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1. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Author

Crous, PW, Lombard, L, Sandoval-Denis, M, Seifert, KA, Schroers, H-J, Chaverri, P, Gené, J, Guarro, J, Hirooka, Y, Bensch, K, Kema, GHJ, Lamprecht, SC, Cai, L, Rossman, AY, Stadler, M, Summerbell, RC, Taylor, JW, Ploch, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Frisvad, JC, Abdel-Azeem, AM, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abdolrasouli, A, Akulov, A, Alberts, JF, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Bakhshi, M, Bendiksby, M, Ben Hadj Amor, A, Bezerra, JDP, Boekhout, T, Câmara, MPS, Carbia, M, Cardinali, G, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Celis, A, Chaturvedi, V, Collemare, J, Croll, D, Damm, U, Decock, CA, de Vries, RP, Ezekiel, CN, Fan, XL, Fernández, NB, Gaya, E, González, CD, Gramaje, D, Groenewald, JZ, Grube, M, Guevara-Suarez, M, Gupta, VK, Guarnaccia, V, Haddaji, A, Hagen, F, Haelewaters, D, Hansen, K, Hashimoto, A, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Houbraken, J, Hubka, V, Hyde, KD, Iturriaga, T, Jeewon, R, Johnston, PR, Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, I, Korsten, L, Kuramae, EE, Kušan, I, Labuda, R, Lawrence, DP, Lee, HB, Lechat, C, Li, HY, Litovka, YA, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marin-Felix, Y, Matio Kemkuignou, B, Matočec, N, McTaggart, AR, Mlčoch, P, Mugnai, L, Nakashima, C, Nilsson, RH, Noumeur, SR, Pavlov, IN, Peralta, MP, Phillips, AJL, Pitt, JI, Polizzi, G, Quaedvlieg, W, Rajeshkumar, KC, Restrepo, S, Rhaiem, A, Robert, J, Robert, V, and Rodrigues, AM

