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1. SITUATE: Indoor Human Trajectory Prediction through Geometric Features and Self-Supervised Vision Representation

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Toaiari, Andrea, Avogaro, Andrea, Khan, Uzair, Jivoji, Aditya, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Patterns of human motion in outdoor and indoor environments are substantially different due to the scope of the environment and the typical intentions of people therein. While outdoor trajectory forecasting has received significant attention, indoor forecasting is still an underexplored research area. This paper proposes SITUATE, a novel approach to cope with indoor human trajectory prediction by leveraging equivariant and invariant geometric features and a self-supervised vision representation. The geometric learning modules model the intrinsic symmetries and human movements inherent in indoor spaces. This concept becomes particularly important because self-loops at various scales and rapid direction changes often characterize indoor trajectories. On the other hand, the vision representation module is used to acquire spatial-semantic information about the environment to predict users' future locations more accurately. We evaluate our method through comprehensive experiments on the two most famous indoor trajectory forecasting datasets, i.e., TH\"OR and Supermarket, obtaining state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we also achieve competitive results in outdoor scenarios, showing that indoor-oriented forecasting models generalize better than outdoor-oriented ones. The source code is available at https://github.com/intelligolabs/SITUATE., Comment: Accepted at the 27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2024)

Published
2024

2. Enhancing Split Computing and Early Exit Applications through Predefined Sparsity

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Fraccaroli, Enrico, Petrozziello, Giulio, Setti, Francesco, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

In the past decade, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieved state-of-the-art performance in a broad range of problems, spanning from object classification and action recognition to smart building and healthcare. The flexibility that makes DNNs such a pervasive technology comes at a price: the computational requirements preclude their deployment on most of the resource-constrained edge devices available today to solve real-time and real-world tasks. This paper introduces a novel approach to address this challenge by combining the concept of predefined sparsity with Split Computing (SC) and Early Exit (EE). In particular, SC aims at splitting a DNN with a part of it deployed on an edge device and the rest on a remote server. Instead, EE allows the system to stop using the remote server and rely solely on the edge device's computation if the answer is already good enough. Specifically, how to apply such a predefined sparsity to a SC and EE paradigm has never been studied. This paper studies this problem and shows how predefined sparsity significantly reduces the computational, storage, and energy burdens during the training and inference phases, regardless of the hardware platform. This makes it a valuable approach for enhancing the performance of SC and EE applications. Experimental results showcase reductions exceeding 4x in storage and computational complexity without compromising performance. The source code is available at https://github.com/intelligolabs/sparsity_sc_ee., Comment: Accepted at the 27th Forum on specification and Design Languages (FDL 2024)

Published
2024

3. MTL-Split: Multi-Task Learning for Edge Devices using Split Computing

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Fraccaroli, Enrico, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Split Computing (SC), where a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is intelligently split with a part of it deployed on an edge device and the rest on a remote server is emerging as a promising approach. It allows the power of DNNs to be leveraged for latency-sensitive applications that do not allow the entire DNN to be deployed remotely, while not having sufficient computation bandwidth available locally. In many such embedded systems scenarios, such as those in the automotive domain, computational resource constraints also necessitate Multi-Task Learning (MTL), where the same DNN is used for multiple inference tasks instead of having dedicated DNNs for each task, which would need more computing bandwidth. However, how to partition such a multi-tasking DNN to be deployed within a SC framework has not been sufficiently studied. This paper studies this problem, and MTL-Split, our novel proposed architecture, shows encouraging results on both synthetic and real-world data. The source code is available at https://github.com/intelligolabs/MTL-Split., Comment: Accepted at the 61st Design Automation Conference (DAC 2024)

Published
2024

4. Leveraging Latent Diffusion Models for Training-Free In-Distribution Data Augmentation for Surface Defect Detection

Author

Girella, Federico, Liu, Ziyue, Fummi, Franco, Setti, Francesco, Cristani, Marco, and Capogrosso, Luigi

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Defect detection is the task of identifying defects in production samples. Usually, defect detection classifiers are trained on ground-truth data formed by normal samples (negative data) and samples with defects (positive data), where the latter are consistently fewer than normal samples. State-of-the-art data augmentation procedures add synthetic defect data by superimposing artifacts to normal samples to mitigate problems related to unbalanced training data. These techniques often produce out-of-distribution images, resulting in systems that learn what is not a normal sample but cannot accurately identify what a defect looks like. In this work, we introduce DIAG, a training-free Diffusion-based In-distribution Anomaly Generation pipeline for data augmentation. Unlike conventional image generation techniques, we implement a human-in-the-loop pipeline, where domain experts provide multimodal guidance to the model through text descriptions and region localization of the possible anomalies. This strategic shift enhances the interpretability of results and fosters a more robust human feedback loop, facilitating iterative improvements of the generated outputs. Remarkably, our approach operates in a zero-shot manner, avoiding time-consuming fine-tuning procedures while achieving superior performance. We demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of DIAG with respect to state-of-the-art data augmentation approaches on the challenging KSDD2 dataset, with an improvement in AP of approximately 18% when positive samples are available and 28% when they are missing. The source code is available at https://github.com/intelligolabs/DIAG., Comment: Accepted at the 21st International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI 2024)

Published
2024

5. Diffusion-based Image Generation for In-distribution Data Augmentation in Surface Defect Detection

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Girella, Federico, Taioli, Francesco, Chiara, Michele Dalla, Aqeel, Muhammad, Fummi, Franco, Setti, Francesco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In this study, we show that diffusion models can be used in industrial scenarios to improve the data augmentation procedure in the context of surface defect detection. In general, defect detection classifiers are trained on ground-truth data formed by normal samples (negative data) and samples with defects (positive data), where the latter are consistently fewer than normal samples. For these reasons, state-of-the-art data augmentation procedures add synthetic defect data by superimposing artifacts to normal samples. This leads to out-of-distribution augmented data so that the classification system learns what is not a normal sample but does not know what a defect really is. We show that diffusion models overcome this situation, providing more realistic in-distribution defects so that the model can learn the defect's genuine appearance. We propose a novel approach for data augmentation that mixes out-of-distribution with in-distribution samples, which we call In&Out. The approach can deal with two data augmentation setups: i) when no defects are available (zero-shot data augmentation) and ii) when defects are available, which can be in a small number (few-shot) or a large one (full-shot). We focus the experimental part on the most challenging benchmark in the state-of-the-art, i.e., the Kolektor Surface-Defect Dataset 2, defining the new state-of-the-art classification AP score under weak supervision of .782. The code is available at https://github.com/intelligolabs/in_and_out., Comment: Accepted at the 19th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP 2024)

Published
2024

6. Dipolar bosons in a twisted bilayer geometry

Author

Zhang, Chao, Fan, Zhijie, Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara, and Deng, Youjin

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In recent years, twisted bilayer systems such as bilayer graphene have attracted a great deal of attention as the twist angle introduces a degree of freedom which can be used to non-trivially modify system properties. This idea has been picked up in the cold atom community, first with a theoretical proposal to simulate twisted bilayers in state-dependent optical lattices, and, more recently, with an experimental realization of twisted bilayers with bosonic atoms in two different spin states. In this manuscript, we theoretically investigate dipolar bosons in a twisted bilayer geometry. The interplay between dipolar interaction and the twist between the layers results in the emergence of quantum states not observed in the absence of twist. We study how system properties vary as we change the twist angle at fixed distance between the layers and fixed dipolar interaction. We find that at a twist angle $\theta=0.1^{\circ}$, the observed quantum phases are consistent with those seen in the absence of twist angle, i.e. paired superfluid, paired supersolid, and paired solid phases. However, a slight increase in the twist angle to $\theta=0.2^{\circ}$ disrupts these paired phases in favor of a phase separation between checkerboard solid and superfluid regions. Notably, at a twist angle of $\theta=5.21^{\circ}$, the local occupation number follows the moir\'e pattern of the underlying moir\'e bilayers so that a periodic structure of insulating islands is formed. These insulating islands are surrounded by a superfluid., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

