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5. Best practices, errors, and perspectives of half a century of plant translocation in Italy

Author

D'Agostino, M, Cao Pinna, L, Carboni, M, Assini, S, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Brancaleoni, L, Buldrini, F, Carta, A, Cerabolini, B, Ceriani, R, Clementi, U, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Crosti, R, Cuena-Lombrana, A, De Vitis, M, Di Giustino, A, Fabrini, G, Farris, E, Fenu, G, Fiorentin, R, Foggi, B, Forte, L, Garfi, G, Gentili, R, Giusso Del Galdo, G, Martinelli, V, Medagli, P, Nonis, D, Orsenigo, S, Paoli, L, Pierce, S, Pinna, M, Rainini, F, Ravera, S, Rossi, G, Schettino, A, Schicchi, R, Troia, A, Varone, L, Zappa, E, Abeli, T, D'Agostino M., Cao Pinna L., Carboni M., Assini S., Bacchetta G., Bartolucci F., Brancaleoni L., Buldrini F., Carta A., Cerabolini B., Ceriani R. M., Clementi U., Cogoni D., Conti F., Crosti R., Cuena-Lombrana A., De Vitis M., Di Giustino A., Fabrini G., Farris E., Fenu G., Fiorentin R., Foggi B., Forte L., Garfi G., Gentili R., Giusso Del Galdo G. P., Martinelli V., Medagli P., Nonis D., Orsenigo S., Paoli L., Pierce S., Pinna M. S., Rainini F., Ravera S., Rossi G., Schettino A., Schicchi R., Troia A., Varone L., Zappa E., Abeli T., D'Agostino, M, Cao Pinna, L, Carboni, M, Assini, S, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Brancaleoni, L, Buldrini, F, Carta, A, Cerabolini, B, Ceriani, R, Clementi, U, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Crosti, R, Cuena-Lombrana, A, De Vitis, M, Di Giustino, A, Fabrini, G, Farris, E, Fenu, G, Fiorentin, R, Foggi, B, Forte, L, Garfi, G, Gentili, R, Giusso Del Galdo, G, Martinelli, V, Medagli, P, Nonis, D, Orsenigo, S, Paoli, L, Pierce, S, Pinna, M, Rainini, F, Ravera, S, Rossi, G, Schettino, A, Schicchi, R, Troia, A, Varone, L, Zappa, E, Abeli, T, D'Agostino M., Cao Pinna L., Carboni M., Assini S., Bacchetta G., Bartolucci F., Brancaleoni L., Buldrini F., Carta A., Cerabolini B., Ceriani R. M., Clementi U., Cogoni D., Conti F., Crosti R., Cuena-Lombrana A., De Vitis M., Di Giustino A., Fabrini G., Farris E., Fenu G., Fiorentin R., Foggi B., Forte L., Garfi G., Gentili R., Giusso Del Galdo G. P., Martinelli V., Medagli P., Nonis D., Orsenigo S., Paoli L., Pierce S., Pinna M. S., Rainini F., Ravera S., Rossi G., Schettino A., Schicchi R., Troia A., Varone L., Zappa E., and Abeli T.

Abstract

Conservation translocations are becoming common conservation practice, so there is an increasing need to understand the drivers of plant translocation performance through reviews of cases at global and regional levels. The establishment of the Italian Database of Plant Translocation (IDPlanT) provides the opportunity to review the techniques used in 186 plant translocation cases performed in the last 50 years in the heart of the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. We described techniques and information available in IDPlanT and used these data to identify drivers of translocation outcomes. We tested the effect of 15 variables on survival of translocated propagules as of the last monitoring date with binomial logistic mixed-effect models. Eleven variables significantly affected survival of transplants: life form, site protection, material source, number of source populations, propagation methods, propagule life stage, planting methods, habitat suitability assessment, site preparation, aftercare, and costs. The integration of vegetation studies in the selection of suitable planting sites significantly increased the success of translocation efforts. Although posttranslocation watering had a generally positive effect on translocation outcome, other aftercare techniques did not always increase transplant survival. Finally, we found that how funds were spent appeared to be more important than the actual amount spent. Plant translocations in Italy and in the Mediterranean area should account for the complexity of speciation, gene flow, and plant migrations that has led to local adaptations and has important implications for the choice and constitution of source material.

