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Dispersal is an important life history trait that plays a key role in the demography and evolution of species. We employed a combined approach of DNA sequencing and transmission electron microscopy to examine the changes in the microbiome during the ontogeny and dispersal of the coral-excavating sponge Thoosa mismalolli. The results show that sponge can acquired their associated bacteria via both vertical (VT) and horizontal transmission (HT). Adult sponges, brooding larvae, and early free-swimming sponge larvae harbor a similar high-diversity microbial assemblage, dominated by Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi, which change throughout the larval dispersal phase. Larvae collected offshore showed a reorganization of their microbiome with a significant reduction of the dominance of inherited bacteria (Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi), and an enrichment of environmentally derived bacteria taxa (Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes). TEM confirmed a substantial change in cell structure and microbial composition, attributed to symbionts' massive phagocytosis. This research provides information on microbiome dynamics through the sponge ontogeny and sheds on their possible role in the dispersal capacity of their larvae., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Research has suggested that transdiagnostic factors related to reward, cognitive, and regulatory processes are involved in addictive behaviors and the experience of pain. However, studies of Prescription Opioid-Use Disorder (POUD) in a chronic pain population are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the predictive power of anticipatory pleasure experience, obsessive-compulsive behavior, cognitive control, emotion dysregulation, and sleep on POUD severity in chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy., Methods: A three-wave prospective study was conducted in a sample of 67 patients. Individual interviews were held to collect self-reported data on transdiagnostic factors, POUD, and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis included repeated measures multinomial mixed models, unadjusted and covariate-adjusted., Results: Rates of moderate-severe POUD significantly increased at 6- and 12-month follow-ups compared to initial assessment. The inability to experience anticipatory pleasure (OR [95 %CI] = 0.93 [0.89-0.98]), emotion dysregulation (OR = 1.06 [1.03-1.10]), and poorer sleep quality (OR = 1.25 [1.07-1.45]) predicted moderate-severe POUD even in the adjusted models (p< 0.05). In contrast, obsessive-compulsive behavior (OR = 1.02 [0.99-1.06]) was no longer significant after adjustment for covariates (p> 0.05). In addition, cognitive control was the only factor that predicted both mild (OR = 0.96 [0.93-0.99]) and moderate-severe (OR = 0.94 [0.90-0.98]) disorder (p< 0.05). Furthermore, when all transdiagnostic factors were included in a single model, cognitive control and anticipatory pleasure experience emerged as the strongest predictors of POUD severity, respectively (p< 0.05)., Conclusions: The identification of key transdiagnostic factors related to POUD severity allows for a more specific profiling of patients at increased risk, potentially leading to improved treatment targets for chronic pain population on opioid therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Withdrawal syndrome stands out as the strongest risk factor for prescription opioid-use disorder (POUD) and is related to psychological and pain impairment in the chronic pain population. This study aimed to identify profiles of chronic pain patients with opioid withdrawal based on psychological factors and to explore the association between the classes and demographic, clinical, and substance use variables., Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 391 patients, 221 with interdose withdrawal (mean age = 57.91±13.61 years; 68.3% female). Latent class analysis and bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed., Results: Two latent classes were identified (Bayesian information criterion = 4020.72, entropy = .70, likelihood ratio tests p < .01): Withdrawal syndrome with No Psychological Distress (WNPD; 45.2%, n = 100) and Withdrawal syndrome with Psychological Distress (WPD; 54.8%, n = 121). The WPD class was more likely to experience craving, anxiety, and depression and to report higher levels of pain intensity and interference ( p < .01). Patients in this class were younger, visited a higher number of specialists, and showed higher rates of high-dose opioid use, misuse, moderate-severe POUD, and tobacco and anxiolytics use ( p < .05). Only moderate-severe POUD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.64) and tobacco use (OR = 2.28) increased the risk of WPD class membership., Conclusions: Although it is common for chronic pain patients to experience withdrawal symptoms during opioid treatment, more than half of the participants reported concomitant psychological distress. Establishing differential profiles can help to improve withdrawal syndrome management during the treatment of chronic pain with opioids.

The DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for Prescription Opioid-Use Disorder (POUD) have undergone significant changes when using opioids medically supervised. However, there is a lack of research supporting these changes. This prospective study aimed to analyze the influence of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and craving on the severity of POUD in chronic pain population on long-term opioid therapy. Initial individual interviews and follow-ups at 6 and 12 months were conducted on 62 patients to assess tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, craving, and POUD severity. Information on sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables was also collected. Unadjusted and covariate-adjusted multinomial repeated measures mixed models were run. Results showed that, compared to not having POUD, tolerance was the sole variable that significantly predicted mild disorder, while interdose withdrawal symptoms, craving, depressive symptoms, and younger age predicted moderate-severe POUD. The effect of time was also significant in predicting moderate-severe POUD, increasing rates at 6- and 12-month follow-ups compared to initial assessment. These findings highlight that maintaining opioid therapy over time is associated with an increased likelihood of having a more severe disorder. Furthermore, although tolerance and withdrawal symptoms have been removed from POUD diagnosis, their assessment and early management remain critical even during supervised opioid treatment for chronic pain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Good sleep during adolescence is crucial for maintaining physical and psychological health; however, sleep disturbance during this period may contribute to health risks, such as substance use. This study aimed to identify the latent sleep patterns across male and female adolescents, and their association with drug use., Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1391 high school students (aged 15-17; 56.4% female). Participants completed the brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index alongside other sleep measures, and the Timeline Follow-Back and Drug Use History Questionnaire to measure substance use. A multiple-group latent class analysis was used to identify sleep patterns across sexes, and pairwise Logistic Regression models to compare their association with substance use., Results: Four sleep patterns were identified with varying degrees of sleep difficulties: "Good Sleep" (43.3%), "Night Awakenings" (31.8%), "Poor Efficiency and Sleep Onset" (9.4%), and "Poor Sleep" (15.5%). Female adolescents were more likely to belong to Poor Sleep and Poor Efficiency and Sleep Onset patterns, and male adolescents to Good Sleep. Likewise, binge drinking and using alcohol for a longer period were associated with experiencing Poor Efficiency and Sleep Onset (OR=1.03 and 2.3, respectively); smoking tobacco within the past month was linked to Night Awakenings (OR=2.2); and using cannabis or illegal drugs to the Poor Sleep pattern (OR=2.4 and 2.6, respectively)., Conclusions: Varied sleep difficulties exist among adolescents that significantly correlate with different aspects of drug use. Targeted interventions that address both sleep and drug prevention are recommended., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicts of interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Most epidemiological surveys focus on adult gambling behaviors related to traditional gambling forms, while studies on novel forms often focus on loot boxes and cryptocurrency trading individually. This study examines the co-ocurrence of emergent gambling and gambling-like practices, analyzing the demographic and psychological characteristics of involved gamblers. A cross-sectional study surveyed 1429 Spanish individuals aged 18-65, using a web-based questionnaire. The survey assessed participation in 19 gambling (e.g., lotteries, sports betting) and gambling-like activities (e.g., trading of cryptocurrencies and other assets, buying loot-boxes), along with sociodemographic and substance use. Problem gambling (PGSI), Impulsivity (UPPS-P), and cognitive distortions (Labrador's cognitive distortions scale) were also assessed. Participants who gambled over the past year (n = 921) were classified into four groups: traditional gambling (TG) only (64.5%, n = 594), TG with trading activities (27.5%, n = 253), TG with gambling withing video games or streaming platforms (2.5%, n = 23), and TG with both trading and video gambling (5.5%, n = 51). Most gamblers engaged exclusively in traditional formats, but 35.5% also participated in novel gambling forms. Those involved in both trading and video gambling were generally younger, male, with higher levels of impulsivity and gambling-related cognitive distortions compared to TG-only gamblers (p < 0.001). This group also exhibited higher rates of problem gambling and substance use (p < 0.001). This study emphasize the importance of including emerging gambling activities, which are particularly prevalent among high-risk gamblers, in epidemiological surveys. Identifying new gambling patterns and associated risk factors could help optimize public policies and develop more effective regulatory and prevention strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: Good sleep quality is essential for adolescent health, yet sleep difficulties persist in this age group. The 6-item Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was recently developed to improve sleep quality assessment, however, its validity in adolescents remains unexplored. This study examined the B-PSQI's psychometric properties in Spanish adolescents and adapted the scoring method to age-specific sleep recommendations., Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 1,065 adolescents (15-17 years; 56.8% female) was conducted in public high schools. Sleep quality was measured using the B-PSQI, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Additionally, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance were analyzed., Results: The B-PSQI