Search

Your search keyword '"Carder, M"' showing total 218 results
Start Over Author "Carder, M"
218 results on '"Carder, M"'

1. Trends in occupational respiratory conditions with short latency in the UK.

Author

Barradas, A, Iskandar, I, Carder, M, Gittins, M, Fishwick, D, Seed, M, and Tongeren, M van

Subjects
HYPERSENSITIVITY pneumonitis, RESPIRATORY diseases, OCCUPATIONAL asthma, COMMUNICABLE diseases, METAL cutting
Abstract

Background Occupational short-latency respiratory disease (SLRD; predominantly asthma, rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and occupational infections) prevalence is difficult to determine but certain occupations may be associated with increased susceptibility. Aims This study aimed to examine which occupations and industries are currently at high risk for SLRD and determine their respective suspected causal agents. Methods SLRD cases reported to the SWORD scheme between 1999 and 2019 were analysed to determine directly standardized rate ratios (SRR) by occupation against the average rate for all other occupations combined. Results 'Bakers and flour confectioners' and 'vehicle spray painters' showed significantly raised SRR for SLRD in general, mostly due to occupational rhinitis (234.4; 95% CI 200.5–274.0) and asthma (63.5; 95% CI 51.5–78.3), respectively. Laboratory technicians also showed significantly raised SRR for occupational rhinitis (18.7; 95% CI 15.1–23.1), primarily caused by laboratory animals and insects. Metal machining setters and setter-operators showed increased SRR for occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (42.0; 95% CI 29.3–60.3), largely due to cutting/soluble oils. The occupation mostly affected by infectious disease was welding trades (12.9; 95% CI 5.7–29.3), mainly attributable to microbial pathogenicity. Conclusions This study identified the occupational groups at increased risk of developing an SLRD based on data recorded over a recent two-decade period in the UK. Occupational asthma and rhinitis were identified as the prevailing conditions and hypersensitivity pneumonitis as a potentially rising respiratory problem in the metalworking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Durability of viral suppression with first-line antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV in the UK: an observational cohort study

Author

Ainsworth, Jonathan, Allan, Sris, Anderson, Jane, Babiker, Abdel, Chadwick, David, Delpech, Valerie, Dunn, David, Fisher, Martin, Gazzard, Brian, Gilson, Richard, Gompels, Mark, Hay, Phillip, Hill, Teresa, Johnson, Margaret, Jose, Sophie, Kegg, Stephen, Leen, Clifford, Martin, Fabiola, Nelson, Mark, Orkin, Chloe, Palfreeman, Adrian, Phillips, Andrew, Pillay, Deenan, Post, Frank, Pritchard, Jillian, Sabin, Caroline, Sachikonye, Memory, Schwenk, Achim, Tariq, Anjum, Trevelion, Roy, Walsh, John, Glabay, A, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Youssef, E, Churchill, D, Gazzard, B, Nelson, M, Everett, R, Asboe, D, Mandalia, S, Post, F, Korat, H, Taylor, C, Gleisner, Z, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, Gilson, R, Brima, N, Williams, I, Johnson, M, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Tsintas, R, Chaloner, C, Hutchinson, S, Sabin, C, Phillips, A, Hill, T, Jose, S, Thornton, A, Huntington, S, Walsh, J, Mackie, N, Winston, A, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Orkin, C, Lynch, J, Hand, J, de Souza, C, Anderson, J, Munshi, S, Ainsworth, J, Schwenk, A, Miller, S, Wood, C, Leen, C, Wilson, A, Morris, S, Gompels, M, Allan, S, Palfreeman, A, Memon, K, Lewszuk, A, Chadwick, D, Cope, E, Gibson, J, Kegg, S, Main, P, Mitchell, S, Hunter, M, Dhillon, M, Martin, F, Russell-Sharpe, S, Harte, A, Clay, S, Tariq, A, Spencer, H, Jones, R, Pritchard, J, Cumming, S, Atkinson, C, Delpech, V, O'Connor, Jemma, Smith, Colette, Lampe, Fiona C, Johnson, Margaret A, Chadwick, David R, Winston, Alan, Post, Frank A, and Phillips, Andrew N

