Search

Over the past three decades, China has grown into a powerhouse for powder metallurgy (PM) parts production. Supported by a thriving and diversified domestic market for PM parts, the domestically-owned PM companies are now competing with international market leaders. China’s PM industry, however, faces the same challenges as the rest of the world’s producers ― the transition to vehicle electrification. China is a huge market and the PM applications in China are diverse. The rapid development of new energy vehicles is a challenge, but it will also bring new development opportunities. The development and current situation of the PM parts industry were analyzed by Prof. Cao and Dr. Qiu in this paper, the trends in China’s automotive industry and the impact on the PM industry were discussed, the coping strategies with the transformation of the automobile industry were proposed, and the future development of the powder metallurgy industry was prospected.

The wind profile radar data observed from the western mountainous and eastern plain areas of Chengdu from 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2022 are used to analyse the regional differences in the vertical structure and daily variation trend of the boundary layer wind field. The results indicate that: (1) There are regional differences in the prevailing wind direction of the lower boundary layer in Chengdu, with north-north-east winds prevailing in the western mountains area and northeast winds prevailing in the eastern plains, and without seasonal difference. While there is no regional difference in the prevailing wind direction between the east and west regions in the middle and upper boundary layer, both occur alternately with northeast and southwest winds that are consistent with the direction of the western mountain range. (2) The variation trend of the average wind speed profile in the boundary layer between the eastern and western areas of Chengdu is consistent, and the horizontal wind speed in the eastern plain area of the same detection height layer is greater than that in the western mountains area. (3) The local mountain-valley breeze is significant in the lower boundary layer of the western mountains area; the valley breeze with southeast winds prevails during the day; and the mountain breeze with northwest winds prevails at night. (4) There are no regional differences in the diurnal variation characteristics of horizontal wind speed at the same detection height layer, and it is a “single peak and single valley” type, with a peak during the day and a valley at night. (5) The differences in the wind field characteristics of the lower boundary layer between the east and west regions of Chengdu are mainly caused by the local complex terrain of the western mountains area.

Abstract Pile foundation structures are widely used in the construction of high-piled wharves in coastal soft soil areas due to their excellent adaptability to such environments. However, the extensive, deep backfilling involved in constructing these wharves can easily induce negative skin friction (NSF) on the piles, resulting in safety issues such as excessive settlement during the service life of the structures. This paper presents an indoor model experiment to examine the distribution of the THE NSF under varying pile-top loads and surcharge effects on single pile and double-sleeve pile foundations. The potential of double-sleeve pile foundations to mitigate the NSF was also explored. The results show that the axial force within the double-sleeve pile’s protected section remains essentially stable, though it is affected by the surface surcharge in the unprotected section. Time effect is exhibited both for the axial force and the NSF, gradually increasing over time. Compared to single piles, double-casing pile foundations can effectively isolate the down drag load caused by surrounding soil settlement, thereby reducing or eliminating the NSF on the pile sides.

Objective Multi‐segmental total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) gradually became more commonly used by clinicians. However, the choice of surgical strategy is unclear. This study aims to investigate the biomechanical performance of different prosthesis types and fixation ranges in multisegmental TES. Methods In this study, a validated finite element model of T12–L2 post‐spondylectomy operations were carried out. The prostheses of these models used either 3D‐printed artificial vertebrae or titanium mesh cages. The fixed range was two or three segment levels. Range of motion, stress distribution of the endplate and internal fixation system, intervertebral disc pressure, and facet joint surface force of four postoperative models and intact model in flexion and extension, as well as lateral bending and rotation were analyzed and compared. Results The type of prosthesis used in the anterior column reconstruction mainly affected the stress of the adjacent endplate and the prosthesis itself. The posterior fixation range had a greater influence on the overall range of motion (ROM), the ROM of the adjacent segment, the stress of the screw‐rod system, and adjacent facet joint surface force. For the model of the same prosthesis, the increase of fixed length resulted in an obvious reduction of ROM. The maximal decrease was 70.23% during extension, and the minimal decrease was 30.19% during rotation. Conclusion In three‐segment TES, the surgical strategy of using 3D‐printed artificial prosthesis for anterior column support and pedicle screws for posterior fixation at both two upper and lower levels respectively can reduce the stress on internal fixation system, endplates, and adjacent intervertebral discs, resulting in a reduced risk of internal fixation failure, and ASD development.

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized by the senescence and declining vitality of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), often driven by mitochondrial dysfunction. This study elucidates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in attenuating NPC senescence by secreting mitochondria-containing microvesicles (mitoMVs). Moreover, it demonstrates that static magnetic fields (SMF) enhance the secretion of mitoMVs by MSCs. By distinguishing mitoMV generation from exosomes, this study shifts focus to understanding the molecular mechanisms of SMF intervention, emphasizing cargo transport and plasma membrane budding processes, with RNA sequencing indicating the potential involvement of the microtubule-based transport protein Kif5b. The study further confirms the interaction between Rab22a and Kif5b, revealing Rab22a’s role in sorting mitoMVs into microvesicles (MVs) and potentially mediating subsequent plasma membrane budding. Subsequent construction of a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel delivery system further addresses the challenges of in vivo application and verifies the substantial potential of mitoMVs in delaying IVDD. This research not only sheds light on the molecular intricacies of SMF-enhanced mitoMV secretion but also provides innovative perspectives for future IVDD therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Excessive exercise is an etiological factor of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit excellent therapeutic potential for disease-modifying treatments. Herein, we fabricate an exercise self-powered triboelectric-responsive microneedle (MN) assay with the sustainable release of optogenetically engineered EVs for IVDD repair. Mechanically, exercise promotes cytosolic DNA sensing-mediated inflammatory activation in senescent nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (the master cell population for IVD homeostasis maintenance), which accelerates IVDD. TREX1 serves as a crucial nuclease, and disassembly of TRAM1-TREX1 complex disrupts the subcellular localization of TREX1, triggering TREX1-dependent genomic DNA damage during NP cell senescence. Optogenetically engineered EVs deliver TRAM1 protein into senescent NP cells, which effectively reconstructs the elimination function of TREX1. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) harvests mechanical energy and triggers the controllable release of engineered EVs. Notably, an optogenetically engineered EV-based targeting treatment strategy is used for the treatment of IVDD, showing promising clinical potential for the treatment of degeneration-associated disorders.