global scores were 4.5 (SD = 1.9) for the original scoring method and 5.4 (SD = 2.8) for the age-adjusted. The age-adjusted B-PSQI showed satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.84) and concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity (ISI rS = 0.67; PROMIS rS = 0.71; anxiety rS = 0.40; depression rS = 0.42; ESS rS = 0.29). Adequacy for one-factor structure (χ2(4) = 53.9; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.108; SRMR = 0.05) and invariance across sexes were supported. Both B-PSQI scoring methods showed similar psychometric properties, but the original yielded a higher percentage of poor sleepers (43.1%; cutoff ≥5) than the age-adjusted version (41.9%; cutoff ≥6)., Conclusions: Findings suggest that the B-PSQI is a valid and reliable measure to assess adolescent sleep quality. Its scoring can be adjusted to provide age-specific criteria for good sleep. The B-PSQI has potential utility for screening sleep problems and facilitating overall health promotion in adolescents., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background : Brief therapies have proven to reduce tobacco cost-effectively, however, unsuccessful quit attempts remain notable in real-life conditions, and the underlying mechanisms of treatment success are still unclear. Objectives : We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Guided Self-Change (GSC) therapy combined with varenicline (VAR+T) in public health services against varenicline alone (VAR), and to identify mediators of treatment outcomes. We conducted a two-arm quasi-experimental study with 126 treatment-seeking smokers (age=57.3±9.1 years; 59.5% women). Before treatment, and at weeks 12 and 24, we assessed tobacco use and five potential mediators: withdrawal, craving, motivation to quit, anxiety, and depression. Results : Only 25% of participants adhered to varenicline prescription, and 54% to GSC therapy. VAR+T group showed a greater proportion of abstainers compared to VAR group at week 12 (75% vs 57.4%; φc=0.21) and week 24 (62.9% vs 52.5%; φc=0.10). When controlling for weeks taking varenicline, motivation showed a significant indirect effect over abstinence rates in VAR+T compared with VAR (a1b1=1.34; 95%CI=0.04, 5.03). Conclusions : The GSC effectiveness seems to increase motivation which in turn contributes to reducing tobacco use. The implementation of GSC therapy in public health services could minimize treatment duration and increase smoking abstinence in 'real-life' conditions where varenicline adherence remains low.

RESUMEN Objective. The misuse of prescription psychotropic drugs is a major health problem.

Tobacco withdrawal symptoms vary during smoking cessation increasing relapse risk; therefore, a longitudinal invariant measure seems necessary to validly assess withdrawal changes. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the 7-item Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale (MTWS) during cessation, and to analyze longitudinal invariance across smokers and abstainers. We conducted a longitudinal study with 309 Spanish smokers (56.2 ± 9.9 years; 52.4% women). We assessed withdrawal at three occasions: pre-treatment (T1), week-12 (T2), and week-24 (T3). Reliability, validity, and invariance analyses were performed. MTWS reliability remained adequate over time (ω T1  = 0.78; ω T2  = 0.68; ω T3  = 0.80) in both smokers and abstainers, with satisfactory temporal stability (ICC = 0.73). MTWS correlations with anxiety, depression, and nicotine dependence (r s > 0.3) supported convergent and concurrent validity. MTWS showed no correlation with craving at T2 (r s < 0.24), suggesting discriminant validity. Unifactorial structure proved partial scalar invariance across time (χ 2  = 246.009; CFI = 0.91; IFI = 0.91; SRMR = 0.09), yet longitudinal invariance between abstainers and smokers was not supported. Across groups, partial scalar invariance was only achieved at T2. Noninvariance at T3 was mainly due to item irritability ( d MACS  = 0.93). The MTWS is reliable and valid measure to assess withdrawal changes during cessation. Long-term MTWS comparisons between smokers and abstainers should be taken with caution since different withdrawal patterns may exist.

An assessment of the different aspects of tobacco addiction is central to adapting interventions to the profiles and needs of smokers. The Glover−Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) is one of the few and most used scales to evaluate the behavioral aspects of tobacco addiction. However, few studies involve the validation of the GN-SBQ in clinical settings. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the GN-SBQ in a sample of Spanish smokers. A total of 341 smokers attending clinical services in Spain participated in this cross-sectional study. Measures included the psychological factors related to tobacco addiction, assessed with the GN-SBQ, the physical factors of nicotine addiction, withdrawal symptoms, smoking-related variables, and alcohol use. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, internal consistency coefficients, confirmatory factor analyses, Spearman correlations, and the Kruskal−Wallis test. The GN-SBQ showed adequate reliability (α = 0.76 and ω = 0.76) and a unidimensional structure. GN-SBQ scores also provided evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. GN-SBQ scores significantly correlated with the physical symptoms of addiction, age, number of cigarettes, and withdrawal symptoms. The results of discriminant validity were also adequate, as no correlation was observed between GN-SBQ scores and CO levels or alcohol use. Significant differences were found between all levels of psychological addiction based on the GN-SBQ scores regarding physical nicotine addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and age. Thus, this questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the psychological aspects of tobacco addiction in smokers in clinical settings. The short length of the GN-SBQ proves advantageous for its use in time-limited assessments, which are common in public health services.