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Associations between baseline characteristics, CD4 cell count response and virological failure on first-line efavirenz

Author

Stirrup, OT, Sabin, CA, Phillips, AN, Williams, I, Churchill, D, Tostevin, A, Hill, T, Dunn, DT, Asboe, D, Pozniak, A, Cane, P, Chadwick, D, Clark, D, Collins, S, Delpech, V, Douthwaite, S, Dunn, D, Fearnhill, E, Porter, K, Stirrup, O, Fraser, C, Geretti, AM, Gunson, R, Hale, A, Hue, S, Lazarus, L, Leigh-Brown, A, Mbisa, T, Mackie, N, Orkin, C, Nastouli, E, Pillay, D, Phillips, A, Sabin, C, Smit, E, Templeton, K, Tilston, P, Volz, E, Zhang, H, Fairbrother, K, Dawkins, J, O'Shea, S, Mullen, J, Cox, A, Tandy, R, Fawcett, T, Hopkins, M, Booth, C, Garcia-Diaz, A, Renwick, L, Schmid, ML, Payne, B, Hubb, J, Dustan, S, Kirk, S, Bradley-Stewart, A, Ainsworth, J, Allan, S, Anderson, J, Babiker, A, Gazzard, B, Gilson, R, Compels, M, Hay, P, Johnson, M, Jose, S, Kegg, S, Leen, C, Martin, F, Mital, D, Nelson, M, Palfreeman, A, Post, F, Pritchard, J, Schwenk, A, Tariq, A, Trevelion, R, Ustianowski, A, Walsh, J, Thornton, A, Huntington, S, Glabay, A, Shidfar, S, Lynch, J, Hand, J, De Souza, C, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Youssef, E, Mabika, T, Mandalia, S, Munshi, S, Adefisan, A, Taylor, C, Gleisner, Z, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, Baillie, K, Brima, N, Miller, S, Wood, C, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Tsintas, R, Chaloner, C, Hutchinson, S, Winston, A, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Wilson, A, Morris, S, Gompels, M, Lewszuk, A, Faleye, A, Ogunbiyi, V, Mitchell, S, Kemble, C, Russell-Sharpe, S, Gravely, J, Harte, A, Spencer, H, Jones, R, Cumming, S, Atkinson, C, Edgell, V, Allen, J, Murphy, C, and Gunder, I

Subjects
NNRTI, viral suppression, Science & Technology, drug resistance, MUTATIONS, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, MODELS, viral failure, HIV, HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE, TIME, INDIVIDUALS, Infectious Diseases, ADHERENCE, NRTI, Virology, INFECTION, UK, COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, ART, SUPPRESSION
Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate associations between baseline characteristics and CD4 cell count response on first-line antiretroviral therapy and risk of virological failure (VF) with or without drug resistance. Methods We conducted an analysis of UK Collaborative HIV Cohort data linked to the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database. Inclusion criteria were viral sequence showing no resistance prior to initiation of first-line efavirenz + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + emtricitabine and virological suppression within 6 months. Outcomes of VF (≥200 copies/mL) with or without drug resistance were assessed using a competing risks approach fitted jointly with a model for CD4 cell count recovery. Hazard ratios for each VF outcome were estimated for baseline CD4 cell count and viral load and characteristics of CD4 cell count response using latent variables on a standard normal scale. Results A total of 3640 people were included with 338 VF events; corresponding viral sequences were available in 134 with ≥1 resistance mutation in 36. VF with resistance was associated with lower baseline CD4 (0.30, 0.09–0.62), lower CD4 recovery (0.04, 0.00–0.17) and higher CD4 variability (4.40, 1.22–12.68). A different pattern of associations was observed for VF without resistance, but the strength of these results was less consistent across sensitivity analyses. Cumulative incidence of VF with resistance was estimated to be