Objective To reasonably evaluate the energy absorption reliability index of anti-climber devices, a reliability analysis method based on ISSSM (improved sinusoidal and surrogate model) is proposed. Method Firstly, a finite element model for anti-climber device collision is established. Secondly, the rationality of the finite element simulation model is verified based on the collision test data of the anti-climber device. Then, based on the principles of sum of sine function construction, the basic form of the force-displacement function for the anti-climber device collision process is clarified. According to the energy absorption consistency criterion, the anti-climber device energy absorption ISSSM is constructed. Combining reliability theory, a reliability analysis model for anti-climber device energy absorption is established. Finally, a specific model of anti-climber device is studied, and its energy absorption reliability index is evaluated. Result & Conclusion The constructed energy absorption ISSSM can reasonably reproduce the mechanical characteristics of the anti-climber device collision energy absorption process. When the coefficient of variation increases from 0.05 to 0.1, the energy absorption reliability index decreases from 3.07 to 1.53.

Abstract The complexity of repairing large segment defects and eradicating residual tumor cell puts the osteosarcoma clinical management challenging. Current biomaterial design often overlooks the crucial role of precisely regulating innervation in bone regeneration. Here, we develop a Germanium Selenium (GeSe) co-doped polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber membrane-coated tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffold (TCP-PLA/GeSe) that mimics the bone-periosteum structure. This biomimetic scaffold offers a dual functionality, combining piezoelectric and photothermal conversion capabilities while remaining biodegradable. When subjected to ultrasound irradiation, the US-electric stimulation of TCP-PLA/GeSe enables spatiotemporal control of neurogenic differentiation. This feature supports early innervation during bone formation, promoting early neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells (SCs) by increasing intracellular Ca2+ and subsequently activating the PI3K-Akt and Ras signaling pathways. The biomimetic scaffold also demonstrates exceptional osteogenic differentiation potential under ultrasound irradiation. In rabbit model of large segment bone defects, the TCP-PLA/GeSe demonstrates promoted osteogenesis and nerve fibre ingrowth. The combined attributes of high photothermal conversion capacity and the sustained release of anti-tumor selenium from the TCP-PLA/GeSe enable the synergistic eradication of osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. This strategy provides new insights on designing advanced biomaterials of repairing large segment bone defect and osteosarcoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the determination uncertainty of four quinolones residues in honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Methods: Based on GB 31657.2—2021, a mathematical model for sources of uncertainty evaluation was established. The uncertainty of each variable which affect the result were calculated and the weight of each uncertainty component was assessed. Results: The uncertainties in the determination of enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in honey were （4.97±0.81）, （10.13±1.58）, （7.67±1.23）, （14.97±2.25） μg/kg （P=95%，k=2） respectively. Conclusion: The main influencing factors of the determination uncertainty were preparation and dilution process of standard solution and fitting of standard curve, which should be controlled in practical work.

Abstract Background Most bone defects caused by bone disease or trauma are accompanied by infection, and there is a high risk of infection spread and defect expansion. Traditional clinical treatment plans often fail due to issues like antibiotic resistance and non-union of bones. Therefore, the treatment of infected bone defects requires a strategy that simultaneously achieves high antibacterial efficiency and promotes bone regeneration. Results In this study, an ultrasound responsive vanadium tetrasulfide-loaded MXene (VSM) Schottky junction is constructed for rapid methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clearance and bone regeneration. Due to the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of VS4 and the abundant Schottky junctions, VSM has high electron–hole separation efficiency and a decreased band gap, exhibiting a strong chemodynamic and sonodynamic antibacterial efficiency of 94.03%. Under the stimulation of medical dose ultrasound, the steady release of vanadium element promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The in vivo application of VSM in infected tibial plateau bone defects of rats also has a great therapeutic effect, eliminating MRSA infection, then inhibiting inflammation and improving bone regeneration. Conclusion The present work successfully develops an ultrasound responsive VS4-based versatile sonosensitizer for robust effective antibacterial and osteogenic therapy of infected bone defects.

Objective Conventional correction techniques were challenging and of high risk of neurological complications for the correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. A new technical note we developed and named as sequential correction, was used to treat severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. The present study was to compare the clinical outcomes of sequential correction versus conventional correction for the treatment of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. Methods This is a respectively case–control study. Between January 2014 and December 2019, 36 adults underwent the surgical correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis and were included in the present study. Among them, 20 adults underwent conventional correction, 16 adults underwent sequential correction. Major curve Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, coronal imbalance, and sagittal vertical axis were compared between two groups. The patient‐reported health‐related quality of life outcomes, including the Oswestry disability index score, and SRS‐22 questionnaire, were recorded. Independent samples t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, were used to compare the differences between two groups according to the results of normal distribution test. Results In conventional correction group, the mean major curve Cobb angle was 122.50° preoperatively, 40.35° immediately after surgery, and 43.95° at final follow‐up postoperatively; the mean kyphotic angle was 97.45° preoperatively, 34.45° immediately after surgery, and 38.30° at final follow‐up postoperatively. In the sequential correction group, the mean major angle was 134.44° preoperatively, 44.56° immediately after surgery, and 46.25° at final follow‐up postoperatively; the mean kyphotic angle was 112.31° preoperatively, 39.00° immediately after surgery, and 40.38° at final follow‐up postoperatively. The mean major curve Cobb angle and kyphotic angle of both groups were improved significantly, while there were no significant differences between two groups (p > 0.001). Improved self‐reported quality of life scores were achieved postoperatively and at final follow‐up postoperatively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The total complication rate of the patients underwent conventional correction was 55%, and the total complication rate of the patients underwent sequential correction was 43.75%. The complication rate of the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusions Sequential correction is an excellent and safe treatment for severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis in adults, with similar clinical outcomes with conventional correction. The total complication rate of the patients who underwent sequential correction was slightly lower than conventional correction.

