer programming solver, it could reduce the computational time by orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The type and fineness of soil are commonly recognized as the two major factors affecting the frost heave behavior of foundation. This paper aims to study the effect of soil type and fineness on frost heave behavior by experimental and numerical methods. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed to study the microstructure of kaolin and montmorillonite soils. A finite volume method, considering the changes of thermal and water fields simultaneously, was used to model the frost heave behavior of finely grained soil. By coupling the rigid ice model with the modified Kozeny–Carman equation and estimating the hydraulic conductivity, the relationship between the frost heave ratio and specific surface area of fines was established. Based on the modeling results, a region of proportion range of three typical soil (silty, clay and sandy soil) was proposed based on the ternary plot of frost heave values. Microscopic test results show that the multilayer microstructure of kaolin results in high content of bonded water compared with that of montmorillonite, leading to higher frost heave value. This model is proved to be reliable by a good agreement between the predicted and measured frost heave values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new resin (PIDTR) containing acyl and thiourea chelating groups was synthesized and its adsorption performances and mechanism to Cu(II) were investigated by adsorption tests, BET, SEM, FTIR and XPS analyses. Equilibrium data were fitted well with Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.1608 mmol g −1 for Cu(II) at pH 5.0. The regeneration and reusability test showed that the adsorption capacities decreased from 0.917 mmol g −1 to 0.88 mmol g −1 after five cycles of adsorption and desorption. The thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption dynamic demonstrated that two stages in the adsorption process: liquid film diffusion and chemical adsorption. The studies of SEM indicated that Cu(II) ions were adsorbed on the surface of PIDTR. FTIR and XPS analysis further proved that Cu(II) ions were chemisorbed on the surface of PIDTR by formation of Cu N, Cu O and Cu S bonds with the breakage of N H, C=O and S=C bonds in PIDTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in renewable hydrogen production and storage technologies have offered a promising path towards the carbon-neutral energy supply of rural communities. This paper presents a risk-constrained planning method for hydrogen-based multi-energy off-grid microgrids under economics and resilience considerations. A two-stage risk-constrained stochastic programming formulation is proposed, which is to optimize the energy resources configuration in the first stage, and conducts long-term economic dispatch as well as the on-emergency feasibility verification in the second stage. Sophisticated analytical models are developed to coordinate the operations of multi-timescale and multi-energy storage facilities (especially the short-term and seasonal hydrogen storage). Also, the risk constraints are imposed via sampling approximation strategy to control the risks of crucial components failures for resilience enhancement. Moreover, through the data-driven power flow linearization, our planning problem can be recasted as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), and efficiently computed by developing a dual cutting-plane based enhanced decomposition algorithm. Numerical studies on a real-world rural energy system in Southwestern China validates the effectiveness of the proposed planning method. It has significantly reduced the levelized system costs through seasonal storage deployment and multi-energy synergy. Besides, our customized solution algorithm demonstrates a strong scalable capacity that support planning decisions under complex uncertainties. • A hydrogen-centered multi-energy microgrid is designed for rural areas. • Multiscale and multi-energy storage systems are analytically modeled. • A risk-constrained stochastic formulation is proposed for microgrid planning. • Data-driven linearization method and enhanced decomposition algorithm are developed. • Methods application and verification on a real-world rural microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GATA transcription factor family participates in plant biological processes and abiotic stress across various crop species, but their function in response to salinity stress remains unexplored, particularly in tomato. Here, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GATA gene, SlGATA17 , was characterized in the tolerance to salinity stress. SlGATA17 had transcription activity in yeast, and the transcriptional activation domain was location on 32–60 amino acids of the N-terminal. SlGATA17 expression was induced by heat, cold, ABA, ACC and IAA treatments, but inhibited by NaCl and PEG treatments. In this study, the Slgata17 mutant plants