Subjects
Apiognomonia platani (Lév.) L. Lombard, Atractium ciliatum Link, Atractium pallidum Bonord., Calloria tremelloides (Grev.) L. Lombard, Cephalosporium sacchari E.J. Butler, Cosmosporella cavisperma (Corda) Sand.-Den., L. Lombard & Crous, Cylindrodendrum orthosporum (Sacc. & P. Syd.) L. Lombard, Dialonectria volutella (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Fusarium aeruginosum Delacr., Fusarium agaricorum Sarrazin, Fusarium albidoviolaceum Dasz., Fusarium aleyrodis Petch, Fusarium amentorum Lacroix, Fusarium annuum Leonian, Fusarium arcuatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Fusarium aridum O.A. Pratt, Fusarium armeniacum (G.A. Forbes et al.) L.W. Burgess & Summerell, Fusarium arthrosporioides Sherb., Fusarium asparagi Delacr., Fusarium batatas Wollenw., Fusarium biforme Sherb., Fusarium buharicum Jacz. ex Babajan & Teterevn.-Babajan, Fusarium cactacearum Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav., Fusarium cacti-maxonii Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav., Fusarium caudatum Wollenw., Fusarium cavispermum Corda, Fusarium cepae Hanzawa, Fusarium cesatii Rabenh., Fusarium citriforme Jamal., Fusarium citrinum Wollenw., Fusarium citrulli Taubenh., Fusarium clavatum Sherb., Fusarium coccinellum Kalchbr., Fusarium cromyophthoron Sideris, Fusarium cucurbitae Taubenh., Fusarium cuneiforme Sherb., Fusarium delacroixii Sacc., Fusarium dimerum var. nectrioides Wollenw., Fusarium echinatum Sand.-Den. & G.J. Marais, Fusarium epicoccum McAlpine, Fusarium eucheliae Sartory, R. Sartory & J. Mey., Fusarium fissum Peyl, Fusarium flocciferum Corda, Fusarium gemmiperda Aderh., Fusarium genevense Dasz., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium graminum Corda, Fusarium heterosporioides Fautrey, Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees, Fusarium idahoanum O.A. Pratt, Fusarium juruanum Henn., Fusarium lanceolatum O.A. Pratt, Fusarium lateritium Nees, Fusarium loncheceras Sideris, Fusarium longipes Wollenw. & Reinking, Fusarium lyarnte J.L. Walsh, Sangal., L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & Summerell, Fusarium malvacearum Taubenh., Fusarium martii f. phaseoli Burkh., Fusarium muentzii Delacr., Fusarium nigrum O.A. Pratt, Fusarium oxysporum var. asclerotium Sherb., Fusarium palczewskii Jacz., Fusarium palustre W.H. Elmer & Marra, Fusarium polymorphum Matr., Fusarium poolense Taubenh., Fusarium prieskaense G.J. Marais & Sand.-Den., Fusarium prunorum McAlpine, Fusarium pusillum Wollenw., Fusarium putrefaciens Osterw., Fusarium redolens Wollenw., Fusarium reticulatum Mont., Fusarium rhizochromatistes Sideris, Fusarium rhizophilum Corda, Fusarium rhodellum McAlpine, Fusarium roesleri Thüm., Fusarium rostratum Appel & Wollenw., Fusarium rubiginosum Appel & Wollenw., Fusarium rubrum Parav., Fusarium samoense Gehrm., Fusarium scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey, Fusarium secalis Jacz., Fusarium spinaciae Hungerf., Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., Fusarium stercoris Fuckel, Fusarium stilboides Wollenw., Fusarium stillatum De Not. ex Sacc., Fusarium sublunatum Reinking, Fusarium succisae Schröt. ex Sacc., Fusarium tabacivorum Delacr., Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw., Fusarium tritici Liebman, Fusarium tuberivorum Wilcox & G.K. Link, Fusarium tumidum var. humi Reinking, Fusarium ustilaginis Kellerm. & Swingle, Fusarium viticola Thüm., Fusarium werrikimbe J.L. Walsh, L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & B.A. Summerell, Fusarium willkommii Lindau, Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert, Fusarium zygopetali Delacr., Fusicolla meniscoidea L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Fusicolla quarantenae J.D.P. Bezerra, Sand.-Den., Crous & Souza-Motta, Fusicolla sporellula Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard, Fusisporium andropogonis Cooke ex Thüm., Fusisporium anthophilum A. Braun, Fusisporium arundinis Corda, Fusisporium avenaceum Fr., Fusisporium clypeaster Corda, Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm., Fusisporium didymum Harting, Fusisporium elasticae Thüm., Fusisporium episphaericum Cooke & Ellis, Fusisporium flavidum Bonord., Fusisporium hordei Wm.G. Sm., Fusisporium incarnatum Roberge ex Desm., Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm., Fusisporium pandani Corda, Gibberella phyllostachydicola W. Yamam., Hymenella aurea (Corda) L. Lombard, Hymenella spermogoniopsis (Jul. Müll.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Luteonectria Sand.-Den., L. Lombard, Schroers & Rossman, Luteonectria albida (Rossman) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard, Luteonectria nematophila (Nirenberg & Hagedorn) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard, Macroconia bulbipes Crous & Sand.-Den., Macroconia phlogioides Sand.-Den. & Crous, Menispora penicillata Harz, Multi-gene phylogeny, Mycotoxins, Nectriaceae, Neocosmospora, Neocosmospora epipeda Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora floridana (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora merkxiana Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora neerlandica Crous & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora nelsonii Crous & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora obliquiseptata (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora pseudopisi Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard, Neocosmospora rekana (Lynn & Marinc.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Neocosmospora tuaranensis (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den., Nothofusarium Crous, Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard, Nothofusarium devonianum L. Lombard, Crous & Sand.-Den., Novel taxa, Pathogen, Scolecofusarium L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous, Scolecofusarium ciliatum (Link) L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous, Selenosporium equiseti Corda, Selenosporium hippocastani Corda, Selenosporium sarcochroum Desm, Selenosporium urticearum Corda., Setofusarium (Nirenberg & Samuels) Crous & Sand.-Den., Setofusarium setosum (Samuels & Nirenberg) Sand.-Den. & Crous., Sphaeria sanguinea var. cicatricum Berk., Sporotrichum poae Peck., Stylonectria corniculata Gräfenhan, Crous & Sand.-Den., Stylonectria hetmanica Akulov, Crous & Sand.-Den., Taxonomy, Mycology & Parasitology, Microbiology
Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).