Published
2019

31. Development and application of a new measure of engagement in out‐patient HIV care

Author

Howarth, AR, Burns, FM, Apea, V, Jose, S, Hill, T, Delpech, VC, Evans, A, Mercer, CH, Michie, S, Morris, S, Sachikonye, M, Sabin, C, Ainsworth, Jonathan, Allan, Sris, Anderson, Jane, Babiker, Abdel, Chadwick, David, Dunn, David, Fisher, Martin, Gazzard, Brian, Gilson, Richard, Gompels, Mark, Hay, Phillip, Johnson, Margaret, Kegg, Stephen, Leen, Clifford, Martin, Fabiola, Nelson, Mark, Orkin, Chloe, Palfreeman, Adrian, Phillips, Andrew, Pillay, Deenan, Post, Frank, Pritchard, Jillian, Schwenk, Achim, Tariq, Anjum, Trevelion, Roy, Walsh, John, Thornton, Alicia, Huntington, Susie, Glabay, Adam, Perry, N., Tilbury, S., Youssef, E., Churchill, D., Everett, R., Asboe, D., Mandalia, S., Korat, H., Taylor, C., Gleisner, Z., Ibrahim, F., Campbell, L., Brima, N., Williams, I., Youle, M., Lampe, F., Smith, C., Tsintas, R., Chaloner, C., Hutchinson, S., Mackie, N., Winston, A., Weber, J., Ramzan, F., Carder, M., Lynch, J., Hand, J., Souza, C., Anderson, J., Munshi, S., Miller, S., Wood, C., Leen, C., Wilson, A., Morris, S., Memon, K., Lewszuk, A., Cope, E., Gibson, J., Main, P., Mitchell, S., Hunter, M., Dhillon, M., Russell‐Sharpe, S., Harte, A., Clay, S., Tariq, A., Spencer, H., Jones, R., Cumming, S., and Atkinson, C.

Subjects
Adult, Male, patient engagement, Adolescent, HIV, HIV Infections, out‐patient care, retention measure, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, United Kingdom, Cohort Studies, Interviews as Topic, Young Adult, cohort study, Ambulatory Care, Humans, Female, Original Research, Aged
Abstract

Objectives Commonly used measures of engagement in HIV care do not take into account that the frequency of attendance is related to changes in treatment and health status. This study developed a new measure of engagement in care (EIC) incorporating clinical factors. Methods We conducted semi‐structured interviews with eight HIV physicians to identify factors associated with the timing of patients' next scheduled appointments. These factors informed the development of an algorithm to classify each month of follow‐up as “in care” (on or before the time of the next expected attendance) or “out of care” (after the time of the next expected attendance). The EIC algorithm was applied to data from the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study, a large clinical cohort study. Results The interviews indicated that time to next appointment varied depending on psychosocial and physical comorbidities, and clinical factors (time since diagnosis, AIDS diagnosis, treatment status, CD4 count and viral load). The resulting EIC algorithm was applied to 44 432 patients; 83.9% of the 3 021 224 person‐months were “in care”. Greater EIC was independently associated with older age, white ethnicity, HIV acquisition through sex between men, current use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a higher nadir CD4 count, later calendar year and being seen at the clinic for the first time within the last year. Conclusions This algorithm describing engagement in HIV care incorporates a time‐updated measure of patients' treatment and health status. It adds to the options available for measuring this key performance indicator.

