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El lactosuero es un subproducto de la elaboración de queso y otros productos lácteos, puede generar contaminación ambiental cuando es vertido de manera inapropiada, por lo que su uso en la producción de productos de consumo cotidiano como los helados, es una alternativa para disminuir su impacto ambiental. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar características químicas y organolépticas de helados de tres formulaciones a base de lactosuero, que incluyen el uso de estabilizantes comerciales y féculas de maíz. La investigación se realizó en laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, en Managua, Nicaragua. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con tres tratamientos (formulaciones). Las variables evaluadas fueron pH, grasa (%), proteínas (%) solidos totales (%), solidos no grasos (%) y ceniza (%), sobre la base del análisis bromatológico según los procedimientos del laboratorio de bromatología de la Dirección de Ciencia Animal de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. El color, sabor, olor y textura se evaluó según una escala hedónica, con la participación de un panel no entrenado conformado por 53 personas. Los datos sobre color, sabor, olor y textura (valoración organoléptica) se ajustó en un modelo logit acumulado ordinal, usando el paquete ordinal del software estadístico R. En general las características químicas se consideran adecuadas para este tipo de helado y la percepción organoléptica por parte del panel no entrenado, indica que la mayoría de ellos ubican a las tres formulaciones entre las valoraciones hedónicas “me gusta moderadamente” y “me gusta mucho” y me gusta mucho, con una fuerte inclinación, principalmente sobre los atributos color y textura en los helados que, en su formulación aparte del lactosuero, incluye fécula de maíz.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pitayas belong to the Cactaceae family, with high economic potential due to their exotic appearance and nutritional and functional properties. Thus, it is essential to compare studies related to their physicochemical characteristics, in addition to demonstrating the innovation of food products based on their compounds. It is a narrative review on the properties of pitayas. We performed searches in databases such as SciELO, Oasisbr, and Google Scholar, and the descriptors were "pitaya" (pitaia), "characteristics of pitaya" (características da pitaia), "Hylocereus polyrhizus", "Hylocereus undatus", "Hylocereus costaricensis", "Selenicereus setaceus", and "Pitaya cultivation in Brazil" (cultivo da pitaia no Brasil). This work aimed to find different studies related to pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, proteins, fibers, lipids, vitamin C, and minerals, in addition to bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, phenols, and pigments, which are the anthocyanins, betalains, and carotenoids. The physicochemical characteristics of pitayas are of great importance for their consumption and exploration of their compounds for new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a study of the spring "El Paraíso", located in the El Cristo town, Santiago de Cuba was carried out to evaluate its use by human consumption, as source of supply and irrigation activities for crops. Five samplings were carried out in the dry period of october 2019-february 2020 and subsequent analysis of the physicochemical and bacteriological results in conjunction with the interpretation of integrating indices. The results reflected the contamination of the spring since many parameters such as hydrogencarbonate, nitrate, total and termotolerant coliforms, are outside the established indices. Due to this, the spring waters are not apt like water drinkable, neither for provisioning, which is why necessary treatment according to the contamination degree, although recommended for animal consumption and watering of cultivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los índices de contaminación y de calidad de agua permiten facilitar el entendimiento del panorama ambiental de los recursos hídricos. Inicialmente se evaluó la calidad de agua en el río Guachicos, municipio de Pitalito, Colombia y sus quebradas tributarias: Cedro, Roble, Caney, Aguas Negras y Maralla; utilizando los métodos fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos, en cuatro mediciones (abril, julio y septiembre de 2018, febrero de 2019), se calcularon el Índice de Calidad de Agua (ICA), Índice de contaminación por mineralización (ICOMI), Índice de contaminación orgánica (ICOMO), Índice de contaminación por sólidos suspendidos (ICOSUS) y el Índice de contaminación Trófica (ICOTRO). Los valores del ICA, presentan aguas poco contaminadas en las fuentes Roble (0,52), Aguas Negras (0,50), Caney (0,53), Cedro (0,54), río Guachicos (0,52), a excepción de Maralla que muestra contaminación media con un valor de 0,33. Los índices ICOMI e ICOSUS presentan valoración baja; el ICOTRO indica hipereutrofia y el ICOMO presenta valores medio y alto, por alta carga orgánica. En el análisis de componentes principales presenta influencias positivas del río Guachicos en la parte alta y media, además de las quebradas Cedro y Caney; asociaciones entre El Roble, Aguas Negras y la desembocadura del río Guachicos, indicando valores medios de contaminación. La influencia negativa la tiene la quebrada Maralla, debida a su alto nivel de contaminación. El ICOMI y el ICOSUS no evidencian mayores influencias en el estudio.