7. Thermocrystallization of lattice dipolar bosons coupled to a high-finesse cavity

Author

Hebib, Yaghmorassene, Zhang, Chao, Boninsegni, Massimo, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Investigating finite temperature effects on quantum phases is key to their experimental realization. Finite temperature, and the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations can undermine properties and/or key features of quantum systems but they can also bring upon interesting phenomena. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the finite temperature phase diagram of two-dimensional lattice dipolar bosons coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. Interestingly, we observe that checkerboard density-density correlations are enhanced at finite temperature. Indeed, we found that finite temperature drives a superfluid ground state into a normal state which will then develop checkerboard order at higher temperatures. We show that this effect is solely due to the cavity-mediated interactions. We also confirm that the supersolid checkerboard phase survives for a wide range of filling factors up to temperature scale of the order of half hopping amplitude, while the checkerboard diagonal order can survive up to temperatures of a few hopping amplitudes., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

9. Disentangled Latent Spaces Facilitate Data-Driven Auxiliary Learning

Author

Skenderi, Geri, Capogrosso, Luigi, Toaiari, Andrea, Denitto, Matteo, Fummi, Franco, Melzi, Simone, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In deep learning, auxiliary objectives are often used to facilitate learning in situations where data is scarce, or the principal task is extremely complex. This idea is primarily inspired by the improved generalization capability induced by solving multiple tasks simultaneously, which leads to a more robust shared representation. Nevertheless, finding optimal auxiliary tasks that give rise to the desired improvement is a crucial problem that often requires hand-crafted solutions or expensive meta-learning approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, dubbed Detaux, whereby a weakly supervised disentanglement procedure is used to discover new unrelated classification tasks and the associated labels that can be exploited with the principal task in any Multi-Task Learning (MTL) model. The disentanglement procedure works at a representation level, isolating a subspace related to the principal task, plus an arbitrary number of orthogonal subspaces. In the most disentangled subspaces, through a clustering procedure, we generate the additional classification tasks, and the associated labels become their representatives. Subsequently, the original data, the labels associated with the principal task, and the newly discovered ones can be fed into any MTL framework. Extensive validation on both synthetic and real data, along with various ablation studies, demonstrate promising results, revealing the potential in what has been, so far, an unexplored connection between learning disentangled representations and MTL. The code will be made publicly available upon acceptance., Comment: Under review in Pattern Recognition Letters

Published
2023

10. A Machine Learning-oriented Survey on Tiny Machine Learning

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Cunico, Federico, Cheng, Dong Seon, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The emergence of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has positively revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence by promoting the joint design of resource-constrained IoT hardware devices and their learning-based software architectures. TinyML carries an essential role within the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions in helping societies, economies, and individuals employ effective AI-infused computing technologies (e.g., smart cities, automotive, and medical robotics). Given its multidisciplinary nature, the field of TinyML has been approached from many different angles: this comprehensive survey wishes to provide an up-to-date overview focused on all the learning algorithms within TinyML-based solutions. The survey is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodological flow, allowing for a systematic and complete literature survey. In particular, firstly we will examine the three different workflows for implementing a TinyML-based system, i.e., ML-oriented, HW-oriented, and co-design. Secondly, we propose a taxonomy that covers the learning panorama under the TinyML lens, examining in detail the different families of model optimization and design, as well as the state-of-the-art learning techniques. Thirdly, this survey will present the distinct features of hardware devices and software tools that represent the current state-of-the-art for TinyML intelligent edge applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions., Comment: Article currently under review at IEEE Access

Published
2023

11. Potentiation of cortico-spinal output via targeted electrical stimulation of the motor thalamus

Author

Jonathan C. Ho, Erinn M. Grigsby, Arianna Damiani, Lucy Liang, Josep-Maria Balaguer, Sridula Kallakuri, Lilly W. Tang, Jessica Barrios-Martinez, Vahagn Karapetyan, Daryl Fields, Peter C. Gerszten, T. Kevin Hitchens, Theodora Constantine, Gregory M. Adams, Donald J. Crammond, Marco Capogrosso, Jorge A. Gonzalez-Martinez, and Elvira Pirondini

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Cerebral white matter lesions prevent cortico-spinal descending inputs from effectively activating spinal motoneurons, leading to loss of motor control. However, in most cases, the damage to cortico-spinal axons is incomplete offering a potential target for therapies aimed at improving volitional muscle activation. Here we hypothesize that, by engaging direct excitatory connections to cortico-spinal motoneurons, stimulation of the motor thalamus could facilitate activation of surviving cortico-spinal fibers thereby immediately potentiating motor output. To test this hypothesis, we identify optimal thalamic targets and stimulation parameters that enhance upper-limb motor-evoked potentials and grip forces in anesthetized monkeys. This potentiation persists after white matter lesions. We replicate these results in humans during intra-operative testing. We then design a stimulation protocol that immediately improves strength and force control in a patient with a chronic white matter lesion. Our results show that electrical stimulation targeting surviving neural pathways can improve motor control after white matter lesions.

Published
2024
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12. Neuro-symbolic Empowered Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Real-time Anomaly Detection in Industry 4.0

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Mascolini, Alessio, Girella, Federico, Skenderi, Geri, Gaiardelli, Sebastiano, Dall'Ora, Nicola, Ponzio, Francesco, Fraccaroli, Enrico, Di Cataldo, Santa, Vinco, Sara, Macii, Enrico, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Industry 4.0 involves the integration of digital technologies, such as IoT, Big Data, and AI, into manufacturing and industrial processes to increase efficiency and productivity. As these technologies become more interconnected and interdependent, Industry 4.0 systems become more complex, which brings the difficulty of identifying and stopping anomalies that may cause disturbances in the manufacturing process. This paper aims to propose a diffusion-based model for real-time anomaly prediction in Industry 4.0 processes. Using a neuro-symbolic approach, we integrate industrial ontologies in the model, thereby adding formal knowledge on smart manufacturing. Finally, we propose a simple yet effective way of distilling diffusion models through Random Fourier Features for deployment on an embedded system for direct integration into the manufacturing process. To the best of our knowledge, this approach has never been explored before., Comment: Accepted at the 26th Forum on specification and Design Languages (FDL 2023)

Published
2023

13. Potentiation of cortico-spinal output via targeted electrical stimulation of the motor thalamus

Author

Ho, Jonathan C., Grigsby, Erinn M., Damiani, Arianna, Liang, Lucy, Balaguer, Josep-Maria, Kallakuri, Sridula, Tang, Lilly W., Barrios-Martinez, Jessica, Karapetyan, Vahagn, Fields, Daryl, Gerszten, Peter C., Hitchens, T. Kevin, Constantine, Theodora, Adams, Gregory M., Crammond, Donald J., Capogrosso, Marco, Gonzalez-Martinez, Jorge A., and Pirondini, Elvira

Published
2024
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15. Conservative and medical treatments of non-sickle cell disease-related ischemic priapism: a systematic review by the EAU Sexual and Reproductive Health Panel