Published
2021

2. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In

Published
2021

3. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.

Published
2021

4. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., Thines, M., Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., and Thines, M.

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th

Published
2021

5. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Crous, P. W.; Lombard, L.; Sandoval-Denis, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Schroers, H-J; Chaverri, P.; Gene, J.; Guarro, J.; Hirooka, Y.; Bensch, K.; Kema, G. H. J.; Lamprecht, S. C.; Cai, L.; Rossman, A. Y.; Stadler, M.; Summerbell, R. C.; Taylor, J. W.; Ploch, S.; Visagie, C. M.; Yilmaz, N.; Frisvad, J. C.; Abdel-Azeem, A. M.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Abdolrasouli, A.; Akulov, A.; Alberts, J. F.; Araujo, J. P. M.; Ariyawansa, H. A.; Bakhshi, M.; Bendiksby, M.; Amor, A. Ben Hadj; Bezerra, J. D. P.; Boekhout, T.; Camara, M. P. S.; Carbia, M.; Cardinali, G.; Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Celis, A.; Chaturvedi, V; Collemare, J.; Croll, D.; Damm, U.; Decock, C. A.; de Vries, R. P.; Ezekiel, C. N.; Fan, X. L.; Fernandez, N. B.; Gaya, E.; Gonzalez, C. D.; Gramaje, D.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Grube, M.; Guevara-Suarez, M.; Gupta, V. K.; Guarnaccia, V; Haddaji, A.; Hagen, F.; Haelewaters, D.; Hansen, K.; Hashimoto, A.; Hernandez-Restrepo, M.; Houbraken, J.; Hubka, V; Hyde, K. D.; Iturriaga, T.; Jeewon, R.; Johnston, P. R.; Jurjevic, Z.; Karalti, I; Korsten, L.; Kuramae, E. E.; Kusan, I; Labuda, R.; Lawrence, D. P.; Lee, H. B.; Lechat, C.; Li, H. Y.; Litovka, Y. A.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N.; Marin-Felix, Y.; Kemkuignou, B. Matio; Matocec, N.; McTaggart, A. R.; Mlcoch, P.; Mugnai, L.; Nakashima, C.; Nilsson, R. H.; Noumeur, S. R.; Pavlov, I. N.; Peralta, M. P.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Pitt, J., I; Polizzi, G.; Quaedvlieg, W.; Rajeshkumar, K. C.; Restrepo, S.; Rhaiem, A.; Robert, J.; Robert, V; Rodrigues, A. M.; Salgado-Salazar, C.; Samson, R. A.; Santos, A. C. S.; Shivas, R. G.; Souza-Motta, C. M.; Sun, G. Y.; Swart, W. J.; Szoke, S.; Tan, Y. P.; Taylor, J. E.; Taylor, P. W. J.; Tiago, P., V; Vaczy, K. Z.; van de Wiele, N.; van der Merwe, N. A.; Verkley, G. J. M.; Vieira, W. A. S.; Vizzini, A.; Weir, B. S., Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Crous, P. W.; Lombard, L.; Sandoval-Denis, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Schroers, H-J; Chaverri, P.; Gene, J.; Guarro, J.; Hirooka, Y.; Bensch, K.; Kema, G. H. J.; Lamprecht, S. C.; Cai, L.; Rossman, A. Y.; Stadler, M.; Summerbell, R. C.; Taylor, J. W.; Ploch, S.; Visagie, C. M.; Yilmaz, N.; Frisvad, J. C.; Abdel-Azeem, A. M.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Abdolrasouli, A.; Akulov, A.; Alberts, J. F.; Araujo, J. P. M.; Ariyawansa, H. A.; Bakhshi, M.; Bendiksby, M.; Amor, A. Ben Hadj; Bezerra, J. D. P.; Boekhout, T.; Camara, M. P. S.; Carbia, M.; Cardinali, G.; Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Celis, A.; Chaturvedi, V; Collemare, J.; Croll, D.; Damm, U.; Decock, C. A.; de Vries, R. P.; Ezekiel, C. N.; Fan, X. L.; Fernandez, N. B.; Gaya, E.; Gonzalez, C. D.; Gramaje, D.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Grube, M.; Guevara-Suarez, M.; Gupta, V. K.; Guarnaccia, V; Haddaji, A.; Hagen, F.; Haelewaters, D.; Hansen, K.; Hashimoto, A.; Hernandez-Restrepo, M.; Houbraken, J.; Hubka, V; Hyde, K. D.; Iturriaga, T.; Jeewon, R.; Johnston, P. R.; Jurjevic, Z.; Karalti, I; Korsten, L.; Kuramae, E. E.; Kusan, I; Labuda, R.; Lawrence, D. P.; Lee, H. B.; Lechat, C.; Li, H. Y.; Litovka, Y. A.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N.; Marin-Felix, Y.; Kemkuignou, B. Matio; Matocec, N.; McTaggart, A. R.; Mlcoch, P.; Mugnai, L.; Nakashima, C.; Nilsson, R. H.; Noumeur, S. R.; Pavlov, I. N.; Peralta, M. P.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Pitt, J., I; Polizzi, G.; Quaedvlieg, W.; Rajeshkumar, K. C.; Restrepo, S.; Rhaiem, A.; Robert, J.; Robert, V; Rodrigues, A. M.; Salgado-Salazar, C.; Samson, R. A.; Santos, A. C. S.; Shivas, R. G.; Souza-Motta, C. M.; Sun, G. Y.; Swart, W. J.; Szoke, S.; Tan, Y. P.; Taylor, J. E.; Taylor, P. W. J.; Tiago, P., V; Vaczy, K. Z.; van de Wiele, N.; van der Merwe, N. A.; Verkley, G. J. M.; Vieira, W. A. S.; Vizzini, A.; Weir, B. S.