Published
2024

17. The FLUKA code: present applications and future developments

Author

Fasso', A., Ferrari, A., Roesler, S., Ranft, J., Sala, P. R., Battistoni, G., Campanella, M., Cerutti, F., De Biaggi, L., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M. V., Ballarini, F., Ottolenghi, A., Scannicchio, D., Carboni, M., Pelliccioni, M., Villari, R., Andersen, V., Empl, A., Lee, K., Pinsky, L., Wilson, T. N., and Zapp, N.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The main features of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, which can deal with transport and interaction of electromagnetic and hadronic particles, are summarised. The physical models embedded in FLUKA are mentioned, as well as examples of benchmarking against experimental data. A short history of the code is provided and the following examples of applications are discussed in detail: prediction of calorimetric performances, atmospheric neutrino flux calculations, dosimetry in atmosphere and radiobiology applications, including hadrontherapy and space radiation protection. Finally a few lines are dedicated to the FLUKA server, from which the code can be downloaded., Comment: talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 8 pages, pdf

Published
2003

19. Monte Carlo Study of the Arrival Time Distribution of Particles in Extensive Air Showers in the Energy Range 1--100 TeV

Author

Battistoni, G., Carboni, M., Ferrari, A., and Patera, V.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A detailed simulation of vertical showers in atmosphere produced by primary gammas and protons, in the energy range 1-100 TeV, has been performed by means of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, with the aim of studying the time structure of the shower front at different detector heights. It turns out that the time delay distribution can be fitted using few parameters coincident with the distribution central moments. Such parameters exhibit a smooth behaviour as a function of energy. These results can be used both for detector design and for the interpretation of the existing measurements. Differences in the time structure between gamma and proton induced showers are found and explained in terms of the non-relativistic component of extensive air showers., Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures

Published
1998
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22. Acoustic emission-based monitoring of fatigue damage in CFRP-CFRP adhesively bonded joints

Author

Carboni, M and Bernasconi, A

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, fatigue, CFRP-CFRP adhesively bonded joints, micro-computed tomography, acoustic emission
Abstract

Adhesively bonded joints are being increasingly applied in modern structures. However, manufacturing defects and particularly harsh operative conditions may cause local debonding and catastrophic failures. Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures are then needed to evaluate the in-service structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints. In this research, an adhesively bonded single-lap joint, both adherends of which are manufactured using a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite, is subjected to constant amplitude fatigue loading. During such a test, the integrity and damage condition of the joint is continuously monitored using acoustic emission (AE), while the test itself is periodically interrupted in order to apply micro-computed tomography (μCT) to the specimen, with the aim of investigating the real features of the developing fatigue damage. The results show that, after suitable elaboration and filtering by means of pattern recognition algorithms, acoustic emission-based monitoring allows for effective identification and characterisation of the development of fatigue damage in adhesively bonded joints.

Published
2022

23. Uncovering the toughening mechanisms of bonded joints through tailored CFRP layup

Author

de Araujo Alves Lima, Rosemere (author), Tao, R. (author), Bernasconi, A.C. (author), Carboni, M. (author), Carrere, N. (author), Teixeira De Freitas, S. (author), de Araujo Alves Lima, Rosemere (author), Tao, R. (author), Bernasconi, A.C. (author), Carboni, M. (author), Carrere, N. (author), and Teixeira De Freitas, S. (author)

Abstract

Aiming to increase damage tolerance of adhesively bonded joints, this work explores the influence of CFRP layup of the adherends on the crack onset and crack propagation of composite bonded joints under mode I loading. Quasi-static Double Cantilever Beam tests were performed using four different CFRP layups bonded with two adhesives. Parallel to the experimental program, finite element analyses were performed to aid in understanding and identifying the various damage mechanisms in each specimen type. The results show that the CFRP layup and adhesive fracture toughness significantly influence the joint fracture phenomena at crack onset and further crack propagation. An enhancement of the joint's mode I fracture toughness values at crack onset was observed in the specimens where a crack competition between the propagation within the bondline and the composite's layers was triggered. During crack propagation, the fracture toughness of the joint increases at crack deflections between the different plies of the CFRP layup until reaching the 0° ply, where sudden delamination occurs. It has been shown that CFRP layup tailoring is a promising toughening method that, when carefully designed, has the potential to increase the maximum effective fracture toughness up to 100% when compared to pure cohesive failure., Structural Integrity & Composites

Published
2023
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27. Investigation of Sublimating Dry-ice due to Accidental Release in the Framework of CCS Risk Analysis

Author

Mocellin, P., Carboni, M., Pio, G., Vianello, C., Salzano, E., Mocellin P., Carboni M., Pio G., Vianello C., and Salzano E.