Author

Capogrosso, Paolo, Dimitropolous, Kostas, Russo, Giorgio Ivan, Tharakan, Tharu, Milenkovic, Uros, Cocci, Andrea, Boeri, Luca, Gül, Murat, Bettocchi, Carlo, Carvalho, Joana, Kalkanlı, Arif, Corona, Giovanni, Hatzichristodoulou, Georgios, Jones, Hugh T., Kadioglu, Ates, Martinez-Salamanca, Juan Ignacio, Modgil, Vaibhav, Serefoglu, Ege Can, Verze, Paolo, Salonia, Andrea, and Minhas, Suks

Published
2024
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16. Surgical and minimally invasive treatment of ischaemic and non-ischaemic priapism: a systematic review by the EAU Sexual and Reproductive Health Guidelines panel

Author

Milenkovic, U., Cocci, A., Veeratterapillay, R., Dimitropoulos, K., Boeri, L., Capogrosso, P., Cilesiz, N. C., Gul, M., Hatzichristodoulou, G., Modgil, V., Russo, G. I., Tharakan, T., Omar, M. I., Bettocchi, C., Carvalho, J., Yuhong, Y., Corona, G., Jones, H., Kadioglu, A., Martinez-Salamanca, J. I., Verze, P., Serefoglu, E. C., Minhas, S., and Salonia, A.

Published
2024
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18. HermesBDD: A Multi-Core and Multi-Platform Binary Decision Diagram Package

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Geretti, Luca, Cristani, Marco, Fummi, Franco, and Villa, Tiziano

Subjects
Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Abstract

BDDs are representations of a Boolean expression in the form of a directed acyclic graph. BDDs are widely used in several fields, particularly in model checking and hardware verification. There are several implementations for BDD manipulation, where each package differs depending on the application. This paper presents HermesBDD: a novel multi-core and multi-platform binary decision diagram package focused on high performance and usability. HermesBDD supports a static and dynamic memory management mechanism, the possibility to exploit lock-free hash tables, and a simple parallel implementation of the If-Then-Else procedure based on a higher-level wrapper for threads and futures. HermesBDD is completely written in C++ with no need to rely on external libraries and is developed according to software engineering principles for reliability and easy maintenance over time. We provide experimental results on the n-Queens problem, the de-facto SAT solver benchmark for BDDs, demonstrating a significant speedup of 18.73x over our non-parallel baselines, and a remarkable performance boost w.r.t. other state-of-the-art BDDs packages., Comment: 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)

Published
2023

19. Split-Et-Impera: A Framework for the Design of Distributed Deep Learning Applications

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Cunico, Federico, Lora, Michele, Cristani, Marco, Fummi, Franco, and Quaglia, Davide

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Many recent pattern recognition applications rely on complex distributed architectures in which sensing and computational nodes interact together through a communication network. Deep neural networks (DNNs) play an important role in this scenario, furnishing powerful decision mechanisms, at the price of a high computational effort. Consequently, powerful state-of-the-art DNNs are frequently split over various computational nodes, e.g., a first part stays on an embedded device and the rest on a server. Deciding where to split a DNN is a challenge in itself, making the design of deep learning applications even more complicated. Therefore, we propose Split-Et-Impera, a novel and practical framework that i) determines the set of the best-split points of a neural network based on deep network interpretability principles without performing a tedious try-and-test approach, ii) performs a communication-aware simulation for the rapid evaluation of different neural network rearrangements, and iii) suggests the best match between the quality of service requirements of the application and the performance in terms of accuracy and latency time., Comment: 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)

Published
2023

20. Effects of Physical Activity on Fertility Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Arturo Lo Giudice, Maria Giovanna Asmundo, Sebastiano Cimino, Giuseppe Morgia, Andrea Cocci, Marco Falcone, Ioannis Sokolakis, Paolo Capogrosso, Afonso Morgado, and Giorgio Ivan Russo

Subjects
exercise, fertility, oligospermia, reproductive techniques, semen analysis, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Purpose: Augmented adiposity may negatively impact sexual sphere through its metabolic effects and its detrimental impact on reproductive hormones. Moreover, a dysregulated metabolic pathway may promote apoptosis among spermatogenic cells. Based on these premises, a relation between weights loss and ameliorate semen parameters seems beneficial. To investigate if physical activity may affect semen parameters and fertility rate, a systematic literature search on major dataset has been performed. Materials and Methods: The search terms included: “Assisted reproduction therapies,” “fertility,” “semen parameters,” “sperm parameters,” and “physical activity.” This analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines and it was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023384471). A total of 47 studies have been identified; 1 reference has been eliminated after duplication check. After preliminary screening 32 papers have been excluded. Considering the exclusion criteria, 15 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility. After a full-text review, six studies published during a span of eight years (2014–2022) have been included in the meta-analysis. Semen parameters, pregnancy and birth rates were investigated. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (Rob2) has been used to check the risk of bias. Results: The number of patients enrolled in studies ranges from 17 to 521; in the end, a total of 1,637 patients have been enrolled in the study. Fertility parameters investigated were semen quality parameters and pregnancy rates and live births. A statistically significant relationship between physical exercise and sperm concentration (p=0.02), total sperm motility (p

Published
2024
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21. Quantum phases of lattice dipolar bosons coupled to a high-finesse cavity

Author

Hebib, Yaghmorassene, Zhang, Chao, Yang, Jin, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Two types of long range interactions, dipolar interaction and cavity-mediated interaction lead to exotic quantum phases. Both interactions have been realized and observed in optical lattice setups. Here, we study quantum phases of dipolar bosons trapped in optical lattices and coupled to a high-finesse cavity where both dipolar interaction and cavity-mediated interaction coexist. We perform quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and find that the checkerboard solid is enhanced and the checkerboard supersolid phase can exist in a wide range of densities (e.g. $ 0.27\lesssim n\lesssim0.73 $). Our unbiased numerical results suggest that both solid and supersolid phases can be achieved experimentally with magnetic atoms coupled to a cavity., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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22. Toward Smart Doors: A Position Paper

Author

Capogrosso, Luigi, Skenderi, Geri, Girella, Federico, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Conventional automatic doors cannot distinguish between people wishing to pass through the door and people passing by the door, so they often open unnecessarily. This leads to the need to adopt new systems in both commercial and non-commercial environments: smart doors. In particular, a smart door system predicts the intention of people near the door based on the social context of the surrounding environment and then makes rational decisions about whether or not to open the door. This work proposes the first position paper related to smart doors, without bells and whistles. We first point out that the problem not only concerns reliability, climate control, safety, and mode of operation. Indeed, a system to predict the intention of people near the door also involves a deeper understanding of the social context of the scene through a complex combined analysis of proxemics and scene reasoning. Furthermore, we conduct an exhaustive literature review about automatic doors, providing a novel system formulation. Also, we present an analysis of the possible future application of smart doors, a description of the ethical shortcomings, and legislative issues., Comment: 2nd International Workshop on Industrial Machine Learning @ ICPR 2022

Published
2022

23. I-SPLIT: Deep Network Interpretability for Split Computing

Author

Cunico, Federico, Capogrosso, Luigi, Setti, Francesco, Carra, Damiano, Fummi, Franco, and Cristani, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