El aguacate Hass es un fruto climatérico con un alto contenido de aceite y óptimas características organolépticas. Las condiciones de almacenamiento (temperatura y humedad relativa) durante el transporte y la maduración, son definitivas para garantizar que el fruto llegue al consumidor con las mejores características fisicoquímicas y adecuadas propiedades organolépticas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura de almacenamiento durante el transporte refrigerado y su posterior maduración acelerada sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aguacate Hass de exportación del Valle del Cauca. Se utilizó un diseño factorial 32, en el cual los factores correspondieron a las temperaturas de refrigeración (5, 7 y 9°C) y de maduración (17, 20 y 23°C). En ambos casos, la humedad relativa fue de 90%. Los frutos se almacenaron durante 20 días para simular el proceso de exportación y las propiedades fisicoquímicas se midieron cada 5 días. Posteriormente se sometieron a una maduración acelerada a 17, 20 y 23°C hasta un grado de madurez 5, correspondiente a la madurez de consumo. Las mejores condiciones de manejo se lograron a una temperatura de almacenamiento de 7°C y maduración posterior a 20°C. El producto final presentó una maduración homogénea, sin defectos internos.

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Refrigeration is necessary to preserve the quality of watermelon fruits for longer, however, this technology is difficult to access and costly. Therefore, it is necessary to look for alternatives such as the selection of new varieties of watermelon that present good resistance to transport, superior fruit quality and high postharvest shelf life. In this context, the objective in this work was to evaluate the morphological, physicochemical and shelf life characteristics of the fruits of nine varieties of watermelon. It was conducted through a randomized complete block experimental design in a subdivided plot scheme. Nine varieties of watermelon were evaluated in the plots: Explorer, Magnum, Santa Amelia, Top Gun, Crimson Sweet, Electra, PX 397, Charleston Gray and Jubilee, and in the subplots five storage times: 0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 days. The edaphoclimatic conditions of the Amazon Savannah in Roraima, Brazil, favor the morphological, physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of the fruits of the Explore, Santa Amelia and Crimson Sweet varieties. The fruits of the watermelon varieties quickly lose their quality and are not suitable for in nature consumption after 15 days of storage at ambient temperature and relative humidity in the Amazon Savannah of Roraima, Brazil, since the content of ° Brix after this period is less than 9 °. The new studies related to the subject must consider the acceptance of the consumer market of the varieties with the greatest potential obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the behavior of dry bee pollen during storage was evaluated, two storage temperatures 5 and 29 °C and two packaging materials were considered: amber polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and double zipper polyethylene (PE) bags. The dry pollen was carried out physical-chemical measurements (humidity, acidity, pH and proteins) and microbiological (microorganisms at 30 °C, filamentous fungi and yeasts) every seven days to 70 days of storage. It was observed that the pH, acidity and protein values did not vary significantly (p > 0,05) during the period for any of the storage alternatives studied, while the humidity for the samples stored in the bags at room temperature showed an appreciable increase with respect to the initial value, from 5,17 to 7,33 %. In the case of microbiological indicators, no increase was observed during the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Streams associated with high Andean wetlands are found in environments where conditions are extreme, highly variable temperature, low atmospheric pressure, intense solar radiation. The macroinvertebrate assemblages have been poorly studied compared to streams