Abstract

Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; 20Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; 21Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 22Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran; 23Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK;24Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK;25Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 26Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; 27School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; 28Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC

Published
2021

6. Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

Author

Hagen, F., Lumbsch, H.T., Arsenijevic, V.A., Badali, H., Bertout, S., Billmyre, R.B., Bragulat, M.R., Cabanes, F.J., Carbia, M., Chakrabarti, A, Chaturvedi, S., Chaturvedi, V., Chen, M., Chowdhary, A., Colom, M.F., Cornely, O.A., Crous, P.W., Cuetara, M.S., Diaz, M.R., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fakhim, H., Falk, R., Fang, W., Herkert, P.F., Rodriguez, C., Fraser, J.A., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Idnurm, A., Illnait-Zaragozi, M.T., Khan, Z., Khayhan, K., Kolecka, A., Kurtzman, C.P., Lagrou, K., Liao, W., Linares, C., Meis, J.F.G.M., Nielsen, K., Nyazika, T.K., Pan, W., Pekmezovic, M., Polacheck, I., Posteraro, B., Queiroz Telles, F.F. de, Romeo, O., Sanchez, M., Sampaio, A., Sanguinetti, M., Sriburee, P., Sugita, T., Taj-Aldeen, S.J., Takashima, M., Taylor, J.W., Theelen, B., Tomazin, R., Verweij, P.E., Wahyuningsih, R., Wang, P., Boekhout, T., Hagen, F., Lumbsch, H.T., Arsenijevic, V.A., Badali, H., Bertout, S., Billmyre, R.B., Bragulat, M.R., Cabanes, F.J., Carbia, M., Chakrabarti, A, Chaturvedi, S., Chaturvedi, V., Chen, M., Chowdhary, A., Colom, M.F., Cornely, O.A., Crous, P.W., Cuetara, M.S., Diaz, M.R., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fakhim, H., Falk, R., Fang, W., Herkert, P.F., Rodriguez, C., Fraser, J.A., Gene, J., Guarro, J., Idnurm, A., Illnait-Zaragozi, M.T., Khan, Z., Khayhan, K., Kolecka, A., Kurtzman, C.P., Lagrou, K., Liao, W., Linares, C., Meis, J.F.G.M., Nielsen, K., Nyazika, T.K., Pan, W., Pekmezovic, M., Polacheck, I., Posteraro, B., Queiroz Telles, F.F. de, Romeo, O., Sanchez, M., Sampaio, A., Sanguinetti, M., Sriburee, P., Sugita, T., Taj-Aldeen, S.J., Takashima, M., Taylor, J.W., Theelen, B., Tomazin, R., Verweij, P.E., Wahyuningsih, R., Wang, P., and Boekhout, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 177602.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017

7. Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

Author

Lorenz, M, Hagen, F, Lumbsch, HT, Arsenijevic, VA, Badali, H, Bertout, S, Billmyre, RB, Rosa Bragulat, M, Javier Cabanes, F, Carbia, M, Chakrabarti, A, Chaturvedi, S, Chaturvedi, V, Chen, M, Chowdhary, A, Colom, M-F, Cornely, OA, Crous, PW, Cuetara, MS, Diaz, MR, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fakhim, H, Falk, R, Fang, W, Herkert, PF, Ferrer Rodriguez, C, Fraser, JA, Gene, J, Guarro, J, Idnurm, A, Illnait-Zaragozi, M-T, Khan, Z, Khayhan, K, Kolecka, A, Kurtzman, CP, Lagrou, K, Liao, W, Linares, C, Meis, JF, Nielsen, K, Nyazika, TK, Pan, W, Pekmezovic, M, Polacheck, I, Posteraro, B, Telles Filho, FDQ, Romeo, O, Sanchez, M, Sampaio, A, Sanguinetti, M, Sriburee, P, Sugita, T, Taj-Aldeen, SJ, Takashima, M, Taylor, JW, Theelen, B, Tomazin, R, Verweij, PE, Wahyuningsih, R, Wang, P, Boekhoutiii, T, Lorenz, M, Hagen, F, Lumbsch, HT, Arsenijevic, VA, Badali, H, Bertout, S, Billmyre, RB, Rosa Bragulat, M, Javier Cabanes, F, Carbia, M, Chakrabarti, A, Chaturvedi, S, Chaturvedi, V, Chen, M, Chowdhary, A, Colom, M-F, Cornely, OA, Crous, PW, Cuetara, MS, Diaz, MR, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fakhim, H, Falk, R, Fang, W, Herkert, PF, Ferrer Rodriguez, C, Fraser, JA, Gene, J, Guarro, J, Idnurm, A, Illnait-Zaragozi, M-T, Khan, Z, Khayhan, K, Kolecka, A, Kurtzman, CP, Lagrou, K, Liao, W, Linares, C, Meis, JF, Nielsen, K, Nyazika, TK, Pan, W, Pekmezovic, M, Polacheck, I, Posteraro, B, Telles Filho, FDQ, Romeo, O, Sanchez, M, Sampaio, A, Sanguinetti, M, Sriburee, P, Sugita, T, Taj-Aldeen, SJ, Takashima, M, Taylor, JW, Theelen, B, Tomazin, R, Verweij, PE, Wahyuningsih, R, Wang, P, and Boekhoutiii, T

Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017

8. Importance of resolving fungal nomenclature: the case of multiple pathogenic species in the Cryptococcus genus

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hagen F, Lumbsch H, Arsenijevic V, Badali H, Bertout S, Billmyre R, Bragulat M, Cabañes F, Carbia M, Chakrabarti A, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V, Chen M, Chowdhary A, Colom M, Cornely O, Crous P, Cuétara M, Diaz M, Espinel-Ingroff A, Fakhim H, Falk R, Fang W, Herkert P, Rodríguez C, Fraser J, Gené J, Guarro J, Idnurm A, Illnait-Zaragozi M, Khan Z, Khayhan K, Kolecka A, Kurtzman C, Lagrou K, Liao W, Linares C, Meis J, Nielsen K, Nyazika T, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hagen F, Lumbsch H, Arsenijevic V, Badali H, Bertout S, Billmyre R, Bragulat M, Cabañes F, Carbia M, Chakrabarti A, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V, Chen M, Chowdhary A, Colom M, Cornely O, Crous P, Cuétara M, Diaz M, Espinel-Ingroff A, Fakhim H, Falk R, Fang W, Herkert P, Rodríguez C, Fraser J, Gené J, Guarro J, Idnurm A, Illnait-Zaragozi M, Khan Z, Khayhan K, Kolecka A, Kurtzman C, Lagrou K, Liao W, Linares C, Meis J, Nielsen K, Nyazika T

Abstract

© 2017 Hagen et al. Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi .org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature C. neoformans species complex and C. gattii species complex. Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017

11. Study of Candidemia and its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile at the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay.