This work makes a substantial step in the field of split computing, i.e., how to split a deep neural network to host its early part on an embedded device and the rest on a server. So far, potential split locations have been identified exploiting uniquely architectural aspects, i.e., based on the layer sizes. Under this paradigm, the efficacy of the split in terms of accuracy can be evaluated only after having performed the split and retrained the entire pipeline, making an exhaustive evaluation of all the plausible splitting points prohibitive in terms of time. Here we show that not only the architecture of the layers does matter, but the importance of the neurons contained therein too. A neuron is important if its gradient with respect to the correct class decision is high. It follows that a split should be applied right after a layer with a high density of important neurons, in order to preserve the information flowing until then. Upon this idea, we propose Interpretable Split (I-SPLIT): a procedure that identifies the most suitable splitting points by providing a reliable prediction on how well this split will perform in terms of classification accuracy, beforehand of its effective implementation. As a further major contribution of I-SPLIT, we show that the best choice for the splitting point on a multiclass categorization problem depends also on which specific classes the network has to deal with. Exhaustive experiments have been carried out on two networks, VGG16 and ResNet-50, and three datasets, Tiny-Imagenet-200, notMNIST, and Chest X-Ray Pneumonia. The source code is available at https://github.com/vips4/I-Split., Comment: ICPR 2022

Published
2022
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26. A spinal cord neuroprosthesis for locomotor deficits due to Parkinson’s disease

Author

Milekovic, Tomislav, Moraud, Eduardo Martin, Macellari, Nicolo, Moerman, Charlotte, Raschellà, Flavio, Sun, Shiqi, Perich, Matthew G., Varescon, Camille, Demesmaeker, Robin, Bruel, Alice, Bole-Feysot, Léa N., Schiavone, Giuseppe, Pirondini, Elvira, YunLong, Cheng, Hao, Li, Galvez, Andrea, Hernandez-Charpak, Sergio Daniel, Dumont, Gregory, Ravier, Jimmy, Le Goff-Mignardot, Camille G., Mignardot, Jean-Baptiste, Carparelli, Gaia, Harte, Cathal, Hankov, Nicolas, Aureli, Viviana, Watrin, Anne, Lambert, Hendrik, Borton, David, Laurens, Jean, Vollenweider, Isabelle, Borgognon, Simon, Bourre, François, Goillandeau, Michel, Ko, Wai Kin D., Petit, Laurent, Li, Qin, Buschman, Rik, Buse, Nicholas, Yaroshinsky, Maria, Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste, Becce, Fabio, Jimenez, Mayté Castro, Bally, Julien F., Denison, Timothy, Guehl, Dominique, Ijspeert, Auke, Capogrosso, Marco, Squair, Jordan W., Asboth, Leonie, Starr, Philip A., Wang, Doris D., Lacour, Stéphanie P., Micera, Silvestro, Qin, Chuan, Bloch, Jocelyne, Bezard, Erwan, and Courtine, G.

Published
2023
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27. Low Birth Weight is Associated with Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes in Primary Infertile Men: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Luca Boeri, Federico Belladelli, Edoardo Pozzi, Luca Pagliardini, Giuseppe Fallara, Simone Cilio, Luigi Candela, Christian Corsini, Massimiliano Raffo, Paolo Capogrosso, Alessia D’Arma, Francesco Montorsi, and Andrea Salonia

Subjects
infant, low birth weight, infertility, reproductive techniques, assisted, semen analysis, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the relationship between clinical and semen characteristics and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes with different birth weight (BW) categories in a cohort of infertile men. Materials and Methods: Data from 1,063 infertile men were analyzed. Patients with BW ≤2,500, 2,500–4,000, and ≥4,000 g were considered as having low BW (LBW), normal BW (NBW), and high BW (HBW), respectively. Testicular volume (TV) was assessed with a Prader orchidometer. Serum hormones were measured in all cases. Semen analyses were categorized based on 2021 World Health Organization reference criteria. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was tested in every patient and considered pathological for SDF >30%. ART outcomes were available for 282 (26.5%) patients. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses detailed the association between semen parameters and clinical characteristics and the defined BW categories. Results: Of all, LBW, NBW, and HBW categories were found in 79 (7.5%), 807 (76.0%), and 177 (16.5%) men, respectively. LBW men had smaller TV, presented higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but lower total testosterone levels compared to other groups (all p30% (odd ratio [OR] 3.7; p30% (OR 2.9; p

Published
2024
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28. Superconducting transition temperature of the Bose one-component plasma

Author

Zhang, Chao, Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara, Boninsegni, Massimo, Prokof'ev, Nikolay V., and Svistunov, Boris V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We present results of first principle numerical simulations of the Bose one-component plasma, i.e., a Bose gas with pairwise Coulomb interactions among particles and a uniform neutralizing background. We compute the superconducting transition temperature for a wide range of densities, in two and three dimensions, for both continuous and lattice versions of the model. Our results are of direct relevance to quantitative studies of bipolaron mechanisms of (high-temperature) superconductivity., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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29. Effects of long and short ejaculatory abstinence on sperm parameters: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Author

Arturo Lo Giudice, Maria Giovanna Asmundo, Sebastiano Cimino, Andrea Cocci, Marco Falcone, Marco Capece, Ali Saber Abdelhameed, Paolo Capogrosso, Afonso Morgado, Georgios Tsampoukas, Celeste Manfredi, and Giorgio Ivan Russo

Subjects
semen parameters, sperm parameters, ejaculatory abstinence, sexual abstinence, DNA fragmentation, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effects of ejaculatory abstinence on sperm parameters.MethodsThis analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023472124). We performed a search on PubMed using the following text terms: ((“sperm parameters” OR “sperm analysis” [Mesh]) AND (“sperm DNA fragmentation” OR “DNA fragmentation” [Mesh]) AND (“sexual abstinence” [Mesh] OR “abstinence”)) and an advanced search in Scopus using the terms (“sperm parameters” OR “sperm parameters” OR “DNA fragmentation”) AND (“abstinence”). The sperm parameters that were investigated were sperm volume, total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). A two-day cut-off as a “short” or “long” abstinence period has been defined.ResultsThirteen studies published between 2013 and 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 2,315 patients, ranging from 6 to 836 from each cohort, were enrolled in the study. We showed that longer abstinence time was associated with greater sperm concentration (mean difference [MD]: 8.19; p

Published
2024
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30. A Machine Learning-Oriented Survey on Tiny Machine Learning

Author

Luigi Capogrosso, Federico Cunico, Dong Seon Cheng, Franco Fummi, and Marco Cristani

Subjects
TinyML, edge intelligence, efficient deep learning, embedded systems, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The emergence of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has positively revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence by promoting the joint design of resource-constrained IoT hardware devices and their learning-based software architectures. TinyML carries an essential role within the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions in helping societies, economies, and individuals employ effective AI-infused computing technologies (e.g., smart cities, automotive, and medical robotics). Given its multidisciplinary nature, the field of TinyML has been approached from many different angles: this comprehensive survey wishes to provide an up-to-date overview focused on all the learning algorithms within TinyML-based solutions. The survey is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodological flow, allowing for a systematic and complete literature survey. In particular, firstly, we will examine the three different workflows for implementing a TinyML-based system, i.e., ML-oriented, HW-oriented, and co-design. Secondly, we propose a taxonomy that covers the learning panorama under the TinyML lens, examining in detail the different families of model optimization and design, as well as the state-of-the-art learning techniques. Thirdly, this survey will present the distinct features of hardware devices and software tools that represent the current state-of-the-art for TinyML intelligent edge applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions.