Thoosa mismalolli is one of the most abundant and common excavating sponges along Mexican and Central America shallow reefs. This sponge harbors a microbiome unknown so far. In the present study, the metagenome of T. mismalolli was sequenced, and total reads obtained were classified, and contigs were assembled to analyze the microbiota. The results showed that the highest number of contigs was assigned to the phylum 'Candidatus Poribacteria' (8848), followed by the phylum Proteobacteria (6415), and Chloroflexi (3972). 22 MAGs with <8.5% redundancy using MaxBin 2 were detected: 'Candidatus Poribacteria' (5), Proteobacteria (5), Chloroflexi (6), Gemmatimonadetes (2), Actinobacteria (2), and Thaumarchaeota (2). The phylogenetic tree based on the 139 single-copy gene (SCG) suggested a subdivision into two clades of the phylum Proteobacteria. The presence Thaumarchaeota is also interesting to highlight because contains ammonia-oxidizing archaea considered key members of the global nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycles. In addition, shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed that protein sequences associated for amino acids (13.0%) and carbohydrate metabolism (12.4%) predominated. In this study, the first microbiome and functional potential of T. mismalolli is reported, which also represents the first investigation of a microbiota sponge in the Mexican Pacific reefs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The present study reports the first genome of Nitrosopumilus extracted from the marine sponge Thoosa mismalolli. The genomic study of Nitrosopumilus genus using seven genomes type strains (N. maritimus, N. piranensis, N. zosterae, N. ureiphilus, N. adriaticus, N. oxyclinae and N. cobalaminigenes), four genomes Candidatus species (Ca. N. koreensis, Ca. N. sp. AR2, Ca. N. salaria BD31, and SZUA-335), and six reference genomes (SI075, SI0036, SI0060, SI0034, SI0048, and bin36o) isolated from marine sponge, a tropical marine fish tank, dimly lit deep coastal waters, the lower euphotic zone of coastal waters, near-surface sediment, and MAG N. sp NMAG03 isolated from Thoosa mismalolli was performed. These genomes were characterized by means of a polyphasic approach comprising multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 139 single-copy genes (SCG), core-pangenome, ANI, and in silico phenotypic characterization. We found that the genomes of the Nitrosopumilus genus formed three separate clusters (A, B, and C) based in 139 SCG sequence similarity. The genomes showed values between 75.2 and 99.5% for ANI, the core genome consisted of 168 gene families and the pangenome of 6,011 gene families. Based on the genomic analyses performed, the cluster A may contain a potential new species (NMAG03), and the cluster C could be represented by three new species of the genus. Finally, based on the results shown in this polyphasic approach, we support the use of the integrated approach for genomic analysis of poorly studied genera., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Despite the high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) use, efforts to profile users have not been conclusive. Studies report that 30-95% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes use SS. Research found has mostly focused on demographic and sports variables to profile SS users, but little research has studied the psychological factors that may influence the use of SS. The purpose of this investigation was to classify, describe, and differentiate the profile of users and non-users of SS, considering demographic, sports, and psychological variables. A total of 554 participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 45% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes reported using supplements. There were significant differences found regarding the use of SS between men and women (51% vs. 49%, p = 0.002; OR = 1.799), and when training 4 or more days per week ( p ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.526). Findings regarding the psychological variables have been found in the Adonis Complex. These results indicate that participants with greater concerns regarding physical appearance, tend to be SS users ( p = 0.001; OR = 1.200). The results of this study fill a gap in previous research, and provide an approximate profile, including demographic, sports, and psychological variables of SS users.

Opioid withdrawal is characterized by a set of physical and psychological symptoms that depend on both opioid and patient specific characteristics. The present study aims to identify different latent classes of chronic pain patients according to the type of opioid withdrawal symptoms experienced, and to analyze the relationships between the classes and demographic, opioid therapy, psychological and substance use variables. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 391 chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified 3 classes (BIC = 7051.89, entropy = .87, LRTs P < .01). The mild withdrawal class showed low probabilities of presenting physical and psychological symptoms, the moderate withdrawal class was characterized by experiencing psychological symptoms, and the severe withdrawal class stood out for high probabilities of presenting both types of symptoms. The classes differed from each other, with higher rates of moderate-severe POUD, opioid misuse, anxiety, depression, and greater pain intensity and interference in more severe withdrawal classes (P < .05). The multinomial logistic regression showed that moderate-severe POUD and anxiety were the strongest variables related to moderate (OR POUD  = 3.34, OR Anxiety  = 2.58) and severe withdrawal classes (OR POUD  = 4.26, OR Anxiety  = 5.15). Considering that POUD and anxiety were strongly related to a more severe withdrawal syndrome, the inclusion of psychological interventions in pain management seems critical in this population. PERSPECTIVE: Although interdose opioid withdrawal is common in chronic pain patients, this study shows 3 different patterns in its experience (mild, moderate, and severe withdrawal). A more severe withdrawal may result in reduced effectiveness of opioids in relieving pain and increased negative consequences, such as higher risk of POUD. Findings that could help improve chronic pain management., (Copyright © 2022 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A new species of the genus Liropus Mayer, 1920 (Amphipoda, Caprellidae) is described from the Mexican Tropical Pacific coast. Liropus alarconi n. sp. is described on the basis of four specimens collected in association with the tropical marine sponge Trikentrion helium Dickinson, 1945, near to coralline patches, between 2330 m depth. Liropus alarconi n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners for the following characters: pereonites 25 each with one dorsodistal projection and pereonite 3 with a mediolateral projection.