Author

Carbia M, Medina V, Bustillo C, Martínez C, González MP, and Ballesté R

Subjects
Humans, Fluconazole pharmacology, Uruguay epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Candida, Candida glabrata, Hospitals, University, Candida parapsilosis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Candidemia drug therapy, Candidemia epidemiology, Candidemia microbiology
Abstract

Systemic candidiasis are high mortality infections caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, affecting patients with numerous risk factors. Nowadays, candidemia produced by "non-albicans" species has increased considerably. Timely diagnosis and subsequent treatment substantially improve patients' survival. Our objectives are to study the frequency, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of candidemia isolates in our hospital. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Positive blood cultures were recorded from January 2018 to December 2021. Positive Candida genus blood cultures were selected, classified, and analyzed on their susceptibility profile for amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin using AST-YS08® card for VITEK 2 Compact® to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and CLSI M60 2020 2nd Edition to determine breakpoints. 3862 positive blood cultures were obtained, 113 (2.93%) presented growth of Candida spp., corresponding to 58 patients. 55.2% came from the Hospitalization Ward and Emergency Services and 44.8% from the Intensive Care Unit. The species were distributed as follows: Nakaseomyces glabratus (Candida glabrata) (32.74%), Candida albicans (27.43%), Candida parapsilosis (23.01%), Candida tropicalis (7.08%) and others (9.73%). Most species were found to be susceptible to most antifungals, except for C. parapsilosis, presenting 4 isolates with resistance to fluconazole and N. glabratus (C. glabrata), whose clinical susceptibility data remains insufficient to provide accurate breakpoints. The percentage of recorded positive blood cultures of Candida spp. was 2.93%, these results were consistent with those reported at a regional level. A predominance of "non-albicans" species was observed. It is essential to know the prevalence, epidemiology, and susceptibility profiles of candidemia in our country, as well as being updated on its subsequent changes, maintaining epidemiological surveillance. This allows professionals to map out early and effective therapeutic strategies, staying alert of possible multi-resistant strains., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Published
2023
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12. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Uruguay.

Author

Cabeza E, Arrillaga A, Dalcín L, Carbia M, Arteta Z, and Perera P

Abstract

Background: Sporotrichosis is a fungal implantation disease of subacute/ chronic course caused by species of the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp. This infection usually develops after traumatic inoculation of contaminated soil, plants or organic material contaminated by Sporothrix spp. conidia into skin or mucosa. The objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of sporotrichosis in Uruguay by providing a report of a series of cases diagnosed in a reference center., Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed in the last 38 years., Results: In the period analyzed, 157 cases of sporotrichosis were diagnosed, 152 of those corresponded to male patients. The most frequent clinical presentation was nodular lymphatic in 120 patients. In relation to epidemiological antecedents, 128 patients had been scratched by armadillos during hunting., Conclusions: Sporotrichosis in Uruguay is a sporadic disease with a clear seasonal pattern related to particular social practices, such as hunting armadillos. Related to this practice, the affectation is greater in males and in young adults.

Published
2022
Full Text
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13. Performance of Two Novel Chromogenic Media for the Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Compared with Other Commercially Available Formulations.

Author

de Jong AW, Dieleman C, Carbia M, Mohd Tap R, and Hagen F

Subjects
Culture Media, Humans, Saccharomycetales, Species Specificity, Candida, Chromogenic Compounds
Abstract