Published
2024
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31. Supersolid phases of lattice dipoles tilted in three-dimensions

Author

Zhang, Jin, Zhang, Chao, Yang, Jin, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

By means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations we study phase diagrams of dipolar bosons in a square optical lattice. The dipoles in the system are parallel to each other and their orientation can be fixed in any direction of the three-dimensional space. Starting from experimentally tunable parameters like scattering length and dipolar interaction strength, we derive the parameters entering the effective Hamiltonian. Depending on the direction of the dipoles, various types of supersolids (e.g. checkerboard, stripe) and solids (checkerboard, stripe, diagonal stripe, and an incompressible phase) can be stabilized. Remarkably, we find a cluster supersolid characterized by the formation of horizontal clusters of particles. These clusters order along a direction at an angle with the horizontal. Moreover, we find what we call a grain-boundary superfluid. In this phase, regions with solid order are separated by extended defects -- grain boundaries -- which support superfluidity. We also investigate the robustness of the stripe supersolid against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we comment on the experimental realization of the phases found.

Published
2022
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33. Are finasteride-related penile curvature/Peyronie’s disease Adverse Event Reports worthy of further clinical investigation? Disproportionality analysis based on both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) pharmacovigilance databases

Author

Schifano, Nicolò, Capogrosso, Paolo, Boeri, Luca, Fallara, Giuseppe, Chiappini, Stefania, Rewhorn, Matthew, Cakir, Omer Onur, Harvey, Hannah, Castiglione, Fabio, Alnajjar, Hussain M., Muneer, Asif, Deho’, Federico, Schifano, Fabrizio, Montorsi, Francesco, and Salonia, Andrea

Published
2023
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34. Impact of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on cannabis use in adolescents: A structural equation modelling approach to data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015–2019

Author

G. Carrà, F. Bartoli, A. Canestro, C. A. Capogrosso, P. E. Bebbington, and C. Crocamo

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Introduction Religiosity is believed to be a factor that may reduce the risk of addiction and substance use both in adults and in young people. It is a complex construct that is neither measurable nor objectifiable, thus it must be estimated from proxy characteristics. For this purpose, researchers differentiate between subjective religiosity (i.e., individual religious experience) and extrinsic religiosity, that is, participation to religious services (extrinsic-personal subtype) or to social activities consistent with religion-based principles (extrinsic-social subtype). Objectives This work aimed at exploring the role of different facets of religiosity – intrinsic (subjective), extrinsic-personal (service attendance), and extrinsic-social (church-based social activities) – in terms of deterring cannabis use among adolescents. Methods Aggregated data of NSDUH (2015-2019) on 68,263 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were analysed using a structural equation modelling (SEM) to determine pathways of intrinsic and extrinsic components of religiosity in cannabis use. Several covariates were considered in the analyses, including comorbid depression and civil volunteering activities. Results About 15% of participants admitted cannabis use in the previous year. Intrinsic and extrinsic-personal religiosity was reported by 66% and 25% of the sample, respectively. A percentage of fifty-seven of participants were involved in at least one faith-based activity, while 74% reported participation in secular community activities. Both intrinsic and extrinsic-personal religious components were likely to reduce cannabis use at the SEM regression model analysis controlling for putative confounders (cannabis use coeff.: -0.065, p=0.001; coeff.: -0.176, p

Published
2024
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35. University students’ perspectives towards digital mental health: a qualitative analysis of interviews from the cross-country ‘CAMPUS study’

Author

I. Riboldi, A. Calabrese, S. Piacenti, C. A. Capogrosso, S. Lucini Paioni, F. Bartoli, G. Carrà, J. Armes, C. Taylor, and C. Crocamo

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Introduction Poor mental health of university students is a growing concern for public health. Indeed, academic settings may exacerbate students’ vulnerability to mental health issues. Nonetheless, university students are often unable to seek mental health support due to barriers, at both individual and organisational level. Digital technologies are proved to be effective in collecting health-related information and in managing psychological distress, representing useful instruments to tackle mental health needs, especially considering their accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Objectives Although digital tools are recognised to be useful for mental health support, university students’ opinions and experiences related to such interventions are still to be explored. In this qualitative research, we aimed to address this gap in the scientific literature. Methods Data were drawn from “the CAMPUS study”, which longitudinally assesses students’ mental health at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) and the University of Surrey (United Kingdom). We performed detailed interviews and analysed the main themes of the transcripts. We also performed a cross-cultural comparison between Italy and the United Kingdom. Results Across 33 interviews, five themes were identified, and an explanatory model was developed. From the students’ perspective, social media, podcasts, and apps could be sources of significant mental health content. On the one hand, students recognised wide availability and anonymity as advantages that make digital technologies suitable for primary to tertiary prevention, to reduce mental health stigma, and as an extension of face-to-face interventions. On the other hand, perceived disadvantages were lower efficacy compared to in-person approaches, lack of personalisation, and difficulties in engagement. Students’ opinions and perspectives could be widely influenced by cultural and individual background. Conclusions Digital tools may be an effective option to address mental health needs of university students. Since face-to-face contact remains essential, digital interventions should be integrated with in-person ones, in order to offer a multi-modal approach to mental well-being. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Published
2024
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36. Tolerability of vortioxetine compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in older adults with major depressive disorder (VESPA): a randomised, assessor-blinded and statistician-blinded, multicentre, superiority trialResearch in context

Author

Giovanni Ostuzzi, Chiara Gastaldon, Mauro Tettamanti, Massimo Cartabia, Igor Monti, Andrea Aguglia, Eugenio Aguglia, Francesco Bartoli, Camilla Callegari, Andrea Canozzi, Elvira Anna Carbone, Giuseppe Carrà, Rosangela Caruso, Simone Cavallotti, Stefania Chiappini, Fabrizio Colasante, Beatrice Compri, Armando D'Agostino, Pasquale De Fazio, Renato de Filippis, Matteo Gari, Marta Ielmini, Gianmarco Ingrosso, Silvia Mammarella, Giovanni Martinotti, Alessandro Rodolico, Rita Roncone, Enrico Sterzi, Lorenzo Tarsitani, Elisa Tiberto, Liliana Todini, Francesco Amaddeo, Barbara D'Avanzo, Angelo Barbato, Corrado Barbui, Maria Chiara Alessi, Gabriele Avincola, Bianca Bachi, Gianna Bernasconi, Andrea Birgillito, Emanuele Bisso, Stefano Bonora, Angela Calabrese, Tommaso Callovini, Aurelia Canestro, Salvo Canonico, Chiara Alessandro Capogrosso, Elvira Carbone, Doriana Carosielli, Ivano Caselli, Daniele Cavaleri, Clara Cavallotto, Marco Cesca, Cecilia Chiarenza, Riccardo Matteo Cioni, Sara Coloccini, Marco Cruciata, Claudia Cumerlato, Renato De Filippis, Manuela De Palma, Sasha Del Vecchio, Bianca Della Rocca, Chiara Di Natale, Ettore D'Onofrio, Irene Espa, Giulia Fior, Marta Gancitano, Barbara Giordano, Laura Giusti, Luigi Grassi, Pierluca Guzzi, Celeste Isella, Annamaria Lax, Leonardo Marano, Federico Marconi, Marco Marella, Alessia Metelli, Giulia Michencig, Andrea Miuli, Alessandro Moncada, Pietro Morello, Federico Moretti, Marco Morreale, Alessio Mosca, Christian Nasti, Michela Nosé, Filippo Ogheri, Margherita Oresti, Alessandra Ornaghi, Dario Palpella, Corinna Pancheri, Davide Papola, Silvia Passeri, Mauro Pettorusso, Susanna Piacenti, Irene Pinucci, Valentina Pugliese, Marianna Purgato, Marianna Rania, Federica Robbi, Samantha Romito, Barbara Ronchi, Valentina Roselli, Cristina Segura-Garcia, Maria Salvina Signorelli, Gabriele Simonelli, Antonella Sociali, Serena Sturiale, Antonio Tambelli, Beatrice Todesco, Alice Trabucco, Giulia Turrini, Veronica Villa, Federico Wiedenmann, Luca Zambuto, Elisa Zanini, Chiara Zannini, and Luigi Zerbinati