showed slight injury symptoms compared to wild-type plants under salinity stress, and higher expression levels of stress-related marker genes (SlDREB2A , SlAREB1 , SlRD29A and SlP5CS1). Heterologous expression of SlGATA17 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination under NaCl, ABA and mannitol conditions, and inhibited ABA content and the expression levels of ABA related genes (AtNCED3 , AtNCED5 , AtNCED9 , AtABI3 , AtEM1 and AtEM6). However, SlGATA17 transgenic Arabidopsis were hypersensitive to NaCl at the post-germination stage. Yeast two assay and BiFC assay showed that tomato transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (SlHY5) interacts with SlGATA17. Yeast one assay and Dual-Luc assay showed that SlHY5 negatively regulated SlGATA17 expression via binding to the GATA-box of SlGATA17 promoter. SlHY5-SlGATA17 might function as a regulatory module in response to abiotic stress. • Knockout of SlGATA17 gene enhances tomato salinity tolerance in tomato, while overexpression of SlGATA17 gene was contrary. • SlGATA17 protein interacts with SlHY5, which inhibits SlGATA17 gene expression by binding to its promoter. • Ectopic expression of SlGATA17 in Arabidopsis leads to decreased ABA synthesis and enhanced seed germination rate under stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow-sphere ZnSe is successfully obtained through Ostwald ripening. Carbon nanoparticles are designed and utilized to form a wrapped carbon network as a conductive buffering matrix by subsequent annealing. The ZnSe/C composites, as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), exhibit excellent Li+ storage properties, delivering a high reversible capacity of 573.7 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 800 cycles. Even upon increasing the high current density to 20.0 A g−1, the reversible capacity can achieve 318.8 mA h g−1 after 5000 cycles. The superior rate capability is confirmed through the current density return from 20.0 to 1.0 A g−1, and ZnSe/C composites still recover up to 469 mA h g−1, with a retention of 92%. The enhanced electrochemical performances of ZnSe/C composites are attributed to the unique structure and the introduction of conductive carbon networks, which can improve the Li+ diffusion coefficient in the insertion and extraction process. Furthermore, the interconnected network also alleviates the volume variation during cycling and further enhances the structural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain is a major complication of spinal cord injury, and despite aggressive efforts, this type of pain is refractory to available clinical treatment. Our previous work has demonstrated a structure-function link between dendritic spine dysgenesis on nociceptive sensory neurons in the intermediate zone, laminae IV/V, and chronic pain in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system injury models of neuropathic pain. To extend these findings, we performed a follow-up structural analysis to assess whether dendritic spine remodeling occurs on superficial dorsal horn neurons located in lamina II after spinal cord injury. Lamina II neurons are responsible for relaying deep, delocalized, often thermally associated pain commonly experienced in spinal cord injury pathologies. We analyzed dendritic spine morphometry and localization in tissue obtained from adult rats exhibiting neuropathic pain one-month following spinal cord injury. Although the total density of dendritic spines on lamina II neurons did not change after spinal cord injury, we observed an inverse relationship between the densities of thin- and mushroom-shaped spines: thin-spine density decreased while mushroom-spine density increased. These structural changes were specifically noted along dendritic branches within 150 mm from the soma, suggesting a possible adverse contribution to nociceptive circuit function. Intrathecal treatment with NSC23766, a Rac1-GTPase inhibitor, significantly reduced spinal cord injury-induced changes in both thin- and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines. Overall, these observations demonstrate that dendritic spine remodeling occurs in lamina II, regulated in part by the Rac1-signaling pathway, and suggests that structural abnormalities in this spinal cord region may also contribute to abnormal nociception after spinal cord injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the new concept of preplanned microgrid islanding (PMI) in the smart distribution system. PMI is a special form of controlled islanding that can be used to provide demand-side service for electrical users under the scheduled distribution operation, especially for the preventive maintenance. A simulation-based multi-objective optimization framework is developed to decide the starting time and duration of PMI. The optimization objectives include the minimization of load curtailment, operating cost, and pollutant emission. On one hand, the stochastic short-term simulation method is developed to assess the performance of candidate PMI schemes considering multiple uncertainties and optimal scheduling of microgrid operation. On the other hand, the weighted-sum approach is used to compromise the conflicting objectives according to the decision preferences of users. Furthermore, the response surface methodology is adopted to improve the efficiency of scheme selection with the help of experimental design technique and regression analysis. Finally, the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed method is verified in case studies. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to investigate the impact of decision preference, season scenario, and sizing alternative on optimization result. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BTHA was first introduced as a collector for the flotation of galena. • The incorporation of C-S-C group improved the molecular properties of BHA. • BTHA exhibited better collecting ability toward galena in comparison with BHA. • BTHA chemically adsorbed on the galena surface through its -C(=O)-NHOH and C-S-C groups. In this contribution, the roles of the thioether (C-S-C) group in improving the flotation performance of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) toward galena were studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, adsorption experiments, zeta potential, surface energy measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the incorporation of C-S-C group was observed to increase the functional groups, chelating ability and hydrophobicity of BHA, thus enhance its flotation performance to galena. The adsorption mechanism analyses demonstrated that 2-(benzythio)-eacetohydroxamic acid (BTHA) molecule anchored on the galena surface mainly by the reactions of the two O atoms originated from -C(=O)-NH-OH group and lead species with the formation of a five-membered rings. Additionally, the C-S-C group in BTHA molecule could donate its electrons to lead species on galena surface, which was also helpful to the adsorption of BTHA on galena surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CuS nanoparticles are anchored on vertical aligned graphene nanosheets (VAGN) to form composite and supported on carbon cloth (CC/VAGN/CuS). • CC/VAGN/CuS has excellent specific capacity and outstanding rate capability. • Flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (CC/VAGN/CuS//CC/VAGN) exhibits excellent specific energy. In this work, we report the synthesis of copper sulfide/vertically aligned graphene nanosheets nanocomposite on carbon cloth (CC/VAGN/CuS) for asymmetric supercapacitors. CC/VAGN is an excellent conductive backbone with interconnected porous architecture, resulting in fast transportation of electrons and ions, meanwhile improving the utilization of active materials. Impressively, the resulting CC/VAGN/CuS electrode obtains an outstanding specific capacity of 342.6 mAh/g at 1 A/g and demonstrates excellent cyclic performance. Moreover, a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) using two binder-free electrodes, i.e., CC/VAGN/CuS as the positive electrode and CC/VAGN as the negative electrode, exhibits a high specific energy of 76.7 Wh kg−1 at specific power 800.2 W kg−1 with 83.6 % capacity retention over 10,000 cycles at 8 A/g. Our results illustrate the promise of the rational-designed CC/VAGN/CuS as a promising candidate for hybrid supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool for identifying and characterizing structural modifications to the four canonical bases in RNA, information that is lost when using techniques such as PCR for RNA analysis. Here we described an updated method for sequence mapping of modified nucleosides in transfer RNA. This modification mapping approach utilizes knowledge of the modified nucleosides present in the sample along with the genome-derived tRNA sequence to readily locate modifications site-specifically in the tRNA sequence. The experimental approach involves isolation of the tRNA of interest followed by separate enzymatic digestion to nucleosides and oligonucleotides. Both samples are analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and the data sets are then combined to yield the modification profile of the tRNA. Data analysis is facilitated by the use of unmodified sequence exclusion lists and new developments in software that can automate MS/MS spectral annotation. The method is illustrated using tRNA-Asn isolated from Thermus thermophilus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dense SiC/SiC-based composites were fabricated by introducing Ti 3 Si(Al)C 2 -based ceramics into Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) fabricated porous SiC/SiC composites. For the purpose of reducing the damage to SiC fiber, the low-temperature melt infiltration of Al–Si alloy was utilized. The microstructure was observed, showing that the inter-bundle pores were filled by reaction-formed new phases and the porosity of SiC/SiC-based composites decreased to less than 5%. Owing to the densification of the matrix, higher thermal