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ABSTRACT Objective Design Methods Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Reporting Method To determine nursing costs for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), assess the correlation with diagnosis‐related group (DRG) payments and identify cost determinants.Prospective, descriptive and quantitative study.From January to December 2022, we selected ICU patients with AECOPD and used time‐driven activity‐based costing method to calculate the overall nursing costs. We examined the cost recovery rate, correlations between nursing costs and DRG Relative Weight, and factors influencing nursing costs using nonparametric tests, Spearman's rank correlation and quantile regression.The median nursing charge was US$1001.88, the median nursing cost was US$678.51, and the average cost recovery rate was 68.39%. Nursing costs correlated with the DRG Relative Weight but not with payments. Length of stay, oxygen therapy mode and noninvasive ventilator use days impacted costs.Nursing costs exceeded charges, with a moderate cost recovery rate. DRG payments do not fully reflect nursing cost variations.Our findings indicate the need to enhance the reimbursement system for nursing costs and to manage ICU nursing expenses by addressing the determinants of these costs.The authors adhered to the EQUATOR network guidelines STROBE to report observational cross‐sectional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To express human interleukin 4 (IL-4), select completely humanized anti-IL-4 single-chain antibodies (scFvs) from the completely humanized scFv library and identify their specificity., Methods: With IPTG-induced pET102/IL-4/BL21, human IL-4 was synthesized, and then purified and identified. Completely humanized scFvs against IL-4 were expressed from the completely humanized antibody phage library, and positive clones were selected with human IL-4 as antigen. The positive clones were tested by PCR, enzyme cleavage and sequencing. The specificity of the completely humanized anti-IL-4 scFvs was determined by dot blot hybridization., Results: The relative molecular mass (Mr) of IL-4 fusion protein was about 27 000. With IL-4 as antigen, we obtained the positive clones expressing anti-IL-4 antibodies. PCR showed amplified target bands of about 1000 bp. Enzyme cleavage analysis revealed that fingerprint maps of the selected clones were diverse except 2 clones. Among 4 clones expressing scFvs that had different fingerprint maps and strong binding to IL-4, sequencing showed the sequence of 3 was correct. Then, dot blot hybridization demonstrated that the scFvs expressed by the 3 clones were specific., Conclusion: Completely humanized scFvs against IL-4 has been obtained successfully.