Subjects
Older adults, Major depressive disorder, Vortioxetine, Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, Tolerability, Adverse events, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and disabling among older adults. Standing on its tolerability profile, vortioxetine might be a promising alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in such a vulnerable population. Methods: We conducted a randomised, assessor- and statistician-blinded, superiority trial including older adults with MDD. The study was conducted between 02/02/2019 and 02/22/2023 in 11 Italian Psychiatric Services. Participants were randomised to vortioxetine or one of the SSRIs, selected according to common practice. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events after six months was the primary outcome, for which we aimed to detect a 12% difference in favour of vortioxetine. The study was registered in the online repository clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03779789). Findings: The intention-to-treat population included 179 individuals randomised to vortioxetine and 178 to SSRIs. Mean age was 73.7 years (standard deviation 6.1), and 264 participants (69%) were female. Of those on vortioxetine, 78 (44%) discontinued the treatment due to adverse events at six months, compared to 59 (33%) of those on SSRIs (odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.39). Adjusted and per-protocol analyses confirmed point estimates in favour of SSRIs, but without a significant difference. With the exception of the unadjusted survival analysis showing SSRIs to outperform vortioxetine, secondary outcomes provided results consistent with a lack of substantial safety and tolerability differences between the two arms. Overall, no significant differences emerged in terms of response rates, depressive symptoms and quality of life, while SSRIs outperformed vortioxetine in terms of cognitive performance. Interpretation: As opposed to what was previously hypothesised, vortioxetine did not show a better tolerability profile compared to SSRIs in older adults with MDD in this study. Additionally, hypothetical advantages of vortioxetine on depression-related cognitive symptoms might be questioned. The study's statistical power and highly pragmatic design allow for generalisability to real-world practice. Funding: The study was funded by the Italian Medicines Agency within the “2016 Call for Independent Drug Research”.

Published
2024
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37. Neural population dynamics reveals disruption of spinal circuits’ responses to proprioceptive input during electrical stimulation of sensory afferents

Author

Natalija Katic Secerovic, Josep-Maria Balaguer, Oleg Gorskii, Natalia Pavlova, Lucy Liang, Jonathan Ho, Erinn Grigsby, Peter C. Gerszten, Dzhina Karal-ogly, Dmitry Bulgin, Sergei Orlov, Elvira Pirondini, Pavel Musienko, Stanisa Raspopovic, and Marco Capogrosso

Subjects
CP: Neuroscience, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: While neurostimulation technologies are rapidly approaching clinical applications for sensorimotor disorders, the impact of electrical stimulation on network dynamics is still unknown. Given the high degree of shared processing in neural structures, it is critical to understand if neurostimulation affects functions that are related to, but not targeted by, the intervention. Here, we approach this question by studying the effects of electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents on unrelated processing of proprioceptive inputs. We recorded intraspinal neural activity in four monkeys while generating proprioceptive inputs from the radial nerve. We then applied continuous stimulation to the radial nerve cutaneous branch and quantified the impact of the stimulation on spinal processing of proprioceptive inputs via neural population dynamics. Proprioceptive pulses consistently produce neural trajectories that are disrupted by concurrent cutaneous stimulation. This disruption propagates to the somatosensory cortex, suggesting that electrical stimulation can perturb natural information processing across the neural axis.

Published
2024
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38. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Urological Diseases: A Narrative Review

Author

Andrea Coppola, Luigi Tessitore, Federico Fontana, Filippo Piacentino, Chiara Recaldini, Manuela Minenna, Paolo Capogrosso, Roberto Minici, Domenico Laganà, Anna Maria Ierardi, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Fabio D’Angelo, Giulio Carcano, Laura Maria Cacioppa, Federico Dehò, and Massimo Venturini

Subjects
kidney neoplasms, urinary bladder neoplasms, ureteral neoplasms, polycystic kidney diseases, urinary tract stones, lymph node metastasis, Medicine
Abstract

Dual-Energy computed tomography (DECT) with its various advanced techniques, including Virtual Non-Contrast (VNC), effective atomic number (Z-eff) calculation, Z-maps, Iodine Density Index (IDI), and so on, holds great promise in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tumours. In this narrative review, we analyze the current status of knowledge of this technology to provide better lesion characterization, improve the staging accuracy, and give more precise treatment response assessments in relation to urological tumours.

Published
2024
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40. The Complex Interplay between Serum Testosterone and the Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence

Author

Riccardo Leni, Federico Belladelli, Sara Baldini, Fabrizio Ildefonso Scroppo, Emanuele Zaffuto, Gabriele Antonini, Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Salonia, Giulio Carcano, Paolo Capogrosso, and Federico Dehò

Subjects
covid-19, covid-19 pandemic, fertility, sars-cov-2, testosterone, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, efforts in defining risk factors and associations between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical, and molecular features have initiated. After three years of pandemic, it became evident that men have higher risk of adverse outcomes. Such evidence provided the impetus for defining the biological fundaments of such a gender disparity. Our objective was to analyze the most recent literature with the aim of defining the relationship between COVID-19 and fertility, in particular, we assessed the interplay between SARSCoV- 2 and testosterone in a systematic review of literature from December 2019 (first evidence of a novel coronavirus in the Hubei province) until March 2022. As a fundamental basis for understanding, articles pertaining preclinical aspects explaining the gender disparity (n=9) were included. The main review categories analyzed the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to testosterone levels (n=5), the impact of serum testosterone on outcomes of COVID-19 (n=23), and the impact SARSCoV- 2 on testosterone levels after infection (n=19). Preclinical studies mainly evaluated the relation between angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its androgen-mediated regulation, articles exploring the risk of COVID-19 according to testosterone levels were few. Although most publications evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on fertility found low testosterone levels after the infection, follow-up was short, with some also suggesting no alterations during recovery. More conclusive findings were observed in men with low testosterone levels, that were generally at higher risk of experiencing worse outcomes (i.e., admission to intensive care units, longer hospitalization, and death). Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed in women, where higher levels of testosterone were associated to worse outcomes. Our finding may provide meaningful insights to better patient counselling and individualization of care pathways in men with testosterone levels suggesting hypogonadism.

Published
2023
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41. Risk and benefits of penile length preservation techniques during penile prosthesis implantation: a systematic review by the young academic urologists sexual and reproductive health working group

Author

Marco Falcone, Mirko Preto, Afonso Ribeiro Morgado, Ioannis Sokolakis, Selçuk Sarıkaya, Marco Capece, Paolo Capogrosso, Celeste Manfredi, Georgios Tsampoukas, and Giorgio Russo

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Background: Penile shortening, frequently resulting from end-stage Peyronie’s disease (PD), has a negative impact on patients’ sexual activity and overall quality of life, especially when accompanied by Erectile dysfunction (ED). Various surgical techniques have been described to manage concomitant ED and penile shortening through penile prosthesis (PP) implantation. Objectives: To evaluate the benefits and risks of different penile length preservation techniques during PP implantation. Design: A systematic review of the available literature on the use of penile length preservation maneuvers in conjunction with PP implantation was conducted. Data sources and methods: For this systematic review, three databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane) and clinical trial.gov were queried for relevant publications from 1 January 1990 to 1 September 2022. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: The qualitative analysis included 15 relevant articles involving 1186 adult patients who underwent penile length preservation techniques during PP implantation. Penile lengthening of 1–7 cm was reported. Overall, postoperative complications were described in up to 21.7% of cases. Only five studies reported functional outcomes, showing a significant improvement in postoperative period based on the administered questionnaire (e.g. IIEF – International Index of Erectile Function, EDITS – Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction). Conclusion: Penile length preservation procedures appear to offer a viable option for managing acquired penile shortening, particularly in cases of PD. However, they are associated with a significant risk of complications. Proper patient selection, thorough discussion of risks and benefits, and referral to high-volume centers are mandatory to achieve optimal outcomes and minimizing complications. Trial registration: PROSPERO database registration CRD42022360758.