Published
2016

32. Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance

Author

Geretti, AM, White, E, Orkin, C, Tostevin, A, Tilston, P, Chadwick, D, Leen, C, Sabin, C, Dunn, DT, Asboe, D, Pozniak, A, Cane, P, Churchill, D, Clark, D, Collins, S, Delpech, V, Douthwaite, S, Dunn, D, Fearnhill, E, Porter, K, Stirrup, O, Fraser, C, Gunson, R, Hale, A, Hue, S, Lazarus, L, Leigh-Brown, A, Mbisa, T, Mackie, N, Nastouli, E, Pillay, D, Phillips, A, Smit, E, Templeton, K, Volz, E, Williams, I, Zhang, H, Dawkins, J, O'Shea, S, Mullen, J, Cox, A, Tandy, R, Fawcett, T, Hopkins, M, Booth, C, Garcia-Diaz, A, Renwick, L, Schmid, ML, Payne, B, Hubb, J, Dustan, S, Kirk, S, Bradley-Stewart, A, Ainsworth, J, Allan, S, Anderson, J, Babiker, A, Gazzard, B, Gilson, R, Gompels, M, Hay, P, Hill, T, Johnson, M, Jose, S, Kegg, S, Martin, F, Mital, D, Nelson, M, Palfreeman, A, Post, F, Pritchard, J, Sabin, CA, Schwenk, A, Tariq, A, Trevelion, R, Ustianowski, A, Walsh, J, Thornton, A, Huntington, S, Glabay, A, Shidfar, S, Lynch, J, Hand, J, De Souza, C, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Youssef, E, Mabika, T, Mandalia, S, Munshi, S, Adefisan, A, Taylor, C, Gleisner, Z, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, Baillie, K, Brima, N, Miller, S, Wood, C, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Tsintas, R, Chaloner, C, Hutchinson, S, Winston, A, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Wilson, A, Morris, S, Lewszuk, A, Faleye, A, Ogunbiyi, V, Mitchell, S, Kemble, C, Russell-Sharpe, S, Gravely, J, Harte, A, Spencer, H, Jones, R, Cumming, S, Atkinson, C, Edgell, V, Allen, J, Murphy, C, and Gunder, I

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Abacavir, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, INFECTION, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Proteolytic enzymes, Lamivudine, virus diseases, Viral Load, Prognosis, ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Cohort, RNA, Viral, Female, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and UK CHIC Study, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Viral load, 0605 Microbiology, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Genotype, TRANSMISSION, Anti-HIV Agents, 030106 microbiology, REGIMENS, Emtricitabine, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Protease Inhibitors, Alleles, Pharmacology, Science & Technology, TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS, business.industry, HIV, INDIVIDUALS, chemistry, Amino Acid Substitution, Mutation, HIV-1, business
Abstract

Objectives: In subjects with transmitted thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), boosted PIs (PI/b) are often chosen to overcome possible resistance to the NRTI backbone. However, data to guide treatment selection are limited. Our aim was to obtain firmer guidance for clinical practice using real-world cohort data.Methods: We analysed 1710 subjects who started a PI/b in combination with tenofovir or abacavir plus emtricitabine or lamivudine, and compared their virological outcomes with those of 4889 patients who started an NNRTI (predominantly efavirenz), according to the presence of ≥1 TAM as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.Results: Participants with ≥1 TAM comprised predominantly MSM (213 of 269, 79.2%), subjects of white ethnicity (206 of 269, 76.6%) and HIV-1 subtype B infections (234 of 269, 87.0%). Most (203 of 269, 75.5%) had singleton TAMs, commonly a revertant of T215Y or T215F (112 of 269, 41.6%). Over a median of 2.5 years of follow-up, 834 of 6599 (12.6%) subjects experienced viraemia (HIV-1 RNA >50 copies/mL). The adjusted HR for viraemia was 2.17 with PI/b versus NNRTI-based therapy (95% CI 1.88-2.51; P Conclusions: In this cohort, patients harbouring ≥1 TAM as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance gained no apparent virological advantage from starting first-line ART with a PI/b.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data