Abstract Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the major cause of low-back pain. Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) was dramatically decreased in the degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) samples of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) according to bioinformatics analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE56081 dataset. This study aims to investigate the role of HDAC9 in IVDD progression. Methods The contribution of HDAC9 to the progression of IVDD was assessed using HDAC9 knockout (HDAC9KO) mice and NP-targeted HDAC9-overexpressing mice by IVD injection of adenovirus-mediated HDAC9 under a Col2a1 promoter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analysis were used to examine the degeneration of IVD. NP cells were isolated from mice to investigate the effects of HDAC9 on apoptosis and viability. mRNA-seq and coimmunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry (co-IP/MS) analysis were used to analyze the HDAC9-regulated factors in the primary cultured NP cells. Results HDAC9 was statistically decreased in the NP tissues in aged mice. HDAC9KO mice spontaneously developed age-related IVDD compared with wild-type (HDAC9WT) mice. In addition, overexpression of HDAC9 in NP cells alleviated IVDD symptoms in a surgically-induced IVDD mouse model. In an in vitro assay, knockdown of HDAC9 inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of NP cells, and HDAC9 overexpression had the opposite effects in NP cells isolated from HDAC9KO mice. Results of mRNA-seq and co-IP/MS analysis revealed the possible proteins and signaling pathways regulated by HDAC9 in NP cells. RUNX family transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was screened out for further study, and RUNX3 was found to be deacetylated and stabilized by HDAC9. Knockdown of RUNX3 restored the effects of HDAC9 silencing on NP cells by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing viability. Conclusion Our results suggest that HDAC9 plays an important role in the development and progression of IVDD. It might be required to protect NP cells against the loss of cell viability and apoptosis by inhibiting RUNX3 acetylation and expression during IVDD. Together, our findings suggest that HDAC9 may be a potential therapeutic target in IVDD. Graphical Abstract

Excessive plasticizer migration to the insulation will have a serious impact on the safety of solid propellants. In this paper, the anti-migration EPDM insulation was prepared by introducing vinyl triethoxysilane functionalized GO (GS) as modifiers to prevent the migration of energetic plasticizers. The anti-migration performance at different temperatures was evaluated by immersion tests. The concentration of mixed plasticizers that migrated into the EPDM/GS-3 at 30 °C was decreased from 24.7% to 20.4% (17.4% decrease). The results confirmed that the introduction of GS prevented the migration of plasticizers to the EPDM insulation. The SEM results showed that GS was well-dispersed in the insulation, and there is strong interfacial interaction between GS and EPDM chains. Our research provided a new method to prepare EPDM insulation with excellent anti-migration performance.

Abstract Background Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a crucial mechanical cue that drives the progression of various diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammation. The matrix stiffness of the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues increase gradually during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), while the mechanism through which NP cells sense and react to matrix stiffness remains unclear. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics play a key role in various cellular functions. An in-depth investigation of the pathogenesis of IDD can provide new insights for the development of effective therapies. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of matrix stiffness on mitochondrial dynamics in IDD. Methods To build the gradient stiffness model, NP cells were cultured on polystyrene plates with different stiffness. Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Apoptosis related proteins, ROS level, and TUNEL staining were performed to assess the effect of substrate stiffness on NP cells. Results Stiff substrate increased phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser616 by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which promoted mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in NP cells. Furthermore, Piezo1 activation was involved in the regulation of the post-translational modifications of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission caused by matrix stiffness. Inhibition of Piezo1 and ERK1/2 can effectively reduce stiffness-induced ROS elevation and apoptosis in NP cells. Conclusions Our results revealed that stiff substrate causes Piezo1 activation and Ca2+ influx, results in ERK1/2 activation and phosphorylation of Drp1 at S616, and finally leads to mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in NP cells. These findings reveal a new mechanism of mechanotransduction in NP cells, providing novel insights into the development of therapies for treating IDD.

Background and objective Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a well‐known complication after interbody fusion. Revision surgery is necessary for symptomatic ASD to further decompress and fix the affected segment. However, no optimal construct is accepted as a standard in treating ASD. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical effects of different surgical approaches for the treatment of ASD after primary transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods A finite element model of the L1‐S1 was conducted based on computed tomography scan images. The primary surgery model was developed with a single‐level TLIF at L4‐L5 segment. The revision surgical models were developed with anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), or TLIF at L3‐L4 segment. The range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and the stress in cages were compared to investigate the biomechanical influences of different surgical approaches. Results The results indicated that all the three surgical approaches can stabilize the spinal segment by reducing the ROM at revision level. The ROM and IDP at adjacent segments of revision model of TLIF was greater than those of other revision models. While revision surgery with ALIF and LLIF had similar effects on the ROM and IDP of adjacent segments. Compared among all the surgical models, cage stress in revision model of TLIF was the maximum in extension and axial rotation. Conclusion The IDP at adjacent segments and stress in cages of revision model of TLIF was greater than those of ALIF and LLIF. This may be that direct extension of the surgical segment in the same direction results in stress concentration.