Members of the proposed phylum 'Candidatus Poribacteria' are among the most abundant microorganisms in the highly diverse microbiome of the sponge mesohyl. Genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of this proposed phylum are barely known. In this study, we analyzed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from the coral reef excavating sponge Thoosa mismalolli from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Two MAGs were extracted and analyzed together with 32 MAGs and single-amplified genomes (SAGs) obtained from NCBI. The phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of 139 single-copy genes (SCG) showed two clades. Clade A (23 genomes) represented 67.7% of the total of the genomes, while clade B (11 genomes) comprised 32.3% of the genomes. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) showed values between 66 and 99% for the genomes of the proposed phylum, and the pangenome of genomes revealed a total of 37,234 genes that included 1722 core gene. The number of genes used in the phylogenetic analysis increased from 28 (previous studies) to 139 (this study), which allowed a better resolution of the phylogeny of the proposed phylum. The results supported the two previously described classes, 'Candidatus Entoporibacteria' and 'Candidatus Pelagiporibacteria', and the genomes SB0101 and SB0202 obtained in this study belong to two new species of the class 'Candidatus Entoporibacteria'. This is the first comparative study that includes MAGs from a non-sponge host (Porites lutea) to elucidate the taxonomy of the poorly known Candidatus phylum in a polyphasic approach. Finally, our study also contributes to the sponge microbiome project by reporting the first MAGs of the proposed phylum 'Candidatus Poribacteria' isolated from the excavating sponge T. mismalolli., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and deadly, but so far, there is no targeted therapy. A main contributor to the disease is impaired ventricular filling, which we improved with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the cardiac splice factor RBM20. In adult mice with increased wall stiffness, weekly application of ASOs over 2 months increased expression of compliant titin isoforms and improved cardiac function as determined by echocardiography and conductance catheter. RNA sequencing confirmed RBM20-dependent isoform changes and served as a sensitive indicator of potential side effects, largely limited to genes related to the immune response. We validated our approach in human engineered heart tissue, showing down-regulation of RBM20 to less than 50% within 3 weeks of treatment with ASOs, resulting in adapted relaxation kinetics in the absence of cardiac pathology. Our data suggest anti-RBM20 ASOs as powerful cardiac splicing regulators for the causal treatment of human HFpEF.

Background: Despite health anxiety (HA) is associated with higher incidence of anxiety disorders, no studies have examined the association between this variable and the increased levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) reported during COVID pandemic., Methods: This study was conducted online between April and May 2020. Data were collected from 468 men and women from the Spanish general population. Sociodemographic and COVID-19-related data, health anxiety, PTSS, fear of becoming infected, social support, sleep problems and past/current psychological/psychiatric history were assessed. The mediating effect of HA when predicting PTSS was explored with mediational analyses. Moderated mediational analyses were also performed to test if receiving psychological treatment during pandemic changes the mediating effect of HA., Results: Prevalence of PTSS was higher in high-scorers in HA (p<.01). High HA was also more likely to be reported by women, individuals with sleep problems, frequently fear of getting infected, and those who have previously received psychological treatment (p<.01). HA mediates the relationship between PTSS and the following predictors of PTSS: sleep problems, psychiatric history and fear of getting infected. Being under psychological treatment did not moderate the mediating effect of health anxiety., Limitations: Further longitudinal studies with bigger sample sizes are needed to examine the causal relationship between HA and PTSS after COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HA could influence the psychological consequences of the pandemic. Screening of HA could be useful to identify people with heightened risk of developing PTSS during pandemic., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Prescription Opioid-Use Disorder (POUD) have undergone some significant changes. One of the most controversial changes has been the elimination of the withdrawal symptoms criterion when opioid use is under appropriate medical supervision. For this reason, the goal of this study was to analyze factors associated with opioid withdrawal in patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP)., Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 404 patients who use prescription opioids for long-term treatment (≥90 days) of CNCP. Measures included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, POUD, withdrawal symptoms, craving, anxiety-depressive symptoms, and pain intensity and interference., Results: Forty-seven percent (n = 193) of the sample reported moderate-severe withdrawal symptoms, which were associated with lower age, higher daily morphine dose and duration of treatment with opioids, moderate-severe POUD, use of psychotropic drugs, higher anxiety-depressive symptoms, and greater pain intensity and interference (p < .05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that moderate-severe POUD (OR = 2.82), anxiety (OR = 2.21), depression (OR = 1.81), higher pain interference (OR = 1.05), and longer duration of treatment with opioids were the strongest factors associated with moderate-severe withdrawal symptoms (p < .05)., Conclusion: Psychological factors seem to play a key role in the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Since greater intensity of these symptoms increases the risk of developing POUD, knowing the factors associated with withdrawal may be useful in developing preventive psychological interventions., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art., Background: The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence., Method: A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in social-emotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation., Results: The findings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirical support ranges from low to high depending on the phenomenon analyzed. The review suggests unequal progress in the different fields of intervention., Conclusions: From this update, psychologists will be able to make informed decisions when implementing those empirically supported treatments to address the problems that occur in childhood and adolescence.