Author

Stirrup, OT, Dunn, DT, Tostevin, A, Sabin, CA, Pozniak, A, Asboe, D, Cox, A, Orkin, C, Martin, F, Cane, P, Fairbrother, K, Fearnhill, E, Hubb, J, Porter, K, Babiker, A, Lynch, J, Hand, J, De Souza, C, Churchill, D, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Youssef, E, Clark, D, Gazzard, B, Nelson, M, Mabika, T, Mandalia, S, Anderson, J, Munshi, S, Post, F, Adefisan, A, Taylor, C, Gleisner, Z, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, Chadwick, D, Baillie, K, Gilson, R, Brima, N, Williams, I, Ainsworth, J, Schwenk, A, Miller, S, Wood, C, Johnson, M, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Tsintas, R, Chaloner, C, Hutchinson, S, Phillips, A, Hill, T, Jose, S, Huntington, S, Thornton, A, Walsh, J, Mackie, N, Winston, A, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Leen, C, Wilson, A, Morris, S, Gompels, M, Allan, S, Palfreeman, A, Lewszuk, A, Kegg, S, Faleye, A, Ogunbiyi, V, Mitchell, S, Hay, P, Kemble, C, Russell-Sharpe, S, Gravely, J, Harte, A, Tariq, A, Spencer, H, Jones, R, Pritchard, J, Cumming, S, Atkinson, C, Mital, D, Edgell, V, Allen, J, Ustianowski, A, Murphy, C, and Gunder, I

Subjects
Multi-NRTI resistance, RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS, Science & Technology, 151 complex, HIV, CHILDREN, Multidrug resistance, IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, 69 insertion complex, UK Collaborative HIV Cohort, INFECTED INDIVIDUALS, PREVALENCE, EMERGENCE, Infectious Diseases, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, NRTI, 1ST-LINE REGIMENS, 1107 Immunology, Virology, COHORT, TRANSMITTED DRUG-RESISTANCE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, UK HIV Drug Resistance Database
Abstract

Background: The prevalence of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral therapies (ART) has declined in high-income countries over recent years, but drug resistance remains a substantial concern in many low and middle-income countries. The Q151M and T69 insertion (T69i) resistance mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase gene can reduce susceptibility to all nucleoside/tide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, motivating the present study to investigate the risk factors and outcomes associated with these mutations. Methods: We considered all data in the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database for blood samples obtained in the period 1997-2014. Where available, treatment history and patient outcomes were obtained through linkage to the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort study. A matched case-control approach was used to assess risk factors associated with the appearance of each of the mutations in ART-experienced patients, and survival analysis was used to investigate factors associated with viral suppression. A further analysis using matched controls was performed to investigate the impact of each mutation on survival. Results: A total of 180 patients with Q151M mutation and 85 with T69i mutation were identified, almost entirely from before 2006. Occurrence of both the Q151M and T69i mutations was strongly associated with cumulative period of virological failure while on ART, and for Q151M there was a particular positive association with use of stavudine and negative association with use of boosted-protease inhibitors. Subsequent viral suppression was negatively associated with viral load at sequencing for both mutations, and for Q151M we found a negative association with didanosine use but a positive association with boosted-protease inhibitor use. The results obtained in these analyses were also consistent with potentially large associations with other drugs. Analyses were inconclusive regarding associations between the mutations and mortality, but mortality was high for patients with low CD4 at detection. Conclusions: The Q151M and T69i resistance mutations are now very rare in the UK. Our results suggest that good outcomes are possible for people with these mutations. However, in this historic sample, viral load and CD4 at detection were important factors in determining prognosis.

Published
2018

35. Virological failure and development of new resistance mutations according to CD4 count at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation

Author

Jose, S., Quinn, K., Dunn, D., Cox, A., Sabin, C., Fidler, S., Fisher, Martin, Gazzard, Brian, Gilson, Richard, Gompels, Mark, Hay, Phillip, Johnson, Margaret, Kegg, Stephen, Leen, C., Martin, Fabiola, Nelson, Mark, Palfreeman, Adrian, Post, F., Pritchard, Jillian, Sachikonye, Memory, Schwenk, Achim, Tariq, Anjum, Walsh, John, Hill, Teresa, Jose, Sophie, Phillips, Andrew, Sabin, Caroline, Thornton, Alicia, Dunn, David, Glabay, Adam, Fisher, M., Perry, N., Tilbury, S., Youssef, E., Churchill, D., Gazzard, B., Nelson, M., Everett, R., Asboe, D., Mandalia, S., Korat, H., Taylor, C., Gleisner, Z., Ibrahim, F., Campbell, L., Gilson, R., Brima, N., Williams, I., Johnson, M., Youle, M., Lampe, F., Smith, C., Tsintas, R., Chaloner, C., Hutchinson, S., Phillips, A., Hill, T., Thornton, A., Huntington, S., Walsh, J., Mackie, N., Winston, A., Weber, J., Ramzan, F., Carder, M., Orkin, C., Lynch, J., Hand, J., de Souza, C., Anderson, J., Munshi, S., Ainsworth, J., Schwenk, A., Miller, S., Wood, C., Wilson, A., Morris, S., Gompels, M., Allan, S., Palfreeman, A., Memon, K., Lewszuk, A., Chadwick, D., Cope, E., Gibson, J., Kegg, S., Main, P., Mitchell, Hunter, Hay, P., Dhillon, M., Martin, F., Russell-Sharpe, S., Harte, A., Clay, S., Tariq, A., Spencer, H., Jones, R., Pritchard, J., Cumming, S., Atkinson, C., Delpech, Valerie, Sachikony, M., Aitken, Celia, Asboe, David, Pozniak, Anton, Cane, Patricia, Chadwick, David, Churchill, Duncan, Clark, Duncan, Collins, Simon, Douthwaite, Samuel, Fearnhill, Esther, Porter, Kholoud, Tostevin, Anna, White, Ellen, Fraser, Christophe, Geretti, Anna Maria, Hale, Antony, Hué, Stéphane, Kaye, Steve, Kellam, Paul, Lazarus, Linda, Leigh-Brown, Andrew, Mbisa, Tamyo, Mackie, Nicola, Moses, Samuel, Orkin, Chloe, Nastouli, Eleni, Pillay, Deenan, Smit, Erasmus, Templeton, Kate, Tilston, Peter, Webster, Daniel, Williams, Ian, Zhang, Hongyi, Greatorex, Jane, O'Shea, Siobhan, Mullen, Jane, Cox, Alison, Tandy, Richard, Fawcett, Tracy, Hopkins, Mark, Ashton, Lynn, Booth, Claire, Garcia-Diaz, Ana, Shepherd, Jill, Schmid, Matthias L., Payne, Brendan, Pereira, Spiro, Hubb, Jonathan, Kirk, Stuart, Gunson, Rory, Bradley-Stewart, Amanda, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, HAART, HIV Infections, Treatment failure, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Treatment Failure, virological failure, Health Policy, UK CHIC and UK HDRD Steering Committees, Virological failure, 3. Good health, Antiretroviral therapy, Patient benefit, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Viral load, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Short Communication, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, HIV-INFECTION, Virology, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Science & Technology, business.industry, HIV resistance, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 030112 virology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Immunology, Mutation, business
Abstract

Objectives No randomized controlled trials have yet reported an individual patient benefit of initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at CD4 counts > 350 cells/μL. It is hypothesized that earlier initiation of cART in asymptomatic and otherwise healthy individuals may lead to poorer adherence and subsequently higher rates of resistance development. Methods In a large cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we investigated the emergence of new resistance mutations upon virological treatment failure according to the CD4 count at the initiation of cART. Results Of 7918 included individuals, 6514 (82.3%), 996 (12.6%) and 408 (5.2%) started cART with a CD4 count ≤ 350, 351–499 and ≥ 500 cells/μL, respectively. Virological rebound occurred while on cART in 488 (7.5%), 46 (4.6%) and 30 (7.4%) with a baseline CD4 count ≤ 350, 351–499 and ≥ 500 cells/μL, respectively. Only four (13.0%) individuals with a baseline CD4 count > 350 cells/μL in receipt of a resistance test at viral load rebound were found to have developed new resistance mutations. This compared to 107 (41.2%) of those with virological failure who had initiated cART with a CD4 count

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Sentinel approach to detect emerging causes of work-related respiratory diseases.