diffusivity was obtained compared with CVI fabricated SiC/SiC composites. The mechanical properties were also analyzed. The compressive strength and in-plane shear strength were 10.9% and 11.3% higher than those of CVI fabricated SiC/SiC composites, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Intracranial atypical meningiomas have a greater rate of recurrence than benign meningiomas. Scant literature, however, is available regarding the treatment and prognosis of these tumors after recurrence. The objective of this study was to analyze the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of atypical meningiomas after recurrence of disease. Methods Forty-one cases with clinical characteristics and follow-up data were available in our department from 2000 to 2013. Certain factors, such as sex, age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status Scale score, location, prerecurrence tumor precursor, interval time, Simpson grade, histologic grade after recurrence, and radiotherapy, were selected to study the relationship with the prognosis of the tumors. Results The mean progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in our cases were 40.5 ± 4.7 and 57.1 ± 5.8 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS rates were 79.8%, 44.1%, and 39.2%, respectively, and the corresponding OS rates were 92.4%, 66.1%, and 48.8%, respectively. The precursors of recurrent tumors were transformed meningiomas, an interval time less than 24 months, and a postrecurrence histologic diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma might predict an unfavorable outcome. Surgery Simpson I and II can improve the PFS and OS of tumors. Because of the limited number of cases, we could not identify a relationship between radiotherapy and prognosis. Conclusions Recurrent atypical meningiomas are intractable tumors with a high rate of recurrence and death. Total resection of the tumors under relatively safe conditions remains the most suitable treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a two-person zero-sum differential game with incomplete information on the initial state, namely, the first player has a private information while the second player knows only a probability distribution on the initial state, and obtain the existence of its value functions. The main novelty lies in the method for which we apply a generalized weak contraction for dynamic systems and terminal cost functions instead of the Lipschitz contractive condition on a partially ordered metric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel collector N-octanoyl-S-carboxyethyl thiocarbamate (OCETC) containing C O, C S and -COOH groups was synthesized and applied to recover malachite. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of OCETC on malachite surface were systematically investigated by DFT calculation, zeta potential, FTIR, XPS, contact angle measurements and flotation experiments. It was found that C O, C S and -COOH groups were the functional sites which could react with Cu(II) ions on malachite surface and formed C O Cu(I) and C S Cu(I) bonds. The adsorption of OCETC on malachite surface significantly improved its surface hydrophobicity since the contact angle of water on malachite changed from 46.5° to 78.0°. The flotation experiments demonstrated that 6 × 10−5 mol/L OCETC enabled the recovery of up to 98.24% malachite at pH 8.0. Under the same flotation conditions, OCETC exhibited comparable flotation recovery for malachite compared to octyl hydroxamic acid (98.43%), but much better than that by benzoyl hydroxamic acid (54.13%). [Display omitted] • A multifunctional thiocarbamate surfactant (OCETC) was synthesized for recovering malachite. • The molecular activity of OCETC was studied by DFT calculation. • OCETC chemisorbed on the malachite surface by C=O, C=S and -COOH groups. • The hydrophobicity of malachite surface could be significantly improved by OCETC. • OCETC exhibited excellent flotation ability to malachite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four thioarsenates, Rb 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (1), Cs 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (2), Rb 2 Cu 5 As 3 S 8 (3), and CsCu 2 AsS 3 (4), containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. [Display omitted] • Four thioarsenates containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. • A 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (A = Rb, Cs) are the first example of quaternary Cu-AsV-S compounds. • A 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (A = Rb, Cs) exhibit good photoelectric response performance. Four thioarsenates, Rb 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (1), Cs 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (2), Rb 2 Cu 5 As 3 S 8 (3), and CsCu 2 AsS 3 (4), containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. Compounds 1 and 2 contain [Cu 4 As 3 S 13 ]7− clusters formed by the condensation of AsVS 4 tetrahedra and CuS x units (x = 3, 4). Compounds 3 and 4 possess