Caregiving has been associated with increased levels of fear and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze when the relationship between fear and PTSS occur, using informal caregiving as a moderator variable. To explore this moderating role, we conducted a cross-sectional online study between November 2020 and January 2021. A total of 503 men and women from the Spanish general population completed the survey. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data, fear of COVID-19, PTSS symptoms, and current psychological history were assessed. Prevalence of informal caregiving in the sample was 16.5%. Increased levels of fear and PTSS were found in caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Female gender and high number of COVID-19 related risk factors was also associated with fear and PTSS severity. The moderation analyses showed an interaction effect between caregiving and fear of COVID-19 when predicting PTSS symptoms. Particularly, results showed that informal caregivers reported greater PTSS symptoms, when compared to non-caregivers with same levels of fear of COVID-19. This evidence suggests that being a caregiver could increase the fear's impact on PTSS severity in the context of pandemics. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the most widely used questionnaire in research and clinical practice to assess sleep quality. However, a brief version of this measure would improve its efficiency and applicability. This study aimed to develop a brief form of the PSQI and to study measurement invariance across gender and age in a nonclinical population. In total, 609 participants with a mean age of 37.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.9) were recruited, of whom 71.8% (n = 437) were women. Participants completed online versions of the PSQI and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Reliability analyses were performed to reduce the number of items, followed by validity and measurement invariance analyses for the new Brief Version of the PSQI (B-PSQI). Six questions were included in the B-PSQI out of the initial 18; the brief form had adequate internal consistency (α = .79 and ω = 0.91). Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal fit of the B-PSQI (χ2(4) = 22.428; p < .01; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.99; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98; root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04), achieving partial scalar invariance across gender-same factorial structure, loadings, and thresholds in the majority of the items. Invariance across age was only achieved for model structure. Additionally, the B-PSQI yielded favorable sensitivity (75.82%) and specificity (76.99%) for classifying poor sleepers, similar to values for the full PSQI. In conclusion, the B-PSQI is a brief, reliable, and valid measure that can be used as a screening tool, allowing valid score comparisons between men and women of similar age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Sponges are a major component of benthic ecosystems across the world and fulfil a number of important functional roles. However, despite their importance, there have been few attempts to compare sponge assemblage structure and ecological functions across large spatial scales. In this review, we examine commonalities and differences between shallow water (<100 m) sponges at bioregional (15 bioregions) and macroregional (tropical, Mediterranean, temperate, and polar) scales, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of sponge ecology. Patterns of sponge abundance (based on density and area occupied) were highly variable, with an average benthic cover between ~1 and 30%. Sponges were generally found to occupy more space (percentage cover) in the Mediterranean and polar macroregions, compared to temperate and tropical macroregions, although sponge densities (sponges m -2 ) were highest in temperate bioregions. Mean species richness standardised by sampling area was similar across all bioregions, except for a few locations that supported very high small-scale biodiversity concentrations. Encrusting growth forms were generally the dominant sponge morphology, with the exception of the Tropical West Atlantic, where upright forms dominated. Annelids and Arthropods were the most commonly reported macrofauna associated with sponges across bioregions. With respect to reproduction, there were no patterns in gametic development (hermaphroditism versus gonochorism), although temperate, tropical, and polar macroregions had an increasingly higher percentage of viviparous species, respectively, with viviparity being the sole gamete development mechanism reported for polar sponges to date. Seasonal reproductive timing was the most common in all bioregions, but continuous timing was more common in the Mediterranean and tropical bioregions compared to polar and temperate bioregions. We found little variation across bioregions in larval size, and the dominant larval type across the globe was parenchymella. No pattens among bioregions were found in the limited information available for standardised respiration and pumping rates. Many organisms were found to predate sponges, with the abundance of sponge predators being higher in tropical systems. While there is some evidence to support a higher overall proportion of phototrophic species in the Tropical Austalian bioregion compared to the Western Atlantic, both also have large numbers of heterotrophic species. Sponges are important spatial competitors across all bioregions, most commonly being reported to interact with anthozoans and algae. Even though the available information was limited for many bioregions, our analyses demonstrate some differences in sponge traits and functions among bioregions, and among macroregions. However, we also identified similarities in sponge assemblage structure and function at global scales, likely reflecting a combination of regional- and local-scale biological and physical processes affecting sponge assemblages, along with common ancestry. Finally, we used our analyses to highlight geographic bias in past sponge research, and identify gaps in our understanding of sponge ecology globally. By so doing, we identified key areas for future research on sponge ecology. We hope that our study will help sponge researchers to consider bioregion-specific features of sponge assemblages and key sponge-mediated ecological processes from a global perspective., (© 2020 Cambridge Philosophical Society.)

