Search

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. However, current machine learning studies limited to small homogeneous samples, different methodologies, and different imaging collection protocols, limit the ability to directly compare and generalize their results. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls and assess the generalizability using a large heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group. METHODS: We analyzed brain MRI data from 3,477 structural-MRI; 2,495 resting state-fMRI; and 1,952 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality. RESULTS: We found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60 % test AUC for s-MRI, 59 % for rs-fMRI and 56 % for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history in each modality (75 % AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance. CONCLUSION: These results have the potential to provide a baseline classification performance for PTSD when using large scale neuroimaging datasets. Our findings show that the control group used can heavily affect classification performance. The DVAE framework provided better generalizability for the multi-site data. This may be more significant in clinical practice since the neuroimaging-based diagnostic DVAE classification models are much less site-specific, rendering them more generalizable.

A gold@platinum (Au@Pt) nanozyme-based test strip for the convenient and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide residues in foods was developed using Whatman No.1 filter paper as the carrier, Au@Pt nanozyme as the catalyst, 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine as the color developer, and acetic acid-sodium acetate solution at pH 4.6 as the buffer system. The optimized test strip soaking time was 10 s. The test paper could detect hydrogen peroxide in samples within 3 min with a minimum detection limit of 0.34 mg/kg and a good linearity (R2 = 0.993 1). The test paper is easy to make, highly accurate, stable and simple to operate, and can be used in the real-time on-site detection of food products in various distribution channels.

It has been documented that human activities are causing the rapid loss of taxonomic, phylogenetic, genetic and functional diversity in soils. However, it remains unclear how modern intensive rice cultivation impacts the soil microbiome and its functionality. Here we examined the microbial composition and function differences between a buried Neolithic paddy soil and an adjacent, currently-cultivated paddy soil using high throughput metagenomics technologies. Our results showed that the currently cultivated soil contained about 10-fold more microbial biomass than the buried one. Analyses based on both 16S rRNA genes and functional gene array showed that the currently cultivated soil had significantly higher phylogenetic diversity, but less functional diversity than the buried Neolithic one. The community structures were significantly different between modern and ancient soils, with functional structure shifting towards accelerated organic carbon (C) degradation and nitrogen (N) transformation in the modern soils. This study implies that, modern intensive rice cultivation has substantially altered soil microbial functional structure, leading to functional homogenization and the promotion of soil ecological functions related to the acceleration of nutrient cycling which is necessary for high crop yields.

The tribological behaviour of articular cartilage plays a key role in joint motion; however, there is a gap in research on the effect of hyperuricemic joint fluid on cartilage friction behaviour in acute gouty arthritis. In this study, we carried out a fixed-load scratch experiment to compare the friction and wear of articular cartilage under the lubrication of gouty arthritis arthritic fluid and normal human arthritic fluid, and the results showed that the cartilage friction coefficient of patients with acute gouty arthritis was significantly larger than that of normal human beings, and that the cartilage friction coefficient decreased with the elevation of normal load and sliding speed, and the change with the sliding speed varied more differently from that of normal human beings, and that the cartilage surface wear was more severe after prolonged friction. The wear and tear of the cartilage surface is more severe after prolonged friction. Patients with gouty arthritis should reduce the sudden speed changes such as fast running and variable speed running to maintain the stability of the cartilage surface friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–semiconductor contacts are crucial components in semiconductor devices. Ultrathin two‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenide semiconductors can sustain transistor scaling for next‐generation integrated circuits. However, their performance is often degraded by conventional metal deposition, which results in a high barrier due to chemical disorder and Fermi‐level pinning (FLP). Although, transferring electrodes can address these issues, they are limited in achieving universal transfer of full‐class metals due to strong adhesion between pre‐deposited metals and substrates. Here, we propose a nanobelt‐assisted transfer strategy that can avoid the adhesion limitation and enables the universal transfer of over 20 different types of electrodes. Our contacts obey the Schottky–Mott rule and exhibit a FLP of S = 0.99. Both the electron and hole contacts show record‐low Schottky barriers of 4.2 and 11.2 meV, respectively. As a demonstration, we construct a doping‐free WSe2 inverter with these high‐performance contacts, which exhibits a static power consumption of only 58 pW. This strategy provides a universal method of electrode preparation for building high‐performance post‐Moore electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)