Published
2024
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42. Ground states of 2D tilted dipolar bosons with density-induced hopping

Author

Zhang, Chao, Zhang, Jin, Yang, Jin, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Motivated by recent experiments with ultracold magnetic atoms trapped in optical lattices where the orientation of atomic dipoles can be fully controlled by external fields, we study the ground state properties of dipolar bosons trapped in a two-dimensional lattice with density-induced hopping and where the dipoles are tilted along the $xz$ plane. We present ground state phase diagrams of the above system at different tilt angles. We find that, as the dipolar interaction increases, the superfluid phase at half filling factor is destroyed in favor of either a checkerboard or stripe solid phase for tilt angle $\theta \lesssim 35.3^{\circ}$ or $\theta \gtrsim 35.3^{\circ}$ respectively. More interesting physics happens at tilt angles $\theta \gtrsim 58^{\circ}$, where we find that, as the dipolar interaction strength increases, solid phases first appear at filling factor lower than $0.5$. Moreover, unlike what observed at lower tilt angles, we find that, at half filling, a stripe supersolid intervenes between the superfluid and stripe solid phase., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2020
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43. Permutation cycles of hardcore Bose-Hubbard models on square and Kagome lattices

Author

Shpani, Liana, Lingua, Fabio, Wang, Wei, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In this paper, we study the statistics of permutation cycles of ground-state hardcore lattice bosons described by various two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard-type models on both square and Kagome lattices. We find that it is possible to differentiate quantum phases by the statistics of permutations cycles. Indeed, features in the permutation cycles statistics can be used to uniquely identify certain insulating phases, and are consistent with local resonances of occupation numbers in the ground-state expansion of the phase. We also confirm that suitable quantities derived from the probability distribution of the length of permutation cycles can be used to detect superfluid to insulator phase transitions., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures. The study of phase transitions and permutation cycles originally part of manuscript arXiv:1905.07454v1 (version 1) has been moved to this manuscript while the discussion of topological signatures of multipartite entanglement in the ground-state expansion has been further developed in version 2 of manuscript arXiv:1905.07454v2

Published
2019
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44. Is There a Relevant Clinical Impact in Differentiating Idiopathic versus Unexplained Male Infertility?

Author

Christian Corsini, Luca Boeri, Luigi Candela, Edoardo Pozzi, Federico Belladelli, Paolo Capogrosso, Giuseppe Fallara, Nicolò Schifano, Daniele Cignoli, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Alessia D’Arma, Massimo Alfano, Francesco Montorsi, and Andrea Salonia

Subjects
andrology, infertility, infertility etiology, testis abnormalities, vitamin d, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Purpose: Overall, male factor infertility (MFI) accounts for up to 50% of etiologies of couple’s infertility, with almost 30% of MFI cases being idiopathic in nature. Idiopathic MFI does not support a tailored treatment work-up in clinical practice. To investigate rates of and characteristics of men presenting for idiopathic versus unexplained primary infertility as compared with same-ethnicity, age-comparable fertile men. Materials and Methods: Demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 3,098 primary infertile men consecutively evaluated were analyzed and compared with those of 103 fertile controls. Idiopathic male infertility (IMI) was defined for abnormality at semen analysis with no previous history of diseases affecting fertility and normal findings on physical examination and genetic and laboratory testing. Unexplained male infertility (UMI) was defined as infertility of unknown origin with completely normal findings at semen analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between clinical variables and idiopathic infertility status. Results: Overall, 570 (18.5%) and 154 (5.0%) patients depicted criteria suggestive for either IMI or UMI, respectively. Groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, CCI, recreational habits, hormonal milieu, and sperm DNA fragmentation indexes. Conversely, testicular volume was lower in IMI (p

Published
2023
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45. Does Air Pollution Impact on Semen Parameters? Findings from a Real-Life, Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Infertile Men

Author

Federico Belladelli, Christian Corsini, Edoardo Pozzi, Massimiliano Raffo, Giuseppe Fallara, Antonio Costa, Daniele Cignoli, Luca Boeri, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Paolo Capogrosso, Michael L. Eisenberg, Francesco Montorsi, and Andrea Salonia

Subjects
air pollution, infertility, risk factors, semen analysis, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Purpose: In industrialized countries, air pollutants levels have been monitored closely for environmental and research issues. Using Italian data, we aimed to investigate the association between air pollutants levels and semen parameters in a cohort of non-Finnish white-European men presenting for couple’s infertility. Materials and Methods: Complete demographic and laboratory data from 1,152 infertile men consecutively assessed between January 2015 and January 2018 were analyzed. Semen analyses were based on the 2010 World Health Organization reference criteria. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). We analyzed the annual average level of the three main markers of air pollution (Pm10, Pm2.5, and NO2) between 2014 and 2018. Descriptive statistics, linear and logistic regression analyses tested the association between air pollutants levels and semen parameters. Results: Of 1,152 men, 87 (7.55%) had normal sperm parameters at first semen analysis. Of 1,065 patients with abnormal semen analyses, 237 (22.25%), 324 (30.42%), and 287 (26.95%) patients presented 1, 2 or 3 abnormalities, respectively, and 217 (20.38%) were azoospermic. At linear regression analysis, Pm10, Pm2.5, and NO2 were negatively associated with sperm morphology (Pm10: β=-0.5288 µg/m3, p=0.001; Pm2.5: β=-0.5240 µg/m3, p=0.019; NO2: β=-0.4396 µg/m3, p

Published
2023
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48. The outcomes of penile prosthesis in neurologic patients: a multicentric retrospective series

Author

Marco Falcone, Paolo Capogrosso, Lorenzo Cirigliano, Paolo Geretto, Mirko Preto, Massimiliano Timpano, Carlo Ceruti, Federica Peretti, Ilaria Ferro, Natalia Plamadeala, Federico Dehò, Carlo Bettocchi, Celeste Manfredi, Lorenzo Spirito, Alessandro Palmieri, Alberto Manassero, Gideon Blecher, and Paolo Gontero

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Introduction: Neurological disease is a known entity for causing erectile dysfunction (ED). Pharmacological therapies are not always effective these patients – penile prosthesis implant (PPI) is an established surgical treatment option. For a variety of reasons, neurological patients may experience differing outcomes of PPI compared to those whose ED arises from other causes. We investigated outcomes of PPI in neurological patients using the Italian multi-institutional national registry of penile prostheses [Italian Nationwide Systematic Inventarization of Surgical Treatment for ED (INSIST-ED)]. Methods: Patients undergoing PPI were investigated via the INSIST-ED registry, from 2014 to 2021. Data were prospectively recorded by 45 surgeons on a dedicated website ( www.registro.andrologiaitaliana.it ) and reviewed by a data manager. We subselected patients with neurological disease undergoing PPI for ED, and these patients were reviewed at 3, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Postoperative complications and functional outcomes were evaluated through validated questionnaires [International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Sexual Encounter Profile 2–3, and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS)]. A nonvalidated questionnaire was administered to assess patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 33 patients were included with a median age of 49 [interquartile range (IQR) 41–55]. Median follow-up was 83 months (IQR 67–99.5). A penoscrotal approach for PPI was performed in most cases (90.9%), while infrapubic was used in three cases (9.1%). Inflatable and malleable devices were implanted in 30 (90.9%) and 3 cases (9.1%), respectively. Intraoperative complications occurred in one case (3%). Early postoperative complications (