Subjects
Dry-ice, Carbon Capture and Storage, sublimation, Risk analysi
Abstract

Dealing with pressurized releases of CO2 from Carbon Capture and Storage systems is of topical interest for the safety assessment of such infrastructures. Evidence shows that a sublimating bank of CO2 can be formed following a loss of containment, which acts as a delayed source of heavy CO2 gas. This source of hazard requires estimation in terms of sublimating mass flow rate, flux, and thermal features. In this work, we illustrate an experimental apparatus to measure the main properties of sublimating CO2 banks for estimating safety parameters. Data concerning mass flow rate, fluxes and temperature were successfully estimated. We measured mass fluxes in the range from 160 to 240 g/(min·m2) of CO2, and we observed a relevant temperature variation. From experimental data, we proposed an approach to evaluate a representative driving force that includes the central feature of the CO2 to accumulate in the vicinity of the sublimating bank

Published
2022

28. Jet Fires of Hydrogen-Methane Mixtures

Author

Pio G., Carboni M., Mocellin P., Pilo F., Vianello C., Maschio G., Salzano E., Pio G., Carboni M., Mocellin P., Pilo F., Vianello C., Maschio G., and Salzano E.

Subjects
Jet Fires, Hydrogen
Abstract

Developing sustainable solutions for power generation and transportation is crucial for reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs). The tendency in fundamental and practical research on this field has been characterized by investigating low or net zero-carbon sources. Among the available options, hydrogen may be employed as a possible energy carrier to reduce the local emissions of harmful gases. However, the intensive use of gaseous hydrogen is still limited by the issues related to its storage and transportation systems. In this framework, injection of compressed hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipelines is seen as a way forward to reduce the quantity of carbon-based fuel and will be studied in this work. Compared to building a dedicated hydrogen infrastructure, this solution permits lower capital costs and ensures system scalability (i.e., the possibility to add hydrogen gradually). However, the possible consequences of a gas pipeline failure can be altered. In this paper, a numerical evaluation is conducted to characterize hydrogen-methane mixture jet fire. The analysis is performed using integral models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the case of the computational fluid dynamic approach, an accurate thermodynamic properties database is employed. The distance from the releasing point at which the maximum temperature is reached (i.e., the length of the jet flame) is used as a monitoring parameter for the comparison. Results are compared with existing literature data and discussed to evaluate the safety impact of adding hydrogen to the natural gas network.

Published
2022

29. Numerical Simulation of LNG Dispersion in Harbours: a Comparison of Flammable and Visible Cloud

Author

Carboni M., Pio G., Vianello C., Mocellin P., Maschio G., Salzano E., Carboni M., Pio G., Vianello C., Mocellin P., Maschio G., and Salzano E.

Subjects
Flammability, Dispersion, LNG, Visibility
Abstract

The current trends in environmental impact reduction have promoted natural gas and hydrogen either as shortor long-term solutions. In both cases, liquid transportation in cryogenic form is associated with new concerns in terms of safety aspects. So far, infrastructures based on utilizing the liquefied natural gas (LNG) in port areas have been developed and realized worldwide. However, a uniform guideline and set of monitoring criteria are missing because of the lack of knowledge of the phenomenological aspects. This work deals with the numerical characterization of the visible cloud boundaries in the case of an unintentional release during bunkering operations and its comparison with the standard value for the flammability of cloud, based on the lower flammability limit. To this aim, real-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed. Results showed that both flammable and visible clouds were dramatically sensitive to the heat transfer with the substrate in an unconfined environment. Besides, turbulence seems to affect the flammable cloud expansion rather than the visible cloud. Eventually, results indicate that the flammable cloud can be up to 50% larger than the visible for confined and 20% large for unconfined environments, conservatively, on the safe side. These values can be adopted for design and emergency purposes.