located at lower altitudes. On a global and regional scale, the characteristics of macroinvertebrates change with the increase in latitude and altitude (decreasing in richness and variation in composition). At the local level, the effect of acidic waters with high conductivity from springs that join streams generate heterogeneity in water quality and consequently in the characteristics of macroinvertebrate structure. Objective: To compare the diversity, composition and abundance of macroinvertebrates and the physicochemical characteristics of stream water in two high Andean wetlands in Peru. Methodology: Eleven stations located in streams of two high Andean wetlands were studied: 7 in Guitarrachayocc (G) of 43 ha (n = 28) and 4 in Pichccahuasi (P) of 28 ha (n = 8). A Surber sampler (0.3 mm mesh, sampling area of 1 200 cm2) was used to carry out monthly samplings from October 2016 to April 2017. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Non-Parametric-Multivariate-Analysis-Of-Variance (NP-MANOVA) were applied to compare water characteristics. The macroinvertebrate assemblages from the two streams were compared by using a Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), NP-MANOVA, and a non-parametric Kruskal- Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: The characteristics of the water were heterogeneous, with significant differences in pH which ranged from 3.2 (± 0.4) to 7.6 (± 0.1) and conductivity ranging from 168.9 (± 91.0) ÎS / cm to 1 117.0 (± 159.3) ÎS / cm. In particular, G6 presented the lowest pH values and the highest electrical conductivity, as well as chlorides. A total of 8 126 individuals were collected, distributed in 26 taxa from 20 families, 11 orders and five classes. Insects were the most diverse and abundant group. Differences were found between the streams of the highland wetlands, despite their proximity: in G, 25 taxa were registered, with a dominance of Macrelmis sp., Dicrotendipes sp., Claudioperla sp. and Meridialaris sp. and in P, 9, with a dominance of Pedrowygomya sp., Hyalella sp. and Dicrotendipes sp. The density was 475 ind./m2 and 31 ind./m2 for G and P respectively, these values were statistically different (p < 0.05). The PCoA and PCA confirmed by NP-MANOVA showed that G6 was different (p < 0.05) within G because it receives water contribution from a spring. Conclusions: The richness, composition and density of macroinvertebrates were different in streams depending on the bofedal with which it is associated. The contribution of the springs to the streams generates drastic changes in the quality of the water and the macroinvertebrates, determining the formation of assemblages with different richness and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presente investigación tuvo por finalidad evaluar las características del suelo bajo diferentes estadios de la agricultura migratoria en el Área de Conservación Privada “Bosque de Palmeras de la Comunidad Campesina Taulia Molinopampa”, para obtener información acerca de su recuperación o deterioro. Para ello, se identificaron siete estadios en los dos márgenes de la quebrada Sumichaca-San Antonio, en los que se realizó el Muestreo Aleatorio Estratificado (MAE), y posteriormente el análisis fisicoquímico en laboratorio. Este permitió determinar la variación de dichas características (a dos profundidades) paralelas a la sucesión de bosques secundarios. Los datos fueron procesados con el software R mediante la aplicación de un Diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar con submuestras y la complementación con pruebas de comparación múltiple (Duncan y Tukey). Se recolectaron 84 muestras de suelo, las mismas que, al ser analizadas, demostraron que algunos parámetros, como el pH, fueron disminuyendo sus valores del estadio raso (6,05) hasta el bosque clímax (4,39). De igual manera, el carbono presentó una breve disminución de 3,46 % (raso) a 2,59 % (BC). Finalmente, se puede afirmar que la agricultura migratoria genera cambios significativos en algunas características del suelo debido a actividades como la tala y la quema.