The complete mitogenome of Thoosa mismalolli Carballo, Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004 (Tetractinellida, Thoosidae) was sequenced. This is the first complete mitogenome of the suborden Thoosina and the third Tetractinellid so far. The mitochondrial genome of T. mismalolli was assembled based on reads obtained with the Illumina HiSeq platform. The length of complete mitogenome is 19,019 bp long and contained 14 protein-coding genes and 23 tRNA, with two tRNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction (maximum-likelihood) based on mitogenome of Tetractinellids, supports T. mismalolli as a sister group. This result is congruent with those obtained with molecular markers (CO1, 18S, and 28S), supporting the monophyletic status of Thoosa and providing additional molecular data in favor of the suborder Thoosina., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Sponges are an important component of coral reef communities. The present study is the first devoted exclusively to coral reef sponges from Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Eighty-seven species were found, with assemblages dominated by very small cryptic patches and boring sponges such as Cliona vermifera; the most common species in ETP reefs. We compared the sponge patterns from ETP reefs, Caribbean reefs (CR) and West Pacific reefs (WPR), and all have in common that very few species dominate the sponge assemblages. However, they are massive or large sun exposed sponges in CR and WPR, and small encrusting and boring cryptic species in ETP. At a similar depth, CR and WPR had seven times more individuals per m 2 , and between four (CR) and five times (WPR) more species per m 2 than ETP. Perturbation, at local and large scale, rather than biological factors, seems to explain the low prevalence and characteristics of sponge assemblages in ETP reefs, which are very frequently located in shallow water where excessive turbulence, abrasion and high levels of damaging light occur. Other factors such as the recurrence of large-scale phenomena (mainly El Niño events), age of the reef (younger in ETP), isolation (higher in ETP), difficulty to gain recruits from distant areas (higher in ETP), are responsible for shaping ETP sponge communities. Such great differences in sponge fauna between the three basins might have consequences for coral reef structure and dynamics.

A new species of caprellid, Deutella mazatlanensis n. sp., is described from Mazatlán Bay, (east Pacific México). Deutella mazatlanensis was found associated with bryozoans, hydroids and sponges in shallow waters. The new species can be differentiated from the remaining species of the genus mainly by the dorsal, anteriorly directed projection on the head; the two dorsal projections and a lateral acute projection anteroventrally projected on pereonite 2 and gnathopod 2 in males. The presence of this species on the Mexican Pacific coast, constitutes the fourth report of Deutella genus for the Pacific Ocean and the first record from the tropical Eastern Pacific.

Background: The last version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes substantial changes for prescription opioid-use disorder (POUD). After its removal as a criterion, the goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms in long-term users of prescription opioids and its association with the new DSM-5 POUD classification., Methods: Data were collected from 215 long-term consumers of opioid medication who were chronic non-cancer pain patients. Participants completed sociodemographic, Adjective Rating Scale for Withdrawal (ARSW), opioid treatment characteristics, POUD criteria (DSM-5), and pain intensity measurements., Results: 26.6% of the participants were classified with moderate to severe POUD. Higher intensity of withdrawal symptoms was found in patients with moderate/severe POUD, younger age, and higher pain intensity (p < .01). Anxiolytics (p < .01) and antidepressants use (p < .05) and percentage of smokers (p < .05) were significantly higher in patients with severe withdrawal. Logistic regression analyses suggested moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 3.25] and severe (OR = 10.52) withdrawal as the strongest predictor of POUD. Age, anxiolytics use, and smoking were also associated with POUD, but multilevel analysis showed that these variables do not moderate the association between withdrawal intensity and POUD., Conclusion: Escalation of withdrawal intensity during opioid treatment can be used to identify patients with POUD. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings during long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. is a typical species of the genus Axinella in spiculation (oxeas and styles), skeletal arrangement (axial condensation from which radiate an extra-axial plumoreticulated skeleton), and external form (arborescent). The new species is orange, branching, up to 25 cm in height, and which usually live in soft bottoms. One of the most conspicuous characteristic of the new species is its aquiferous system, which is formed by a system of superficial canals and meandering ridges which run around the entire length of the branches. The species is compared with Axinella polycapella from Gulf of Mexico, which is very close in morphology, and which it shares a high similarity in the 18S ribosomal RNA region. It was also compared with Axinella aruensis, a very different species from a morphological point of view, which is distributed throughout the northern Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea as both species share a high similarity in the COI mitochondrial gene region. The new species was included in the clade named Axinella by Gazave et al. (2010) for 18S and COI, where also are included eight Axinella-species. Species in this clade are typically arborescent with a choanosomal skeleton differentiated between axial and extra-axial regions. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. constitute the first record of an Axinella for the east Pacific coast.