Published
2023
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49. Braiding properties of worldline configurations in hardcore lattice bosons

Author

Lingua, Fabio, Wang, Wei, Shpani, Liana, and Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In this manuscript, we study braiding properties of worldline configurations for a variety of ground-states of hardcore Bose-Hubbard models in two dimensions. Configurations are collections of particle paths and result from the path-integral formulation of statistical mechanics. For hard-core bosons, configurations can be seen as geometric braids and therefore can be assigned a certain topological structure, i.e. a way to classify braiding events among worldlines. By means of Monte Carlo calculations, we study superfluid phase and a variety of insulating phases and observe that ground-states of different quantum phases correspond to different probability distributions of braiding properties., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. The current version focuses on the discussion of braiding properties of worldline configurations. The study of phase transitions and permutation cycles has been moved to a new manuscript: arXiv:1912.00080. The current manuscript has been accepted for publication on Scientific Reports

Published
2019
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50. Consensus and Diversity in the Management of Varicocele for Male Infertility: Results of a Global Practice Survey and Comparison with Guidelines and Recommendations

Author

Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwal, Parviz Kavoussi, Amarnath Rambhatla, Ramadan Saleh, Rossella Cannarella, Ahmed M. Harraz, Florence Boitrelle, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-Meguid Hamoda, Armand Zini, Edmund Ko, Gokhan Calik, Tuncay Toprak, Hussein Kandil, Murat Gül, Mustafa Emre Bakırcıoğlu, Neel Parekh, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Nicholas Tadros, Ates Kadioglu, Mohamed Arafa, Eric Chung, Osvaldo Rajmil, Fotios Dimitriadis, Vineet Malhotra, Gianmaria Salvio, Ralf Henkel, Tan V. Le, Emrullah Sogutdelen, Sarah Vij, Abdullah Alarbid, Ahmet Gudeloglu, Akira Tsujimura, Aldo E. Calogero, Amr El Meliegy, Andrea Crafa, Arif Kalkanli, Aykut Baser, Berk Hazir, Carlo Giulioni, Chak-Lam Cho, Christopher C.K. Ho, Ciro Salzano, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn, Dung Mai Ba Tien, Edoardo Pescatori, Edson Borges, Ege Can Serefoglu, Emine Saïs-Hamza, Eric Huyghe, Erman Ceyhan, Ettore Caroppo, Fabrizio Castiglioni, Fahmi Bahar, Fatih Gokalp, Francesco Lombardo, Franco Gadda, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Gian Maria Busetto, Giancarlo Balercia, Gianmartin Cito, Gideon Blecher, Giorgio Franco, Giovanni Liguori, Haitham Elbardisi, Hakan Keskin, Haocheng Lin, Hisanori Taniguchi, Hyun Jun Park, Imad Ziouziou, Jean de la Rosette, Jim Hotaling, Jonathan Ramsay, Juan Manuel Corral Molina, Ka Lun Lo, Kadir Bocu, Kareim Khalafalla, Kasonde Bowa, Keisuke Okada, Koichi Nagao, Koji Chiba, Lukman Hakim, Konstantinos Makarounis, Marah Hehemann, Marcelo Rodriguez Peña, Marco Falcone, Marion Bendayan, Marlon Martinez, Massimiliano Timpano, Mesut Altan, Mikkel Fode, Mohamed S. Al-Marhoon, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi, Nazim Gherabi, Nikolaos Sofikitis, Oğuzhan Kahraman, Ponco Birowo, Priyank Kothari, Puneet Sindhwani, Qaisar Javed, Rafael F. Ambar, Raghavender Kosgi, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Ricky Adriansjah, Rosita Angela Condorelli, Sandro La Vignera, Sava Micic, Shannon Hee Kyung Kim, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Sun Tae Ahn, Taymour Mostafa, Teng Aik Ong, Teppei Takeshima, Toshiyasu Amano, Trenton Barrett, Umut Arslan, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan, Widi Atmoko, Yasushi Yumura, Yiming Yuan, Yuki Kato, Davor Jezek, Bryan Kwun-Chung Cheng, Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, Jun Dy, Eduard Ruiz Castañé, Ahmed I. El-Sakka, Quang Nguyen, Selcuk Sarikaya, Luca Boeri, Ronny Tan, Mohamad A. Moussa, Ahmed El-Assmy, Hamed Alali, Naif Alhathal, Yasser Osman, Dragoljub Perovic, Hesamoddin Sajadi, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Miroslav Vučinić, Said Kattan, Mohamed S. Kattan, Nasser Mogharabian, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc, Kay Seong Ngoo, Mohammad H. Alkandari, Shaheed Alsuhaibani, Ioannis Sokolakis, Mehdi Babaei, Mak Siu King, Thorsten Diemer, Marcelo M. Gava, Raphael Henrique, Rodrigo Spinola e Silva, Gustavo Marquesine Paul, Tiago Cesar Mierzwa, Sidney Glina, Kashif Siddiqi, Han Wu, Jana Wurzacher, Ala’a Farkouh, Hwancheol Son, Suks Minhas, Joe Lee, Nikko Magsanoc, Paolo Capogrosso, German Jose Albano, Sheena E. M. Lewis, Channa N. Jayasena, Juan G. Alvarez, Colin Teo, Ryan P. Smith, Jo Ben M. Chua, Christian Fuglesang S. Jensen, Sijo Parekattil, Renata Finelli, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Keshab Kumar Karna, Abdelkareem Ahmed, Don Evenson, Yukihiro Umemoto, Ana Puigvert, Gökhan Çeker, and Giovanni M Colpi

Subjects
consensus, disease management, male infertility, survey, varicocele, Medicine, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Purpose: Varicocele is a common problem among infertile men. Varicocele repair (VR) is frequently performed to improve semen parameters and the chances of pregnancy. However, there is a lack of consensus about the diagnosis, indications for VR and its outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore global practice patterns on the management of varicocele in the context of male infertility. Materials and Methods: Sixty practicing urologists/andrologists from 23 countries contributed 382 multiple-choice-questions pertaining to varicocele management. These were condensed into an online questionnaire that was forwarded to clinicians involved in male infertility management through direct invitation. The results were analyzed for disagreement and agreement in practice patterns and, compared with the latest guidelines of international professional societies (American Urological Association [AUA], American Society for Reproductive Medicine [ASRM], and European Association of Urology [EAU]), and with evidence emerging from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Additionally, an expert opinion on each topic was provided based on the consensus of 16 experts in the field. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 574 clinicians from 59 countries. The majority of respondents were urologists/ uro-andrologists. A wide diversity of opinion was seen in every aspect of varicocele diagnosis, indications for repair, choice of technique, management of sub-clinical varicocele and the role of VR in azoospermia. A significant proportion of the responses were at odds with the recommendations of AUA, ASRM, and EAU. A large number of clinical situations were identified where no guidelines are available. Conclusions: This study is the largest global survey performed to date on the clinical management of varicocele for male infertility. It demonstrates: 1) a wide disagreement in the approach to varicocele management, 2) large gaps in the clinical practice guidelines from professional societies, and 3) the need for further studies on several aspects of varicocele management in infertile men.

Published
2023
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