El proceso que más utiliza la industria quesera artesanal mexicana para agregar valor al lactosuero es la producción de requesón. Sin embargo, el perfil tecnológico del lactosuero depende de las características fisicoquímicas que posee. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el lactosuero primario (LPQC) y secundario (LSQC) proveniente de la producción de queso cocido (asadero) de Sonora, y del requesón elaborado a partir de estos. El LPQC tuvo un contenido de sólidos alrededor de 6.6 % similar (p≥0.05) al lactosuero dulce de queso fresco (LQF, control), aunque con un menor pH (5.3 vs 6.5) y contenido de proteína (0.4 vs 0.7 %). Por el contrario, el LSQC tuvo un alto contenido de sólidos, proteína y grasa (9.4, 1 y 4.2 %, respectivamente). La composición química del requesón elaborado con LSQC presentó un mayor contenido de sólidos y grasa, respecto al requesón elaborado con LPQC y con LQF (control). Los parámetros de firmeza, adhesividad y cohesividad de todos los requesones estuvieron en un rango de 0.05-0.18 (N), 0.07-0.26 (-N) y 0.40-0.84 respectivamente, obteniéndose menores valores de firmeza y adhesividad en requesón de LPQC, y una mayor cohesividad en requesón de LSQC (p

The effect of ultrasound for 15 and 30 min (40 kHz, 130 W, 10% salt solution, 25°C) on dehydration kinetics and physicochemical, microbiological, structural and rehydration characteristics of tilapia cubes dehydrated at 35°C was evaluated. The ultrasound treatments decreased dehydration time in the range of 8.7–19.2%, in comparison with the control treatments (15 and 30 min, 10% salt solution, 25°C). Of the Wang and Singh, Lewis, Modified Page and Page models, the last one was the one that better described the dehydration kinetics. The ultrasound significantly (p <.05) increased the ash content and significantly (p <.05) decreased the aw of the dehydrated tilapia cubes but did not have an effect on the microbiological characteristics. In addition, the tilapia cubes treated with ultrasound presented porous structures with large and irregular cavities, which increased the amount of moisture absorbed in the rehydration, in comparison with the control treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amazon region of Peru is one of the regions with the greatest potential in the production of natural resources in the country, including native papayas. The objective of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of native papayas such as Papayita del Monte (Carica pubescens Lenné & K. Koch) and babaco (Carica pentagona Heilborn) dehydrated by lyophilization. The physicochemical characteristics as well as the biometric values of both varieties were determined. Additionally, the total polyphenol content was quantified by the spectrophotometric method, the antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method and the shelf life of the freeze dried papayite and tobacco pulps, which were bagged, were determined mathematically. The results indicate that in relation to biometric analyzes such as weight, length and diameter, between papayite and babaco if there is a significant statistical difference (p-value = 0.0001). The comparison of the physicochemical characteristics between papayita and babaco pulps statistically existed a significant difference between them. The comparison between the yields of lyophilized pulps of papayite and babaco was determined a difference of 0.12. In the comparison of the total phenolic content between fresh pulps and lyophilized pulps if there was a significant difference, between papayite and babaco respectively, where it was determined that lyophilized products have a higher total phenolic content, than fresh pulp products. Also, in the antioxidant capacity if there are significant differences between fresh and lyophilized pulps between papayite and babaco. It was also determined that the lyophilized papayite pulp has a higher antioxidant capacity than the lyophilized pulp of the babaco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó la extracción del aceite de la pulpa de frutos de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) en madurez organoléptica correspondiente al día doce después de cosechado, por ser el día que presentó mayor concentración lipídica equivalente al 20% ± 2. Se utilizó el sistema de extracción mediante un proceso termomecánico, la variable respuesta fue el rendimiento de aceite obtenido expresado en porcentaje y la variable control fue la temperatura de extracción. La caracterización fisicoquímica; índice de yodo, índice de acidez (%) expresado como ácido oleico,índice de saponificación (mg KOH/g), índice de refracción a 25°C, índice de peróxidos (meq O2/Kg), índice de peróxidos (meq O2/Kg), punto de fusión (°C), punto de humo (°C), vitamina E, capacidad antioxidante, fenoles totales, y el perfil lipídico de los ácidos grasos se realizó al aceite obtenido con temperatura de extracción de 55 °C por ser ésta la que presentó mayor porcentaje de rendimiento equivalente al 60,2% respecto a la concentración total de aceite presente en la pulpa. El aceite de aguacate obtenido puede clasificarse como extra virgen, con alto contenido en ácidos grasos ω3, ω6 y Vitamina E correspondiente a 759,29 mg/100g, 12.862,30 mg/100 g y 10,11 mg/100 g respectivamente, lo cual posiciona el aceite de aguacate como un alimento altamente nutritivo y potencialmente funcional.