Non- albicans Candida species are emerging in the nosocomial environment, with the multidrug-resistant (MDR) species Candida auris being the most notorious example. Consequently, rapid and accurate species identification has become essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate five commercially available chromogenic media for the presumptive identification of C. auris Two novel chromogenic formulations, CHROMagar Candida Plus (CHROMagar) and HiCrome C. auris MDR selective agar (HiMedia), and three reference media, CandiSelect (Bio-Rad), CHROMagar Candida (CHROMagar), and Chromatic Candida (Liofilchem), were inoculated with a collection of 9 genetically diverse C. auris strains and 35 strains from closely related comparator species. After 48 h of incubation, the media were evaluated for their ability to detect and identify C. auris All media had the same limitations in the differentiation of the more common species Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata Only on CHROMagar Candida Plus did C. auris colonies develop a species-specific coloration. Nevertheless, the closely related pathogenic species Candida pseudohaemulonii and Candida vulturna developed a similar appearance as C. auris on this medium. CHROMagar Candida Plus was shown to be superior in the detection and identification of C. auris , with 100% inclusivity for C. auris compared to 0% and 33% for the reference media and HiCrome C. auris MDR selective agar, respectively. Although C. vulturna and C. pseudohaemulonii can cause false positives, CHROMagar Candida Plus was shown to be a valuable addition to the plethora of mostly molecular methods for C. auris detection and identification., (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology.)

Published
2021
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14. Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus.

Author

Hagen F, Lumbsch HT, Arsic Arsenijevic V, Badali H, Bertout S, Billmyre RB, Bragulat MR, Cabañes FJ, Carbia M, Chakrabarti A, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V, Chen M, Chowdhary A, Colom MF, Cornely OA, Crous PW, Cuétara MS, Diaz MR, Espinel-Ingroff A, Fakhim H, Falk R, Fang W, Herkert PF, Ferrer Rodríguez C, Fraser JA, Gené J, Guarro J, Idnurm A, Illnait-Zaragozi MT, Khan Z, Khayhan K, Kolecka A, Kurtzman CP, Lagrou K, Liao W, Linares C, Meis JF, Nielsen K, Nyazika TK, Pan W, Pekmezovic M, Polacheck I, Posteraro B, de Queiroz Telles F Filho, Romeo O, Sánchez M, Sampaio A, Sanguinetti M, Sriburee P, Sugita T, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Takashima M, Taylor JW, Theelen B, Tomazin R, Verweij PE, Wahyuningsih R, Wang P, and Boekhout T

Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii . In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature " C. neoformans species complex" and " C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017
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15. [Characterisation of Cryptococcus isolates in Uruguay].

Author

Carbia M, Perera P, Arteta Z, Cabeza E, Ballesté R, and Gezuele E

Subjects
Comorbidity, Cryptococcosis epidemiology, Cryptococcosis immunology, Cryptococcus classification, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification, HIV Infections epidemiology, Humans, Immunocompetence, Immunocompromised Host, Retrospective Studies, Species Specificity, Uruguay epidemiology, Cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus isolation & purification
Published
2017
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16. Serologic response to inactivated poliovirus vaccine: a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 vaccination schedules in Puerto Rico.

Author

Dayan GH, Thorley M, Yamamura Y, Rodríguez N, McLaughlin S, Torres LM, Seda A, Carbia M, Alexander LN, Caceres V, and Pallansch MA

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Female, Humans, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired immunology, Infant, Male, Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated administration & dosage, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral administration & dosage, Puerto Rico, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Viral blood, Immunization Schedule, Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated immunology, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral immunology
Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the discontinuation of oral poliovirus vaccine after eradication of wild poliovirus. Studies assessing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) immunogenicity in tropical countries, using the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule, have been limited., Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Infants were assigned to 1 of 2 study arms: those in the EPI arm received IPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age, and those in the US arm received IPV at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were tested on serum specimens obtained before administration of the first dose of IPV and 28-45 days after administration of the last dose of IPV., Results: Seroconversion rates for the EPI (n=225) and US (n=230) arms, respectively, were 85.8% and 99.6% for poliovirus type 1 (P<.001), 86.2% and 100% for poliovirus type 2 (P<.001), and 96.9% and 99.1% for poliovirus type 3 (P=.08). Seroconversion rates were lower among infants in the EPI arm who had high maternal antibody levels for all 3 poliovirus types (P<.001)., Conclusions: The EPI schedule resulted in lower seroconversion rates for poliovirus types 1 and 2. These results are relevant for tropical countries planning to use IPV in a posteradication environment.

Published
2007
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