Excavating sponges are one of the main groups of bioeroders in coral reefs. Their diversity has been thoroughly studied in some regions: in the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and the Indo-Pacific, including the Mexican Pacific. However, there is a lack of information from the Pacific of Central America, with only a few records from Panama and Costa Rica. This study provides additional distributional records and taxonomic descriptions of species collected between 2011 and 2016 at nine localities along the Pacific coast of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. A total of fourteen species of excavating sponges from three orders, three families, and five genera are considered valid in this area. Nine are new records for Central America, six are new records for El Salvador, three are new records for Nicaragua and eleven are new records for Costa Rica. The species collected from Panama were already recorded before. The species here described are Cliona amplicavata, Cliona californiana, Cliona euryphylle, Cliona microstrongylata, Cliona aff. mucronata, Cliona pocillopora, Cliona tropicalis, Cliona vermifera, Cliothosa tylostrongylata, Pione cf. carpenteri, Pione mazatlanensis, Thoosa calpulli, Thoosa mismalolli and Siphonodictyon crypticum. We also reviewed the literature related to excavating sponges from Central America, and the taxonomic status of respective species was updated. We provide a faunistic record of 14 excavating sponge species for Central America. Our data are expected to be useful for management and conservation purposes.

Objectives: To analyse the prevalence in the use and dependence on opioid drugs in the Spanish population with chronic pain and evaluate the differences according to sex., Patients and Methods: The demographic variables, opioid treatment characteristics and use of other substances were assessed in 229 users of opioid drugs. A descriptive bivariate analysis of the data was performed., Results: Forty-six percent of the patients met the criteria of dependence on opioid drugs (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition [DSM-IV-TR]). Alcohol and cannabis consumption was greater in the men. The rates of dependence on the use of opioid drugs were significantly higher in the extended treatments., Conclusions: Planning for treatments with opioids and strategies for preventing inappropriate use should not depend on the patient's sex. We need further studies on the medical and psychological variables related to the use of and dependence on opioids., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Delay Discounting (DD) and the Stroop test are two fundamental tasks for the assessment of impulsivity and inhibitory control, core features of several behavioral disorders. Although the study of reliability and temporal stability is important, only studies with adults and small samples have been carried out. The aim of this study is to assess the one-year reliability and temporal stability of both tasks among adolescents. A total of 1375 adolescents (M = 13.08 years old, SD = 0.51) made up the final sample (53.5% males). The results showed moderate stability and good reliability for both DD (α = 0.90) and Stroop (α = 0.85). Indices based on the reaction times and not the number of errors are recommended when using the Stroop test. These results support the use of both behavioral tasks in longitudinal research among adolescents., (Copyright © 2017 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Due to the lack of studies in the Spanish population, this study aims to analyze the barriers perceived by health professionals from different Spanish health centers when attempting to identify and treat problem drinkers and the importance given to this aspect, as well as analyzing the possible differences as a function of the professionals' health teams. We also analyze the psychometric properties of the questionnaire used to assess these barriers., Method: The participants included 107 health professionals: 62.7% belonged to the medical team and 32.4% to the nursing team. After we had reviewed previous studies, collecting the main barriers referred to in them, participants completed an ad hoc questionnaire., Results: The main barriers found were the belief that patients will lie about their actual consumption and will not identify its negative consequences, and the belief that they will reject participating in an intervention for their alcohol consumption. No significant differences between doctors and nurses were found in any of the barriers assessed. The results provide empirical evidence of the reliability of the test for the assessment by both teams of professionals., Conclusions: Studies are needed to examine in greater depth these conclusions, extending the number of variables studied to determine a more complete profile of the health professionals who are reluctant to incorporate the assessment and treatment of problem drinkers in their consultation. This could help to improve the design of programs to facilitate and encourage its implementation in primary care., (Copyright © 2016 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)