layered structures in which arsenic ions are trivalent. All compounds are semiconductors and compounds 1 and 2 exhibit good photoelectric response performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two copper-rich thiostannates Rb 4 Cu 8 Sn 3 S 12 (1) and (H 3 O)RbCu 6 Sn 2 S 8 (2) were synthesized solvothermally. • Compound 1 possesses a three-dimensional structure containing [Cu 8 S 12 ]16- icosahedral clusters and compound 2 displays a dual-channel structure. • Compound 2 possesses the highest Cu+/Sn4+ molar ratio (3.0) in the known three-dimensional open-framework sulfides and exhibits good photocatalytic performance. Two copper-rich thiostannates Rb 4 Cu 8 Sn 3 S 12 (1) and (H 3 O)RbCu 6 Sn 2 S 8 (2) were synthesized solvothermally. Compound 1 possesses a three-dimensional structure containing [Cu 8 S 12 ]16- icosahedral clusters. Compound 2 displays a dual-channel structure and the Cu+/Sn4+ molar ratio of this compound is the highest in the known three-dimensional open-framework sulfides. The optical properties and photocatalytic degradation performances for methylene blue of 1 and 2 were also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, p-dopable poly(4-cyano)triphenylamine is prepared simply by grafting electron-withdrawing cyano group onto triphenylamine chains through a chemical oxidative polymerization. The electrochemical tests show that the organic cathode has a high average discharge voltage of 3.9 V (vs. Li + /Li), and delivers a reversible capacity of ~80 mAh g −1 with stable cycling, also a capacity of 55 mAh g −1 is retained even cycled at a high current density of 400 mA g −1 .The superior electrochemical performances of this organic cathode may enable it to be an alternative cathode material for future green and sustainable organic-based batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of SiBC matrix modified C/SiC composites (C/SiC–SiBC) with different pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interphase thicknesses (50–300 nm) were fabricated by a joint process of chemical vapor infiltration, slurry infiltration and liquid silicon infiltration. Oxidation behavior of C/SiC–SiBC composites with different PyC interphase thicknesses in the temperature range of 800–1200 °C was studied. When the C/SiC–SiBC composites were exposed at 800 °C for 10 h the oxidation kinetics was controlled by diffusion rate of oxygen through matrix micro-cracks and coating defects, and the effect of PyC interphase thickness on weight loss was apparent. At higher oxidation temperatures (>1000 °C) the in-depth diffusion of oxygen was slowed down due to healing of matrix micro-cracks by borosilicate glass, and the oxidation kinetics was controlled by diffusion rate of oxygen through coating defects. Weight loss of all the C/SiC–SiBC composites was greatly reduced and was less affected by PyC interphase thickness. The flexural strength of C/SiC–SiBC composites rapidly decreased after oxidization at 800 °C although thicker PyC interphase brought a little improvement and it rose up as temperatures increased above 1000 °C due to the non-uniform degradation of carbon fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical properties ofNa3V2(PO4)2F3cathode utilized in the sodiumion battery are investigated, and the ion migration mechanisms areproposed as combined via the first principles calculations. Two differentNa sites, namely, the Na(1) and Na(2) sites, could cause two sodiumions of Na3V2(PO4)2F3to be extracted or inserted by a two-step electrochemicalprocess accompanied by structural reorganization that could be responsiblefor the redox reaction of V3+/4+. Because the calculatedaverage voltage (Vavg) of the second chargingplateau is 4.04 V for the optimized system but 4.38 V for the unoptimizedone, the reorganization of the cathode system can make a stable configurationand lower the extraction energy. Three designed pathways for sodiumions along the x, y, zdirections in Na3V2(PO4)2F3, known as a 3D ions transport tunnel, have activationenergies (Ea) of 0.449, 0.2, and 0.323eV, respectively, by using DFT calculations, demonstrating the differentfeasibilities of the migration directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five quaternary Nb-containing sulfides Rb 2 CuNbS 4 (1), Rb 2 AgNbS 4 (2), Cs 2 AgNbS 4 (3), RbCu 2 NbS 4 (4), and CsCu 2 NbS 4 (5) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using Nb powder as the initial material, and compounds 1 – 3 exhibit excellent photoelectric response properties. [Display omitted] • Five Nb-containing quaternary sulfides were synthesized by using Nb power as the initial material. • This is the first time that a mild solvothermal method was used in the preparations of Nb-containing sulfides. • Compounds 1 – 3 exhibit excellent photoelectric response properties. Five quaternary sulfides in the A-Cu/Ag-Nb-S (A = Rb, Cs) family, namely Rb 2 CuNbS 4 (1), Rb 2 AgNbS 4 (2), Cs 2 AgNbS 4 (3), RbCu 2 NbS 4 (4), and CsCu 2 NbS 4 (5) have been synthesized by using Nb powder as the initial