Abstract Objective The present study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the sequential correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis. Methods Between January 2014 and December 2020, 27 adults with severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis underwent sequential correction combined with posterior grade 4 or grade 5 spinal osteotomy. Radiological parameters, including the major curve Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, coronal imbalance, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA), were compared. Patient self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Results The mean major curve Cobb angle improved from 134.30 ± 13.24° to 44.48 ± 9.34° immediately after surgery and to 46.11 ± 8.94° at the final follow-up. The mean kyphotic angle improved from 112.15 ± 20.28° to 38.63 ± 15.00° immediately after surgery and to 39.85 ± 14.92° at the final follow-up. The mean preoperative major curve Cobb angle of grade 5 spinal osteotomy group was higher than that of grade 4 spinal osteotomy group. Coronal imbalance and SVA slightly improved. The patient self-reported HRQOL scores improved postoperatively and at the final follow-up. Activity, appearance and total scores of the SRS-22 of the grade 5 spinal osteotomy group at the final follow-up were significantly better than those of the grade 4 spinal osteotomy group. Conclusions Sequential correction combined with posterior grade 4 or grade 5 spinal osteotomies is an excellent and safe treatment for severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis in adults. Sequential correction combined with posterior grade 5 spinal osteotomies can be used to correct severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis with higher major curve Cobb angle.

With the adoption of a novel system architecture characterized by “physical distribution and logical unity” in new-type power systems， the support system for power grid scheduling is reconstructed. Under the new architecture， the human-machine cloud terminal （hereinafter referred to as “cloud terminal”） can realize local and remote undifferentiated browsing. However， the cloud terminal is also faced with new security challenges. First， the new architecture and the human-machine access process are analyzed， and the security problems are pointed out. Then， a unified security authentication method is proposed based on hardware fingerprint to authenticate human-machine cloud terminal is proposed. By use of digital certificates for power scheduling and biometric identification technology， multi-factor user identity authentication is performed. Startup authentication and service invocation verification are carried out， and encrypted transmission of service communication data is made possible to ensure service startup and access security. The service communication data is encrypted and transmitted to ensure the security of service startup and access. Finally， the performance of service authentication and encryption is tested， and the authentication and encryption strategies for different service request sizes are proposed. The test results show that the whole link security of human-machine access is guaranteed through the authentication of the cloud terminal， user identity， service， and communication data encryption.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used to treat a variety of cancers and common infectious diseases with high efficacy. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies suggested that COVID-19 patients may benefit from ICI immunotherapy. However, clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of ICI in COVID-19 patients are still being conducted. Currently, it is not clear whether cancer patients undergoing ICI immunotherapy should adjust their treatment strategy after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and whether ICI can reduce the viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, reports of patients with different types of tumors infected with SARS-CoV-2 under ICI immunotherapy were classified and sorted, including lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and hematologic malignances. The safety and efficacy of ICI in antitumor and anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies were compared and further discussed to provide more reference materials for the application of ICI treatment. In a word, COVID-19 has changed the ICI treatment strategy for cancer patients indeed, and ICI treatment may be a “double-edged sword” for cancer patients complicated with COVID-19.

Biomimetic metallic biomaterials prepared for bone scaffolds have drawn more and more attention in recent years. However, the topological design of scaffolds is critical to cater to multi-physical requirements for efficient cell seeding and bone regeneration, yet remains a big scientific challenge owing to the coupling of mechanical and mass-transport properties in conventional scaffolds that lead to poor control towards favorable modulus and permeability combinations. Herein, inspired by the microstructure of natural sea urchin spines, biomimetic scaffolds constructed by pentamode metamaterials (PMs) with hierarchical structural tunability were additively manufactured via selective laser melting. The mechanical and mass-transport properties of scaffolds could be simultaneously tuned by the graded porosity (B/T ratio) and the tapering level (D/d ratio). Compared with traditional metallic biomaterials, our biomimetic PM scaffolds possess graded pore distribution, suitable strength, and significant improvements to cell seeding efficiency, permeability, and impact-tolerant capacity, and they also promote in vivo osteogenesis, indicating promising application for cell proliferation and bone regeneration using a structural innovation.

Introduction: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that investigates the efficacy of different surgical methods for treating cervical disc herniation or cervical foraminal stenosis. Research question: The research aimed to compare the efficacy of Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (MI-PCF) with anterior approaches, namely Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) and Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA). Material and methods: The study included a comprehensive review of eight articles that compared ACDF and MI-PCF, and four articles that compared CDA to MI-PCF. Results: The results indicated no significant difference in surgical duration, hospital stay, complication rates, and reoperation rates between MI-PCF and ACDF. However, when comparing CDA with MI-PCF, it was found that CDA had a higher complication rate, while MI-PCF had a higher reoperation rate. Discussion and conclusion: Despite these findings, the study recommends MI-PCF as the preferred surgical method for cervical radiculopathy, owing to the advancements in minimally invasive techniques. However, these findings are preliminary, and further research with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes is necessary to confirm these findings and to further explore the potential advantages and disadvantages of these surgical methods.

Civic and political education work in colleges and universities is a reform measure of human education put forward under the fundamental pursuit and urgent demand for human education in colleges and universities by the development of the country and society. The article first researches the relevant theories of the factor analysis method, completes the construction and step-by-step design of the factor analysis mathematical model of the evaluation index of Civic and Political Education, and further constructs the CIPP model. Finally, it takes the work of Civic and Political Education in School H as an empirical study. It tries to carry out a panoramic evaluation of it so as to improve and optimize the work of Civic and Political Education. The weights of the first-level components based on the CIPP evaluation model are in the following order: evaluation of practice teaching results (0.3814) > evaluation of practice teaching process (0.2834) > evaluation of practice teaching input (0.1735) > evaluation of practice teaching background (0.1590). The results of the application of the evaluation system fully proved the rationality of the indicators constructed in this paper, which can provide a basis for the reform and innovation of Civic and Political Education.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent cause of low back pain and a leading contributor to disability. IVDD progression involves pathological shifts marked by low-grade inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolic disruptions characterized by heightened glycolytic pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. Extensive posttranslational modifications of proteins within nucleus pulposus cells and chondrocytes play crucial roles in reshaping the intervertebral disc phenotype and orchestrating metabolism and inflammation in diverse contexts. This review focuses on the pivotal roles of phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and lactylation in IVDD pathogenesis. It integrates the latest insights into various posttranslational modification-mediated metabolic and inflammatory signaling networks, laying the groundwork for targeted proteomics and metabolomics for IVDD treatment. The discussion also highlights unexplored territories, emphasizing the need for future research, particularly in understanding the role of lactylation in intervertebral disc health, an area currently shrouded in mystery.