Author

Zhou, A Y, Seed, M, Carder, M, Money, A, Tongeren, M Van, and Agius, R

Subjects
RESPIRATORY diseases, OCCUPATIONAL diseases, PULMONARY fibrosis, HYPERSENSITIVITY pneumonitis, OCCUPATIONAL asthma
Abstract

Background The world of work is continually changing, and this could result in new and emerging risks being introduced, including those that may cause work-related respiratory diseases (WRRD). Aims To describe recently emerging and new cases of WRRD and the relevant methodology using data in a national occupational respiratory disease surveillance scheme in the UK. Methods Incident cases of respiratory diseases reported by physicians to the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) between January 2015 and December 2017 were included. Potentially emerging respiratory hazards manifesting in SWORD data were identified with the following hierarchical approach: (i) new respiratory disease not previously associated with work, (ii) specific exposure/agent not previously associated with WRRD and (iii) industry and/or occupation not previously associated with WRRD. Results A total of 1215 cases of WRRD were reported to SWORD between January 2015 and December 2017. No new WRRD were identified. Thirteen potentially emerging causes of occupational asthma were identified, including exposures to agents such as ninhydrin. Four potential new causes were identified for interstitial pneumonia, which included wood and brass dust. Two potentially emerging causes of WRRD were identified for inhalational accidents (green coffee and nitrocellulose), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (diphenylmethane diisocyanate and salami mould), rhinitis (morphine and Amaranthus quitensis) and sarcoidosis (prions and horses). Conclusions Continuous monitoring and reporting of any new work-related disease is a critical function of any occupational disease reporting scheme. Potential emerging causes of work-related health risks have been identified by using a simple and systematic way of detecting emerging causes of WRRDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Durability of viral suppression with first-line antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV in the UK: an observational cohort study

Author

O'Connor, Jemma, primary, Smith, Colette, additional, Lampe, Fiona C, additional, Johnson, Margaret A, additional, Chadwick, David R, additional, Nelson, Mark, additional, Dunn, David, additional, Winston, Alan, additional, Post, Frank A, additional, Sabin, Caroline, additional, Phillips, Andrew N, additional, Ainsworth, Jonathan, additional, Allan, Sris, additional, Anderson, Jane, additional, Babiker, Abdel, additional, Chadwick, David, additional, Delpech, Valerie, additional, Fisher, Martin, additional, Gazzard, Brian, additional, Gilson, Richard, additional, Gompels, Mark, additional, Hay, Phillip, additional, Hill, Teresa, additional, Johnson, Margaret, additional, Jose, Sophie, additional, Kegg, Stephen, additional, Leen, Clifford, additional, Martin, Fabiola, additional, Orkin, Chloe, additional, Palfreeman, Adrian, additional, Phillips, Andrew, additional, Pillay, Deenan, additional, Post, Frank, additional, Pritchard, Jillian, additional, Sachikonye, Memory, additional, Schwenk, Achim, additional, Tariq, Anjum, additional, Trevelion, Roy, additional, Walsh, John, additional, Glabay, A, additional, Perry, N, additional, Tilbury, S, additional, Youssef, E, additional, Churchill, D, additional, Gazzard, B, additional, Nelson, M, additional, Everett, R, additional, Asboe, D, additional, Mandalia, S, additional, Post, F, additional, Korat, H, additional, Taylor, C, additional, Gleisner, Z, additional, Ibrahim, F, additional, Campbell, L, additional, Gilson, R, additional, Brima, N, additional, Williams, I, additional, Johnson, M, additional, Youle, M, additional, Lampe, F, additional, Smith, C, additional, Tsintas, R, additional, Chaloner, C, additional, Hutchinson, S, additional, Sabin, C, additional, Phillips, A, additional, Hill, T, additional, Jose, S, additional, Thornton, A, additional, Huntington, S, additional, Walsh, J, additional, Mackie, N, additional, Winston, A, additional, Weber, J, additional, Ramzan, F, additional, Carder, M, additional, Orkin, C, additional, Lynch, J, additional, Hand, J, additional, de Souza, C, additional, Anderson, J, additional, Munshi, S, additional, Ainsworth, J, additional, Schwenk, A, additional, Miller, S, additional, Wood, C, additional, Leen, C, additional, Wilson, A, additional, Morris, S, additional, Gompels, M, additional, Allan, S, additional, Palfreeman, A, additional, Memon, K, additional, Lewszuk, A, additional, Chadwick, D, additional, Cope, E, additional, Gibson, J, additional, Kegg, S, additional, Main, P, additional, Mitchell, S, additional, Hunter, M, additional, Dhillon, M, additional, Martin, F, additional, Russell-Sharpe, S, additional, Harte, A, additional, Clay, S, additional, Tariq, A, additional, Spencer, H, additional, Jones, R, additional, Pritchard, J, additional, Cumming, S, additional, Atkinson, C, additional, and Delpech, V, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study