Los cambios en el uso del suelo provocan variaciones en sus características fisicoquímicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar dichos cambios de un Calcisol en tres tipos de uso de suelo: Área de Vegetación Nativa (AVN), Área Agrícola (AA) y Área Sometida a Pastoreo (ASP). Se tomaron cuatro muestras compuestas de suelo a 0-5 y 5-30 cm de profundidad para cada tipo de uso. Se determinaron las variables: densidad aparente, textura, resistencia mecánica a la penetración, materia orgánica, pH y conductividad eléctrica. Los análisis de varianza mostraron diferencias en la materia orgánica con valores de 4.2 % para AVN, 2.08 % para ASP y 1.19 % para AA en la profundidad 0-5 cm. La textura fue arcillo-limoso para AA, franco- arcillosa para ASP y franco para AVN, con diferencias. Los tres tipos de uso tienen escasa salinidad (70.2 a 396.0 μS cm-1), y confirman diferencias en ambas profundidades. La resistencia mecánica a la penetración mostró diferencias (p≤0.05) entre los usos del suelo; AA registró 0.78 kg cm-2 ASP 2.98 kg cm-2 y AVN 3.10 kg cm-2. En este contexto, el pH y la densidad aparente no tuvieron diferencias. La disminución del carbono orgánico del suelo en los primeros 5 cm de profundidad fue de 71.6 % después de cultivar un área por 60 años que originalmente fue matorral. Además, el abandono del cultivo para establecer un sistema de pastoreo por 15 años condujo a una re-acumulación de la materia orgánica de hasta un 21.2 %.

El mango (Mangifera indica L.) es un fruto climatérico de excelsas características sensoriales, pero presenta una vida útil o de anaquel muy corta, por lo tanto, es necesario explorar alternativas tecnológicas, que permitan prolongar su periodo poscosecha. Dentro de los desarrollos más estudiados, actualmente, se encuentra la aplicación de recubrimientos comestibles a frutas de interés comercial, que permitan mejorar sus características fisiológicas y sensoriales. En la presente investigación, se evaluó el efecto de dos recubrimientos comestibles sobre la calidad de frutos de mango. Los frutos fueron recubiertos con soluciones de almidón de yuca (Manihot esculenta C.) y pectina cítrica, en concentraciones de 1,5%. Los mangos, se sumergieron en la solución durante dos minutos y se almacenaron a 11±1°C y 80±5% de HR. Se evaluó cada tres días, durante 12 días, la firmeza, la pérdida fisiológica de peso, los parámetros triestímulos de color; "CIELab", el índice de pardeamiento, los sólidos solubles totales, la acidez y la calidad sensorial. Se logró concluir que los recubrimientos comestibles, con base en almidón de yuca y pectina permitieron conservar los frutos de mango cv. Criollo durante 12 días almacenados, en refrigeración a 11±1°C y 80±5% de HR.

Colombia has been overproducing potatoes with around 18% remaining unmarketable, constituting a potential alternative use in obtaining native starch for the food industry. To this end, 17 promising potato clones from the Programa de Mejoramiento Genético of Corpoica were characterized for agronomic variables, as well as physicochemical variables for the tubers. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and cluster analysis. Clone codified 36 was selected as having potential for the extraction of native starch, showing agronomically: a plant height of 75 cm, a green and undulating stalk, moderate deep purple and white blooming, semi-stellate-shaped corolla, green globe-shaped berries, oval tubers with a creamy white peel color and dotted with purple spots; physicochemically the tubers had: 1.090 specific gravity, 23.12% dry matter, 16.82% starch (22% amylose and 78% amylopectin), 0.122% reducing sugars, 2% protein, 0.82% ash and a pH of 5.69. The extracted starch showed a yield of 53.66% with 19.32% moisture.