Published
2022

32. Valutazione e classificazione degli impatti e distribuzione delle specie alloctone in Italia

Author

Montagnani, C., Gentili, R., Brundu, G., Celesti‐grapow, L., Galasso, G., Lazzaro, L., Armeli Minicante, S., Carnevali, L., Acosta, A. T. R., Agrillo, E., Alessandrini, A., Angiolini, C., Ardenghi, N. M. G., Arduini, I., Armiraglio, S., Attorre, F., Bacchetta, G., Bagella, S., Barni, E., Barone, G., Bartolucci, F., Beretta, A., Berta, G., Bolpagni, R., Bona, I., Bonari, G., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Briozzo, I., Brusa, G., Buldrini, F., Buono, S., Burnelli, M., Carboni, M., Carli, E., Casella, F., Castello, M., Ceriani, R. M., Cianfaglione, K., Cicutto, M., Conti, F., Dagnino, D., Domina, G., Fanfarillo, E., Fascetti, S., Ferrario, A., Ferretti, G., Foggi, B., Gariboldi, L., Giancola, C., Gigante, D., Guarino, R., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Kleih, M., Laface, V. L. A., Latini, M., Lazzeri, V., Lozano, V., Magrini, S., Mainetti, A., Marinangeli, F., Martini, F., Masiero, F., Massimi, M., Mazzola, L., Medagli, P., Mugnai, M., Musarella, C. M., Nicolella, G., Orsenigo, S., Peccenini, S., Pedullà, L., Perrino, E. V., Plutino, M., Podda, L., Poggio, L., Posillipo, G., Proietti, C., Prosser, F., Ranfa, A., Rempicci, M., Rivieccio, G., Rodi, E. S., Rosati, L., Salerno, G., Santangelo, A., Scalari, F., Selvaggi, A., Spampinato, G., Stinca, A., Turcato, C., Viciani, D., Vidali, M., Villani, M., Vurro, M., Wagensommer, R. P., Wilhalm, T., and Citterio, S.

Published
2022

41. Cervical pessary for preterm birth prevention after an episode of arrested preterm labor: a retrospective cohort study with targeted maximum likelihood estimation of the average treatment effect.

Author

CARPINI, G. DELLI, GIANNELLA, L., CARBONI, M., FICHERA, M., PIZZAGALLI, D., SEGNALINI, N., CONTI, C., TAFURI, E., GIULIANI, L., RAGNO, F., MANCUSI, C., GIANNUBILO, S. R., and CIAVATTINI, A.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether cervical pessary effectively reduces the preterm birth < 37 weeks rate in patients who have not delivered after an episode of arrested preterm labor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study was conducted on singleton pregnant patients admitted to our institution between January 2016 and June 2021 for threatened preterm labor and who had a cervical length < 25 mm. Women in whom a cervical pessary was placed were considered as exposed, while women in whom expectant management was preferred were considered as unexposed. The primary outcome was the rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks. A targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate the average treatment effect of cervical pessary by adjusting for a-priori-defined confounders. RESULTS: A cervical pessary was placed in 152 (36.6%) patients (exposed), while the remaining 263 (63.4%) were managed expectantly (unexposed). The adjusted average treatment effect was -14% (-18 to -11%), -17% (-20 to -13%), and -16% (-20 to -12%) for preterm birth < 37 weeks, < 34 weeks, and < 32 weeks, respectively. The average treatment effect for adverse neonatal outcomes was -7% (-8 to -5%). No difference in gestational weeks at delivery between exposed and unexposed emerged when gestational age at first admission was > 30.1 gestational weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The positioning of a cervical pessary placement may be evaluated to reduce the risk of a subsequent preterm birth after an episode of arrested preterm labor in pregnant patients with onset of symptoms before 30 gestational weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