This paper aims to develop the IDL-C system to cultivate the professional core literacy of science education teacher trainees through deep learning technology and science education theory. The authors constructed a model for assessing the effectiveness of core literacy development containing multiple algorithms to determine the system’s effectiveness. They conducted an empirical study using the example of Science Education College in S city. The values of teacher trainees in clustering as good and excellent are relatively close to each other, 0.4480 and 0.4246 respectively, and their cultivation effect is approaching from good to excellent, and the total score of the measurement = 0.685 × “Civic and Political Literacy” + 0.411 × “Foundation Literacy” + 0.091 × “Practical Literacy” + 0.111 × “Innovative Literacy”, which is most related to the cultivation of Civic and Political Literacy. The study not only enhances the core literacy of science education teacher trainees, but also promotes the modernization and reform of science education.

Aims: The objective was to compare anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals living with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes with matched controls during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Via randomization, individuals living with diabetes T1D (n = 203) and T2D (n = 413), were identified during February-July 2021 through health-care registers. Population controls (n = 282) were matched for age, gender, and residential area. Questionnaires included self-assessment of anxiety, depression, QoL, and demographics in relation to SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Blood was collected through home-capillary sampling, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCP) and Spike antibodies (SC2_S1) were determined by multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assays. Results: Younger age and health issues were related to anxiety, depression, and QoL, with no differences between the study groups. Female gender was associated with anxiety, while obesity was associated with lower QoL. The SARS‑CoV‑2 NCP seroprevalence was higher in T1D (8.9 %) compared to T2D (3.9 %) and controls (4.0 %), while the SARS‑CoV‑2 SC2_S1 seroprevalence was higher for controls (25.5 %) compared to T1D (16.8 %) and T2D (14.0 %). Conclusions: A higher SARS‑CoV‑2 infection rate in T1D may be explained by younger age and higher employment rate, and the associated increased risk for viral exposure.

Due to the current kindergarten preschool education being increasingly emphasized, this paper combines intelligent technology to explore, firstly, analyzes the current intelligent learning environment model and designs the intelligent learning environment based on human-computer interaction. Secondly, the emblem elements are integrated into the physical learning environment, combined with intelligent VR technology, gesture interaction recognition based on feature vectors and pose interaction recognition based on vector machines to realize the construction of the smart learning environment. Finally, the interaction performance in the smart learning environment is analyzed based on simulation experiments, and the changes in learning effects are explored. The application yields that young children’s independent ability and social interaction ability increased by 0.5 and 0.48, respectively, and the mathematical thinking ability, artistic creation ability and Hui culture cognitive ability increased by 0.35, 0.39 and 0.32, respectively.

Abstract Background Growing evidence has suggested the role of stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The cargo sorting of sEVs, particularly miRNAs, may be influenced when the donor cell is subjected to oxidative stress. Here, we discovered that miRNAs containing specific motifs are selectively sorted into intraluminal vesicles within mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in response to oxidative stress. Methods Analysis of miRNA cargoes in sEVs derived from normal MSCs (C‐sEVs) or stressed MSCs (T‐sEVs) was conducted using miRNA sequencing. Differential expressed miRNAs in sEVs and the identification of motifs were evaluated through bioinformatics analysis. Protein binding was assessed using immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation analysis. Additionally, RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) immunoprecipitation were employed to determine the binding between miRNAs and proteins. The effects of C‐sEVs and T‐sEVs on IVDD were compared by detecting the expression levels of phenotypic genes in vitro or histological evaluation in vivo. Results The sorting process of miRNAs is mediated by the nucleocytoplasmic transport of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, which in turn facilitates the phosphorylation of SNAP25 and promotes the transport and secretion of sEVs. Additionally, CHMP1B plays a role in membrane repair and protects against cell ferroptosis upon oxidative stress, concurrently affecting the release of sEVs. Notably, stem cell‐derived sEVs associated with ferroptosis impair the therapeutic efficacy for IVDD. However, the application of engineered sEVs containing a specific miRNA inhibitor exhibits the potential to reinstate the therapeutic efficacy for IVDD both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Taken together, our findings shed light on the mechanism of miRNAs sorting into sEVs and offer new insights for the optimization of sEV‐based treatments during intervertebral disc regeneration. regeneration.

CMOS Ring Oscillator has many advantages such as small layout area, large frequency range and easy integration. It is widely used in the DC-DC buck converter and electronic communication systems. On the basis of the traditional ring oscillator circuit, an independent charge and discharge control path is designed to realize a cross charge and discharge ring oscillator circuit, and a lower frequency oscillation period is obtained by externally connecting an off-chip capacitor. Based on 0.18 μm process, the circuit has been simulated with HSIM tool. After the back-end physical implementation, the layout of the oscillation occupies an area of 172 μm×76 μm. Using tools to extract parasitic parameters from the layout and conduct post-simulation, the simulation results indicates that with externally connecting an off-chip capacitor, and the power supply voltage in 3.3 V and temperature in 25℃, the oscillator has a clock period of 1.2 ms. With the power supply voltage changes in 2.7 V~5.5 V and temperature changes in -55℃~125℃, the frequency deviation is 5.83%.The circuit has been successfully applied in a power management chip.