Author

Prosperi, Mc1, Mackie, N, Di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver DA, Geretti, Am, De Luca, A, Giacometti A, SEHERE c. o. n. s. o. r. t. i. u. m., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Carla Re, M, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Bello, Fd, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Fadda, G, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Foglie, Pd, Rossi, C, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E, Lengauer, T, Däumer, M, Hoffmann, D, Schülter, E, Müller, C, Oette, M, Reuter, S, Esser, S, Fätkenheuer, G, Rockstroh, J, Incardona, F, Rosen Zvi, M, Clotet, B, Thalme, A, Svedhem, V, Bratt, G, Gargiulo, F, Lapadula, G, Manca, N, Paraninfo, G, Quiros Roldan, E, Carosi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Vandamme, Am, Van Wijngaerden, E, Ainsworth, J, Anderson, J, Babiker, A, Dunn, D, Easterbrook, P, Fisher, M, Gazzard, B, Garrett, N, Gilson, R, Gompels, M, Hill, T, Johnson, M, Leen, C, Orkin, C, Phillips, A, Pillay, D, Porter, K, Post, F, Sabin, C, Sadiq, T, Schwenk, A, Walsh, J, Delpech, V, Palfreeman, A, Glabay, A, Lynch, J, Hand, J, de Souza, C, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Churchill, D, Nelson, M, Waxman, M, Mandalia, S, Kall, M, Korat, H, Taylor, C, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, James, L, Brima, N, Williams, I, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Grabowska, H, Chaloner, C, Puradiredja, Di, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Wilson, A, Dooley, D, Asboe, D, Pozniak, A, Cameron, S, Cane, P, Chadwick, D, Clark, D, Collins, S, Lazarus, L, Dolling, D, Fearnhill, E, Castro, H, Coughlin, K, Zuckerman, M, Booth, C, Goldberg, D, Hale, A, Kaye, S, Kellam, P, Leigh Brown, A, Smit, E, Templeton, K, Tilston, P, Tong, W, Zhang, H, Ushiro Lumb, I, Oliver, T, Bibby, D, Mitchell, S, Mbisa, T, Wildfire, A, Tandy, R, Shepherd, J, Maclean, A, Bennett, D, Hopkins, M, Garcia Diaz, A, Kirk, S, Sloot, P. M., Virology, Prosperi, M, Mackie, N, di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, F, van laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver, D, Geretti, A, de luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Male, Drug Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, HIV Infection, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, 0303 health sciences, Proteolytic enzymes, Genotypic testing, HIV, Viral load, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, Female, HIV-1, Humans, RNA, Viral, Viral Proteins, Drug Resistance, Viral, Mutation, Missense, Viral Load, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, Cohort, Cohort study, Human, Microbiology (medical), Biology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Viral Protein, 030306 microbiology, Anti-HIV Agent, Virology, Reverse transcriptase, Regimen, genotypic testing, viral load, Immunology, Mutation, RNA, Missense, Cohort Studie
Abstract

Background and objectives: Guidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load

Published
2011

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results