material under mild solvothermal conditions. Compounds 1 – 3 crystallize in space group Fdd and possess one-dimensional (1D) infinite [MNbS 4 ] n 2n– (M = Cu for 1 ; Ag for 2 and 3) anionic chains formed by edge-sharing of [MS 4 ] (M = Cu, Ag) and [NbS 4 ] units. Compounds 4 – 5 are isostructural and crystallize in space group Ama 2. Their structures contain the two-dimensional (2D) [Cu 2 NbS 4 ] n n– anionic layers, which can be regarded as a further extension of the [CuNbS 4 ] n 2n– anionic chains in compounds 1 – 3. The optical bandgaps and photoelectric response performances of these compounds have also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd–76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73–18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log K ow , and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed an ultra-sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor by assembling probe ssDNA on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite made from molybdenum disulfide, graphene, chitosan and gold nanoparticles. A thiol-tagged DNA strand coupled to horseradish peroxidase conjugated to AuNP served as a tracer. The nanocomposite on the surface acts as relatively good electrical conductor for accelerating the electron transfer, while the enzyme tagged gold nanoparticles provide signal amplification. Hybridization with the target DNA was studied by measuring the electrochemical signal response of horseradish peroxidase using differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration plot is linear in the 5.0 × 10 and 5.0 × 10 M concentration range, and the limit of detection is 2.2 × 10 M. The biosensor displays high selectivity and can differentiate between single-base mismatched and three-base mismatched sequences of DNA. The approach is deemed to provide a sensitive and reliable tool for highly specific detection of DNA. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were successfully synthesized through the rheological phase reaction method using LiOH·H2O, V2O5, NH4H2PO4, and C6H8O7·H2O as raw materials. The as-prepared powders were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites were examined by the galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that the sintering temperatures have a significant effect on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites. XRD reveals that Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites are well crystallized single phase, where Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite synthesized at 800°C for 8h displays the maximum cell volume and uniformly distributed particles. It can be seen from TEM that there is a carbon layer of about 200-500nm thick on the particle surface. The apparent D Li+ calculated from CV is in the order of magnitude of 10−7 cm2 s−1. Electrochemical tests show that Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite synthesized at 800°C for 8h exhibits excellent cycling performance of 129.149 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at the current of 15mAg−1 and a superior rate capability of 112.101 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at the current of 90mAg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, high-temperature flexural properties of the SiBC modified C/SiC composites were investigated via the four-point bending method. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites tested at 25°C, 800°C and 1200°C were 276MPa, 377MPa, 440MPa, and 78GPa, 183GPa, 189GPa, respectively. As temperature increase, thermal residual stress is released gradually, and the matrix micro-cracks and defects decrease, leading to the enhanced high-temperature elastic modulus. Interface bonding strength increases due to the gradually thermal match between the fiber and matrix, which guarantees that load could be effectively transferred from the matrix to the fiber. Therefore, the composites show higher flexural strength at high temperatures than that at room temperature. When the composites were fractured at 1200°C, the long pull-out fiber was observed, consistent with the high flexural strength of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C f /SiC composite is an excellent structural and functional material, silicon carbide nanowires (SiCnws) are not only a toughening material but also a great application in the field of microwave absorption. In this study, SiCnws are grown on the surface of carbon fiber (C f) by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis, and the SiC matrix was prepared by chemical vapor osmosis method. The SiCnws are introduced to enhance the mechanical and microwave absorption properties simultaneously. After 3 impregnations, the flexural strength of the composite was 107.35 ± 10 MPa. When the thickness is 1.86 mm, the minimum reflection loss value is −41.08 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) is 3.86 GHz. Furthermore, the microwave absorption mechanism of the material is discussed. This work provides a new method to prepare lightweight, stable and high-performance microwave absorption materials, and these materials are expected to be used in high temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a gold nanoparticle, reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) and poly(l-Arginine) composite material modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was used as the platform for the construction of a new electrochemical carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunosensor. The poly(l-Arginine)/R-GO composite film was used to modify CILE to fabricate Arg/R-GO/CILE through electropolymerization of l-Arginine on R-GO/CILE. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were adsorbed on the modified electrode to immobilize the CEA antibody and to construct the immunosensor. The stepwise assembly process of the immunosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). By combining the specific properties such as the biocompatibility and big surface area of AuNPs, and the excellent electron transfer ability of R-GO and the high conductivity of CILE, the synergistic effects of composite increased the amounts of CEA antibody adsorbed on the electrode surface and then resulted in the great increase of the electrochemical responses. Under the optimal conditions, differential pulse voltammetric responses of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− were proportional to CEA concentration in the range from 0.5 to 200ngmL−1 with the detection limit as 0.03ngmL−1 (S/N=3). The proposed immunosensor showed good reproducibility, selectivity, and acceptable stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Layered Li1.2V3O8 has been efficiently prepared via a sol–gel method. XRD and particle size analysis indicate that the final product with monoclinic structure consists of homogeneously distributed particles whose sizes are in a very narrow range. There are two different water molecules in the compound according to TGA and DTA. The structural water works as a pillar in the structure and is lost at higher temperature than the combined water. The as-prepared material was also compared with the one synthesized from the conventional solid-state method in terms of their morphology, electrochemistry capacity and electrodynamic characteristics. As a result, the Li1.2V3O8 obtained at 300°C for 10h has excellent electrochemical properties. A high-first discharge capacity of 286.4mAh/g was observed at a current rate of C/5 between 1.7 and 3.8V and the structure of Li1.2V3O8 remains stable in the subsequent cycles. EIS calculation suggests a better diffusion path for lithium ions in as-prepared material than in the solid-state compound. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: CuV2O6 is a very promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. By a soft chemistry method, CuV2O6 is successfully synthesized from V2O5 hydrogel and Cu2O powder. CuV2O6 with different degrees of crystallinity are obtained by heating CuV2O6 precursor at various temperatures. XRD, TG–DTA, TEM and SEM experiments are conducted to characterize its physical properties, and the electrochemical properties have been investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments. As a result, CuV2O6 annealed at 550°C has smaller crystal lattice constants and better electrochemical properties compared to the sample synthesized by the conventional solid-state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ag2V4O11 powder, a very important cathode material for lithium battery, has been prepared via a rheological phase method using Ag2CO3 and NH4VO3. This method provides a superiority of processing conditions over the conventional solid-state reaction. The size of so-prepared crystallites is distributed in a narrow range. The results of electrochemical studies show that the material prepared by the rheological phase method displays a higher discharge capacity and higher-rate capability compared to the conventional solid-state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ultrasonic irradiation method was applied to the sol–gel synthesis of silver vanadium oxides (SVO). Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted to research the ultrasonically accelerated reaction between V2O5 gel and Ag2O powder. Galvanostatic discharge experiments showed that the as prepared cathode active material of Ag2V4O11 and Ag1.2V3O8 have better electrochemical properties than those synthesized by conventional solid state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We first present a new definition for some form of exponential stability of solutions, including H-exponential stability, H-exponentially asymptotic stability, H-uniformly exponential stability, and H-uniformly exponentially asymptotic stability for a class of set dynamic equations on time scales. Employing Lyapunov-like functions on time scales, we provide the sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the trivial solution for such set dynamic equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]