Twenty hair (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly) and 20 wool (Rambouillet x Criollo) lambs were fattened in an intensive feeding system to reach 40kg body weight at ten months of age. The yield of lamb sides and back fat (51.9%, 2.5mm vs. 47.0%, 2.3mm) were greater in wool lambs. Meat pH was not different between phenotypes but meat temperature was higher during the first hours postmortem in wool lamb sides (27, 23, and 20, vs. 24, 20, and 17ºC). Protein content in meat from the neck (braquicephalic and esternocephalic muscles) and loin (Longissimus lumborum muscle) were higher in hair lambs (21.1 and 20.4 vs. 19.7 and 19.3 %), while moisture of the same muscles was higher in wool lambs (75.6 and 75.9 vs. 73.6 and 74.3%). Ash content was similar in both phenotypes, but palmitoleic acid was greater in hair lambs (2.9 and 2.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.5%). In fresh meat, pH, meat toughness, and water activity (Wa) of loin did not differ; but water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in hair lambs, and the same response was observed for cooked meat toughness from the neck, and in raw and cooked meat from loin. There were differences in the colour of meat from the neck, having values for L*, b* and tonalities greater in wool lambs, and a* greater for hair lambs. Sensorial parameters were similar in both phenotypes.Vinte cordeiros deslanados (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly) e 20 cordeiros lanados (Rambouillet x Criollo) foram mantidos em um sistema intensivo de alimentação até atingirem 40kg, aos 10 meses de idade. O rendimento de carcaça e a espessura da gordura foram maiores nos cordeiros lanados (51,9%, 2,5mm vs. 47,0%, 2,3mm). Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos de cordeiros para pH, mas a temperatura da carne foi mais alta durante as primeiras horas pós-morte, nas meias-carcaças dos cordeiros lanados (27, 23, 20 vs. 24, 20, 17°C). O conteúdo proteico da carne do pescoço (músculos braquicefálico e esternocefálico) e do lombo (músculo Longissimus lumborum) foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados (21,1 e 20,4 vs. 19,7 e 19,3%) enquanto o teor de umidade foi maior nas lanados (75,6 e 75,9 vs 73,6 e 74,3%). O conteúdo de cinzas não diferiu entre os dois grupos de cordeiros, mas o ácido palmitoleico foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados (2,9 e 2,7 vs 2,7 e 2,5%). Na carne fresca, o pH, a maciez da carne e a atividade da água (Wa) do lombo não diferiram entre os grupos, mas a capacidade de retenção de água (WHc) foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados, e a mesma resposta foi observada para a maciez da carne cozida do pescoço e do lombo fresco e cozido. Houve diferenças para cor da carne do pescoço com valores de L*, b* e maior tonalidade entre os cordeiros lanados, e maior a* para os deslanados. Os parâmetros sensoriais foram semelhantes nos dois grupos.

La especie Hymeneae courbaril, planta silvestre localizada en Venezuela, produce una goma clara contenida en la semilla, la cual es muy soluble en agua. Se determinaron las siguientes características analíticas de la goma; los datos analíticos generales, el análisis proximal, el contenido de fibra dietética, la composición mineral y la composición de aminoácidos. Se utilizaron métodos analíticos clásicos para la caracterización de la goma; HPLC y espectroscopia de absorción atómica. La goma contiene galactosa, glucosa, arabinosa y xilosa. Esta también contiene una alta proporción de fibra dietética (73,75%) y calcio, magnesio, sodio y potasio. La goma contiene además un contenido relativamente alto de proteína (6,62%). Los taninos, alcaloides, cianuros y metales tóxicos están ausentes en la goma. Las características fisicoquímicas de la goma de Hymeneae courbaril sugiere su posible uso como aditivo en la industria alimentaria, sin embargo, pudiera ser interesante el estudio de la funcionalidad de esta goma.Hymeneae courbaril, wild plant located in Venezuela, produces a clear gum at seed level, which is very soluble in water. It was determined analytical characteristics of this gum., general analytical data, proximate analysis, dietary fiber content, mineral composition, and amino acid composition. Classic analytical methods for characterization of the gums; HPLC and atomic absorption spectroscopy were used. The gum contains galactose, glucose, arabinose and xylose. It also contains a high proportion of dietary fiber content (73.75%) and calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. In addition, the gum has relatively high protein content (6.62%). Tannins, alkaloids, cyanides and toxic metals were absent in the gum. The physicochemical characteristics of the gum from Hymeneae courbaril may suggest its possible use as additive in food industry; therefore, it would be interesting to study the food functionality of that gum.