In order to solve the problems of high Fe2+ and Mn2+ content and limited adsorption capacity of lignite in acid mine wastewater (AMD), lignite was selected as the base material and silane coupling agent 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane (MPTMS) was selected as the modification reagent to modify the lignite. The influence of the change of each influencing factor on the response value was investigated by single factor test.and the interaction of each influence factor was further determined by response surface methodology (RSM). The composites were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer (FTIR). The results show that the optimal preparation conditions of sulfhydryl modified lignite were determined by single factor test as follows: lignite particle size 0.18 mm (80 mesh), mass ratio of lignite to methanol 1∶3, reaction temperature of 40 ℃. The Design-Expert software is used to optimize the ratio, after comprehensively considering the removal rate and cost, the optimal ratio of mercapto-modified lignite in this experiment is proposed as follows: the particle size of lignite is 0.18 mm (80 mesh), the mass ratio of lignite to methanol is 1∶4, and the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, the Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal rates are 84.2% and 88.9%, respectively. The saturated adsorption capacity is 6.715mg/g and 2.295 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the original lignite, the Mn2+ removal rate, Fe2+ adsorption capacity and Mn2+ adsorption capacity increase by 44.9%, 27.42% and 29.01%, respectively. The isothermal adsorption lines of Fe2+ and Mn2+ adsorbed by modified lignite all conform to Langmuir model, and the adsorption conforms to monolayer adsorption process. It can be seen from the characterization results that the surface structure of lignite after modification with sulfhydryl group is destroyed and a large number of pore structures appear, and the specific surface area is greatly increased. At the same time, the molecular structure of MPYMS contains silicon, oxygen and sulphur, silica base, which are easy to hydrolyze with the carrier materials containing mercapto groups to form a C—Si—O bond, so that the mercapto groups are grafted onto the surface of the carrier materials, and the combination of heavy metal ions and adsorbent surface group could promote its skeleton deformation or fracture, generate molecular fragments, expose more hydroxyl, increase the adsorption sites, and improve the adsorption capacity of lignite.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential correction using satellite rod in patients with severe rigid spinal deformity undergoing posterior-only PVCR. Methods 19 patients with severe rigid spinal deformity who underwent PVCR at our center from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed. Radiographic measurements, including major coronal Cobb angle, kyphotic curve angle, coronal and sagittal balance were measured. Clinical results were noted, including the SRS-22 questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Index score, and complications. Results Total 19 patients were followed at least 2 years. The mean coronal Cobb angle decreased from 122.7° ± 13.17° to 57.89° ± 8.65° postoperatively, and to 58.42° ± 8.98° at final follow-up. Correction rate is 52.8%. The kyphotic curve angle improved from 102.2° ± 17.05° preoperatively to 39.68° ± 13.67° postoperatively, and to 37.74° ± 12.14° at final follow-up. Correction rate is 61.2%. Compared to preoperative results, apex vertebral translation, ODI and SRS-22 were significantly improved at the final follow-up. Conclusions For patients with severe rigid spinal deformities, sequential correction with an auxiliary satellite rod can effectively reduce surgical difficulty and improve correction rate.

Nanotopographical cues endow biomaterials the ability to guide cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Cellular mechanical memory can maintain the cell status by retaining cellular information obtained from past mechanical microenvironments. Here, we propose a new concept “morphology memory of small extracellular vesicles (sEV)” for bone regeneration. We performed nanotopography on titanium plates through alkali and heat (Ti8) treatment to promote human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation. Next, we extracted the sEVs from the hMSC, which were cultured on the nanotopographical Ti plates for 21 days (Ti8-21-sEV). We demonstrated that Ti8-21-sEV had superior pro-osteogenesis ability in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing further confirmed that Ti8-21-sEV promote bone regeneration through osteogenic-related pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. Finally, we decorated the Ti8-21-sEV on a 3D printed porous polyetheretherketone scaffold. The femoral condyle defect model of rabbits was used to demonstrate that Ti8-21-sEV had the best bone ingrowth. In summary, our study demonstrated that the Ti8-21-sEV have memory function by copying the pro-osteogenesis information from the nanotopography. We expect that our study will encourage the discovery of other sEV with morphology memory for tissue regeneration.

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological reason of back pain and the therapeutic approaches are still unsatisfactory. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as the novel regenerative method for IDD. In this study, we intensively investigated the therapeutic mechanism of small EVs, and found that vasorin protein enriched in EVs promoted the proliferation and extracellular matrix anabolism of nucleus pulposus cells via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Then, we fabricated a thermoresponsive gel which composed of Pluronic F127 and decellularized extracellular matrix (FEC) for the delivery and sustained release of EVs. Besides, ex vivo and in vivo results showed that EVs embedded in FEC (EVs@FEC) ameliorate the disc degeneration efficiently and achieve better therapeutic effects than one-off EVs delivery. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of EVs mechanism in treating intervertebral disc degeneration, and also illustrate the promising capacity of sustained EVs release system for intervertebral disc regeneration.

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are new energy collection devices that have the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, miniaturization capability, and convenient manufacture. TENGs mainly utilize the triboelectric effect to obtain mechanical energy from organisms or the environment, and this mechanical energy is then converted into and output as electrical energy. Bioelectricity is a phenomenon that widely exists in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, as well as adjacent cells’ communication and coordination. Therefore, based on these features, TENGs can be applied in organisms to collect energy and output electrical stimulation to act on cells, changing their activities and thereby playing a role in regulating cellular function and interfering with cellular fate, which can further develop into new methods of health care and disease intervention. In this review, we first introduce the working principle of TENGs and their working modes, and then summarize the current research status of cellular function regulation and fate determination stimulated by TENGs, and also analyze their application prospects for changing various processes of cell activity. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of TENGs in the fields of life science and biomedical engineering, and propose a variety of possibilities for their potential development direction.

Degenerative orthopedic diseases, as a global public health problem, have made serious negative impact on patients’ quality of life and socio-economic burden. Traditional treatments, including chemical drugs and surgical treatments, have obvious side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy. Therefore, biological therapy has become the focus of researches on degenerative orthopedic diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with superior properties of immunoregulatory, growth support, and drug delivery capabilities, have emerged as a new cell-free strategy for the treatment of many diseases, including degenerative orthopedic diseases. An increasing number of studies have shown that EVs can be engineered through cargo loading, surface modification, and chemical synthesis to improve efficiency, specificity, and safety. Herein, a comprehensive overview of recent advances in engineering strategies and applications of engineered EVs as well as related researches in degenerative orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is provided. In addition, we analyze the potential and challenges of applying engineered EVs to clinical practice.