42. Plant–environment interactions through a functional traits perspective: a review of Italian studies

Author

Chelli, S, Marignani, M, Barni, E, Petraglia, A, Puglielli, G, Wellstein, C, Acosta, A, Bolpagni, R, Bragazza, L, Campetella, G, Chiarucci, A, Conti, L, Nascimbene, J, Orsenigo, S, Pierce, S, Ricotta, C, Tardella, F, Abeli, T, Aronne, G, Bacaro, G, Bagella, S, Benesperi, R, Bernareggi, G, Bonanomi, G, Bricca, A, Brusa, G, Buffa, G, Burrascano, S, Caccianiga, M, Calabrese, V, Canullo, R, Carbognani, M, Carboni, M, Carranza, M, Catorci, A, Ciccarelli, D, Citterio, S, Cutini, M, Dalle Fratte, M, De Micco, V, Del Vecchio, S, Di Martino, L, Di Musciano, M, Fantinato, E, Filigheddu, R, Frattaroli, A, Gentili, R, Gerdol, R, Giarrizzo, E, Giordani, P, Gratani, L, Incerti, G, Lussu, M, Mazzoleni, S, Mondoni, A, Montagnani, C, Montagnoli, A, Paura, B, Petruzzellis, F, Pisanu, S, Rossi, G, Sgarbi, E, Simonetti, E, Siniscalco, C, Slaviero, A, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Tomaselli, M, Cerabolini, B, Chelli S., Marignani M., Barni E., Petraglia A., Puglielli G., Wellstein C., Acosta A. T. R., Bolpagni R., Bragazza L., Campetella G., Chiarucci A., Conti L., Nascimbene J., Orsenigo S., Pierce S., Ricotta C., Tardella F. M., Abeli T., Aronne G., Bacaro G., Bagella S., Benesperi R., Bernareggi G., Bonanomi G., Bricca A., Brusa G., Buffa G., Burrascano S., Caccianiga M., Calabrese V., Canullo R., Carbognani M., Carboni M., Carranza M. L., Catorci A., Ciccarelli D., Citterio S., Cutini M., Dalle Fratte M., De Micco V., Del Vecchio S., Di Martino L., Di Musciano M., Fantinato E., Filigheddu R., Frattaroli A. R., Gentili R., Gerdol R., Giarrizzo E., Giordani P., Gratani L., Incerti G., Lussu M., Mazzoleni S., Mondoni A., Montagnani C., Montagnoli A., Paura B., Petruzzellis F., Pisanu S., Rossi G., Sgarbi E., Simonetti E., Siniscalco C., Slaviero A., Stanisci A., Stinca A., Tomaselli M., Cerabolini B. E. L., Chelli, S, Marignani, M, Barni, E, Petraglia, A, Puglielli, G, Wellstein, C, Acosta, A, Bolpagni, R, Bragazza, L, Campetella, G, Chiarucci, A, Conti, L, Nascimbene, J, Orsenigo, S, Pierce, S, Ricotta, C, Tardella, F, Abeli, T, Aronne, G, Bacaro, G, Bagella, S, Benesperi, R, Bernareggi, G, Bonanomi, G, Bricca, A, Brusa, G, Buffa, G, Burrascano, S, Caccianiga, M, Calabrese, V, Canullo, R, Carbognani, M, Carboni, M, Carranza, M, Catorci, A, Ciccarelli, D, Citterio, S, Cutini, M, Dalle Fratte, M, De Micco, V, Del Vecchio, S, Di Martino, L, Di Musciano, M, Fantinato, E, Filigheddu, R, Frattaroli, A, Gentili, R, Gerdol, R, Giarrizzo, E, Giordani, P, Gratani, L, Incerti, G, Lussu, M, Mazzoleni, S, Mondoni, A, Montagnani, C, Montagnoli, A, Paura, B, Petruzzellis, F, Pisanu, S, Rossi, G, Sgarbi, E, Simonetti, E, Siniscalco, C, Slaviero, A, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Tomaselli, M, Cerabolini, B, Chelli S., Marignani M., Barni E., Petraglia A., Puglielli G., Wellstein C., Acosta A. T. R., Bolpagni R., Bragazza L., Campetella G., Chiarucci A., Conti L., Nascimbene J., Orsenigo S., Pierce S., Ricotta C., Tardella F. M., Abeli T., Aronne G., Bacaro G., Bagella S., Benesperi R., Bernareggi G., Bonanomi G., Bricca A., Brusa G., Buffa G., Burrascano S., Caccianiga M., Calabrese V., Canullo R., Carbognani M., Carboni M., Carranza M. L., Catorci A., Ciccarelli D., Citterio S., Cutini M., Dalle Fratte M., De Micco V., Del Vecchio S., Di Martino L., Di Musciano M., Fantinato E., Filigheddu R., Frattaroli A. R., Gentili R., Gerdol R., Giarrizzo E., Giordani P., Gratani L., Incerti G., Lussu M., Mazzoleni S., Mondoni A., Montagnani C., Montagnoli A., Paura B., Petruzzellis F., Pisanu S., Rossi G., Sgarbi E., Simonetti E., Siniscalco C., Slaviero A., Stanisci A., Stinca A., Tomaselli M., and Cerabolini B. E. L.

Abstract

Italy is among the European countries with the greatest plant diversity due to both a great environmental heterogeneity and a long history of man–environment interactions. Trait-based approaches to ecological studies have developed greatly over recent decades worldwide, although several issues concerning the relationships between plant functional traits and the environment still lack sufficient empirical evaluation. To draw insights on the association between plant functional traits and direct and indirect human and natural pressures on the environmental drivers, this article summarizes the existing knowledge on this topic by reviewing the results of studies performed in Italy adopting a functional trait approach on vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Although we recorded trait measurements for 1418 taxa, our review highlighted some major gaps in plant traits knowledge: Mediterranean ecosystems are poorly represented; traits related to belowground organs are still overlooked; traits measurements for bryophytes and lichens are lacking. Finally, intraspecific variation has been little studied at community level so far. We conclude by highlighting the need for approaches evaluating trait–environment relationship at large spatial and temporal scales and the need of a more effective contribution to online databases to tie more firmly Italian researchers to international scientific networks on plant traits.

Published
2019

50. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., Dengler, J., Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., and Dengler, J.

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

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