Se determinaron las características fisicoquímicas y de color de ocho marcas de leche consumidas en el municipio de Tuxtepec, se planteó una clasificación de calidad basada en el contenido de grasa, sólidos no grasos y agua añadida. Las diferentes marcas de leche presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en todos los parámetros. La marca H presentó los valores más bajos en todos los parámetros, excepto en grasa y agua añadida. Ninguna marca de leche cumple con las especificaciones establecidas en la Norma Oficial Mexicana para el contenido de proteína, lactosa, sólidos no grasos y densidad. Los valores de crioscopía en todas las marcas fueron mayores a lo establecido en la Norma Oficial Mexicana, con valores altos de agua añadida. Todas las marcas cumplieron con lo mínimo normativo para grasa y acidez titulable. Con respecto, al color se encontraron diferencias (p < 0.05) entre las distintas marcas, siendo la marca H la que más se alejó del blanco estándar. Mediante el análisis Cluster y con base en los parámetros propuestos se identificaron cuatro grupos de leche: calidad aceptable (marcas F, G), calidad regular (marcas B, C, E), mala calidad (marcas A, D) y calidad inaceptable (marca H).

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El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad fisicoquímica de las mieles de las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) producidas en el estado de Yucatán. Se colectaron muestras provenientes de tres etapas de producción (panal, acopio y exportación) y tres periodos de floración (tajonal, tzitzilché y árboles-enredaderas). Los parámetros evaluados fueron humedad, azúcares reductores totales, sacarosa, acidez libre, hidroximetilfurfural (HMF), actividad de la diastasa, actividad de la invertasa y sólidos insolubles en agua (SI), de acuerdo a las técnicas propuestas por la Comisión Europea de la Miel (CEM). Se realizó un análisis de varianza para evaluar diferencias en la calidad de la miel entre las etapas de manejo y periodo de floración. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0.05) en humedad y azúcares reductores, sin embargo, hubo variaciones (P

Physiological and physico chemical characteristics of avocados (Persea americana Mill. Cv. "Hass") grown in the municipalities of Carmen de Viboral and El Retiro located in Antioquia (Colombia) are unknown, that is why the objective of this research was to characterize the properties for fruits from this regions, the avocados were stored for 21 days at 23°C and 65% RH. The physiological parameters evaluated were: the respiration rate and physiological weight loss, physicochemical characteristics were also evaluated as changes in color L*, a* and b*, firmness, yield pulp fruit, moisture content, dry matter, total soluble solids (TSS), Total titratable acidity, pH, and lipid content. It could be established that the respiration rate of avocado fruits is typical of monophasic climateric products, presenting a climacteric peak for the day 8 postharvest, this probably is the cause of the cascade of events characteristic of the ripening, with changes in the TSS, which were 2.45 for the postharvest day 14, the total acidity decreased between days 1 to 10 from 0.25 to 0.18%, and the firmness presented a continuous decrease from 67 Newton for day 1 to 7.7 for day 14 in postharvest, also it could be established a concentration of the lipid fraction of 24% and 22.5% for avocados harvested in the Carmen de Viboral and El Retiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicochemical properties of eight samples of Mexican honeys from the West region were measured over 23 parameters, including moisture, water activity, soluble solids, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), ash, electrical conductivity, acidity (free, lactonic, and total), sugar content (fructose and glucose), color (L*, a*, b*), and mineral content. In addition, honey samples were classified according to the pollen quantitative analysis. According to the physicochemical parameters studied, the samples showed the values typical of honey. All honey samples were classified as dark according to the values of theL*color parameter. Only two honey samples were classified as monofloral and six as multifloral type. In general, the honey samples presented a good level of quality because they meet the physicochemical specifications of international regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Copyright of Agro Sur is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)