Industrial large models are attracting significant attention for their roles in improving industrial production efficiency and product quality. This paper categorises and reviews current research on industrial large models in three main areas: pre-training, fine-tuning, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also introduces a generic platform for industrial large models, including a model for interaction between industrial large and small models. Furthermore, it specifies the application areas of large industrial models within product lifecycle management, and discusses the challenges encountered during their development.

We investigated the role of the interaction between the Notch and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in septic myocardial injury. The sepsis model was induced in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were divided into control, LPS, LPS + TAK242 ((6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate) and LPS + DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinetbutylester) groups. Heart function was evaluated with a Cardiac Doppler ultrasound. Myocardial morphological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). Apoptosis was assessed by a TUNEL assay. The mRNA and protein levels were detected with real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. We found that heart function in the LPS + TAK242 group was significantly improved, but not in the LPS + DAPT group. LPS + TAK242 had a lower level of degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as lower apoptosis and caspase-3 expression than the LPS group. Compared with the LPS group, the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the LPS + DAPT group, while the degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes were not obviously improved. Additionally, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6, the protein contents of Notch intracellular domain and Hes1, and the P65 nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) to P-P65 NF-κB ratio in LPS + TAK242 group and LPS + DAPT group were significantly lower than those in LPS group. Conclusively, the interaction between TLR4 and Notch signaling pathways enhances the inflammatory response in the septic heart by activating NF-κB. Blocking the TLR4 pathway with TAK242 can improve heart dysfunction and myocardial damage in sepsis, while blocking the Notch pathway with DAPT cannot effectively prevent heart dysfunction and myocardial damage in sepsis.

Abstract Background To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative distal adding-on in patients with Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). More accurate selection criteria for the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) should be confirmed to prevent distal adding-on. Methods Forty-six patients with Lenke 5C AIS who underwent posterior fusion were enrolled in the study. Patients were allocated into adding-on and no adding-on groups. Demographic data, clinical data, and radiographic parameters were recorded and compared. Results Postoperative distal adding-on occurred in eight patients (17.4%) during follow-up. Demographic data, clinical data, and baseline radiographic parameters of the two groups were not significantly different. The postoperative thoracolumbar (TL) or lumbar (L) Cobb angle, LIV translation, and LIV + 1 translation were higher in the adding-on group than those in the no adding-on group, while the postoperative coronal imbalance of the adding-on group was lower than that of the no adding-on group. The level difference of last barely touched vertebra (LBTV) and last substantial touched vertebra (LSTV) with LIV were higher in the adding-on group than in the no adding-on group. Conclusion Postoperative TL/L curve, postoperative LIV translation, postoperative LIV + 1 translation, and postoperative coronal imbalance were determined as risk factors for postoperative distal adding-on in patients with Lenke 5C AIS. Moreover, LIV selection of LBTV-1 or LSTV-1 may cause a higher risk of postoperative distal adding-on.

IntroductionGeneric substitution is encouraged to reduce pharmaceutical spending in China, and with incentive policies, the market size of the generic drug continues to rise. To find out how the generic competition affects drug price in this area, this study examines how the quantity of generic drug manufacturers can influence average drug price in the Chinese market.MethodsThis study uses a rigorous selection of drugs from the 2021 China’s National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL), and uses drug-level fixed effects regressions to estimate the relationship between competition and price within each drug.ResultsWe note that drug prices decline with increasing competition in the Chinese market, but not in a perfectly linear manner, with marginal price declines decreasing after the fourth entrant and “rebounding” at subsequent entrants, especially the sixth.DiscussionThe findings suggest the importance of maintaining effective competition between suppliers to control prices, and that the government needs to further control generic pricing, especially for late entry generics, to ensure effective competition in the Chinese market.

Abstract In recent decades, accumulating research on the interactions between microbiome homeostasis and host health has broadened new frontiers in delineating the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies. By transporting proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites in their versatile bioactive molecules, extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural bioactive cell‐secreted nanoparticles, may be key mediators of microbiota–host communications. In addition to their positive and negative roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, there is considerable evidence to implicate EVs secreted by bacteria (bacterial EVs [BEVs]) in the onset and progression of various diseases, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatological, neurological, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as in cancer. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have explored BEV‐based platforms to design novel biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, in this review, we highlight the recent advances in BEV biogenesis, composition, biofunctions, and their potential involvement in disease pathologies. Furthermore, we introduce the current and emerging clinical applications of BEVs in diagnostic analytics, vaccine design, and novel therapeutic development.

Objective To report the first application of bipolar coagulation in separating donor vessels of surgical revascularization and explore the differences with traditional separated techniques. Methods and Results Instruments included high⁃frequency electrosurgical electric knife with bipolar mode [electric coagulation energy 60-70 W (separation) or 4-8 W (hemostasis)], short bipolar forceps (body length was 12 cm and its tips was coated with strong anti⁃stick coating, of which diameter was＜0.50 mm) and a short microaspirator tip (its length was 15 cm with 0.50 mm diameter). Initially, the shape of superficial temporal artery (STA) was marked and an incision was made based on surgical types from damaging the root of STA. Following with the fixed flap, bipolar tweezers were employed to separate the artery with 70 W of electric energy. And in this procedure, the arterial pulse and walking was verified by fingers. Afterwards, the surgeon separated donor arteries from the deep connective tissue by short bipolar forceps with lifting vessels away from the flap on the other hand. Of notes, bipolar forceps should avoid direct contact with vessels and the maintain of moist arterial staus also requires in the whole process. In addition, cotton tablets which were soked with fasudil could wrap the donors for rapid angiectasis just in case of strong vasospasm. Conclusions The quality of donor vessels is a primary factor determining the success of cerebral revascularization. In contrast with the traditional separated techniques, short tweezers were applied in the separation of donor vessels with sharp tips, favorable safety, little damages, high power of electrocoagulation and efficiency. Besides, the length of arteries harvested by bipolar coagulation was longer than that by monopolar coagulation, so did with the vascular compliance. Precise coagulation should be applied at a certain distance from targeted blood vessels and a proper amount of soft tissues could be attached to vessels. Once donor arteries or these branches were bleeding, bipolar tips could be employed in the hemorrhagic sites with 6 W of the electric coagulation power softly. Meanwhile, the techniques in the separation of blood vessels by bipolar forceps required high surgical abilities which called for practices.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain and Nucleus pulposus cell senescence contributes a lot to its progression. Here, the authors reveal WTAP-mediated m6A modification of lncRNA NORAD promotes IVDD.

Abstract Purpose This review aimed to describe the preoperative management and postoperative complications associated with transoral decompression of the upper cervical spine, and to clarify the risk factors, related issues and complication management. Methods Studies on transoral decompression for the upper cervical spine were reviewed systematically. The preoperative management and postoperative complications associated with transoral decompression for upper cervical deformities were analyzed. Results Evidence suggests that preoperative management in patients undergoing transoral decompression for the upper cervical spine is closely related to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Hence, preoperative surgical planning, preoperative preparation, and oral nursing care should be seriously considered in these patients. Moreover, while being established as an effective and safe method, transoral decompression is associated with several postoperative complications, which could be prevented by elaborate preoperative management, improved surgical skills, and appropriate precautionary measures. Conclusions The effectiveness and safety of transoral decompression has been improved by the constant development of operative techniques and advanced auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic methods, with the understanding of the anatomical structure of the craniocervical joint. Therefore, the incidence rates of postoperative complications have decreased. The application of individualized anterior implants and less-invasive endoscopic endonasal approach has improved the effectiveness of transoral decompression and reduced the associated complications.

Objective This retrospective case‐control study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of full‐endoscopic visualized foraminoplasty and discectomy (FEVFD) with microdiscectomy (MD) for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods Data from 198 patients who presented with LDH between January 2016 and December 2017 treated by either FEVFD or MD were retrospectively analyzed. The inclusion criteria were single‐level LDH, unilateral radiating leg pain with or without positive Lasegue's sign, and failure of standard conservative treatment for at least 12 weeks. The patients were categorized into an FEVFD group (n = 102) or an MD group (n = 96), according to the surgical procedure performed. Operative time, time in bed after surgery, postoperative hospitalization time, complications, and reoperations were recorded. Visual analog scales (VAS) for leg and back pain, Oswestry Disability index (ODI), 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey physical function (SF36‐PF), and bodily pain (SF36‐BP) scores were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results The demographic data and baseline characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different. Operative time for the FEVFD group (73.82 ± 20.73 min) was longer than that for the MD group (64.74 ± 17.37 min) (P = 0.003), and fluoroscopy time for the FEVFD group (1.71 ± 0.58s) was longer than that for the MD group (1.30 ± 0.33s) (P

Energy security is an overall and crucial issue related to a country’s economic and social development. It is essential to the country’s development, the improvement of people’s lives, and the long-term stability of society. International energy cooperation has always played an important role in ensuring energy security. As the connotation of energy security shifts toward multiple dimensions, the positioning and main tasks of international energy cooperation are facing renewal and evolution. Based on the latest domestic and foreign situations in the energy sector and considering the new connotation of energy security, this study comprehensively elaborates the positioning of international energy cooperation in China in the new era and analyzes the key issues in the recent international energy cooperation. It is pointed out by the research that the new energy security concept proposes new and higher requirements for China’s international energy cooperation. In the near future, it should focus on promoting the establishment of a diversified import and trade pattern for oil and gas, strengthen the interconnection of electricity with neighboring countries, increase cooperation in advanced energy technologies, and actively participate in and lead the global energy governance, so as to lay a solid foundation to ensure energy security under open-up conditions.

IntroductionNeurological impairment during spinal deformity surgery is the most serious possible complication. When confronting intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring alerts, various surgical management methods such as the release of implants and decompression of the spinal cord are always performed. Transvertebral transposition of the spinal cord is rarely performed, and its role in the management of acute paraplegia is seldom reported.Case descriptionThe authors present two patients with kyphoscoliosis who experienced neurological deficits and abnormal neurological monitoring intraoperatively or post-operatively that were detected during correction surgery. Acute paraplegia was confirmed by a wake-up test. Subsequent spinal cord transposition was performed. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were performed to detect the changes during the process. After transvertebral transposition of the spinal cord, the MEPs and SEPs were significantly improved in both patients during surgery. The spinal cord function was restored post-operatively and recovered to normal at the final follow-up in two patients.ConclusionThis case demonstrated that instead of decreasing the correction ratio of kyphoscoliosis, transvertebral transposition of the spinal cord under intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for acute spinal cord dysfunction caused by deformity correction surgeries.

The aim of the article is to present the results of the survey on the structure of the discourse on Poland present in the content of various Chinese newspapers and magazines. In the first part, we provide an overview of the history, characteristic and development trends of the Chinese newspaper market. In order to construct the collection of messages about Poland and Poles, a query was carried out in 172 journalistic materials published in 2015-2020. The first step of analysis performed in this research was the lexical analysis of the Chinese print media gathered in the text corpus of app. 160 thous. words. Additionally, the authors of the article used text mining analytics software to extract the main concepts. The next phase of the survey was the computer assisted content analysis. For the research purposes 150 categories dictionaries were created. Those dictionaries consisted of the set of words gathered on the same semantic basis. The unit of the analysis in this phase of the research was a single paragraph (N=2465 units) and the results of this analysis were the hierarchy and key-ness of collective symbols, themes, actors and places present in the press discourse on Poland. In the last part of the research—as a result of factor analysis—the structure of the discourse on Poland in the Chinese press was reduced to 9 strongest factors determining which different (detailed) categories have the tendency to co-occur and that is why they create easily distinguishable configurations.