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Your search keyword '"Cardiac output -- Abnormalities"' showing total 6 results
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6 results on '"Cardiac output -- Abnormalities"'

2. Costs for heart failure with normal vs reduced ejection fraction

Author

Liao, Lawrence, Jollis, James G., Anstrom, Kevin J., Whellan, David J., Kitzman, Dalane W., Aurigemma, Gerard P., Mark, Daniel B., Schulman, Kevin A., and Gottdiener, John S.

Subjects
Heart failure -- Care and treatment, Heart failure -- Economic aspects, Cardiac output -- Abnormalities, Cardiac output -- Comparative analysis, Medical care, Cost of -- Comparative analysis, Health
Published
2006

4. Effects of variable dose milrinone in patients with low cardiac output after cardiac surgery

Author

Feneck, Robert O.

Subjects
Heart, Milrinone -- Health aspects, Cardiac output -- Abnormalities, Health
Abstract

Milrinone is a noncatecholamine, nonglycoside drug that has both positive inotropic and vasodilator properties. That is, milrinone increases the force of cardiac contraction and decreases the constriction of blood vessels. It acts by blocking a key enzyme (cAMP-specific cardiac phosphodiesterase F III) responsible for reducing the effects of norepinephrine. (Norepinephrine constricts vascular smooth muscle.) Milrinone has been shown to be an effective drug in the treatment of severe heart failure, a disease characterized by ineffective cardiac contraction and insufficient cardiac output. It has not been evaluated in the treatment of individuals recovering from cardiac surgery, another group of patients who suffer from insufficient cardiac output. To determine whether milrinone is beneficial for such patients, its effects were evaluated in 99 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, atrial and mitral valve replacement). Following surgery, patients were intravenously administered one of three doses of milrinone for a minimum of 12 hours. In all cases, drug administration was associated with a rapid, sustained improvement in cardiac output, and a decrease in vascular resistance (reflecting vascular relaxation). Increases in heart rate also occurred. Possible adverse side effects (nausea and cardiac arrhythmias) were noted in about half the patients, but these symptoms are common in patients recovering from heart surgery, and could not be unequivocally associated with drug treatment. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

5. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function using Doppler tissue imaging in asymptomatic relatives with left ventricular enlargement

Author

Matsumura, Y., Elliott, P.M., Mahon, N.G., Virdee, M.S., Doi, Y., and McKenna, W.J.

Subjects
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated -- Development and progression, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated -- Risk factors, Cardiac output -- Abnormalities, Cardiac output -- Analysis, Doppler echocardiography -- Usage, Heart ventricle, Left -- Physiological aspects, Health
Published
2006

6. Maximal coronary vasodilator capacity of orthotopic heart transplants in patients with and without rejection

Author

Nitenberg, Alain, Tavolaro, Oscar, Loisance, Daniel, Foult, Jean-Marc, Hittinger, Luc, Aptecar, Eduardo, and Cachera, Jean-Paul

Subjects
Cardiac output -- Abnormalities, Vasodilators -- Measurement, Heart -- Transplantation, Blood vessels, Coronary arteries -- Abnormalities, Blood flow -- Measurement, Histocompatibility -- Identification and classification, Health
Abstract

In cardiac allograft rejection, histopathologic changes suggesting that myocardial ischemia is a component of the rejection process have been documented. To further define the coronary vascular reactivity of human heart transplant, coronary sinus blood flow and coronary resistance were measured before and after intravenous dipyridamole within the first year after transplantation in 8 patients without rejection (group II) and in 5 patients with rejection (group III). All had normal coronary arteriograms. Results were compared to those of 8 control subjects (group I). After dipyridamole, coronary sinus blood flow was increased in groups I, II and III by 303, 212 (p [is than]0.01 vs group I) and 45%, respectively (p [is less than]0.001 vs groups I and II). Coronary resistance was reduced by 77, 73 (not significant vs goup I) and 36%, respectively (p [is less than]0.001 vs groups I and II). Concomitantly, coronary sinus blood oxygen content was increased by 172, 145 (not significant vs group I) and 78%, respectively (p [is less than]0.001 vs group I, not significant vs group II). Thus, the coronary flow reserve evaluated by the dipyridamole/basal coronary sinus blood flow ratio and the coronary resistance reserve evaluated by the basal/dipyridamole coronary resistance ratio were dramatically impaired in group III (1.56 [+ or -] 0.09 and 1.6 [+ or -] 0.30, respectively, p [is less than]0.001 vs groups I and II). In contrast, they were almost normal in group II (3.11 [+ or -] 0.42 vs. 4.03 [+ or -] 0.52 in group I, p [is less than ]0.02, and 3.83 [+ or -] 0.78 vs. 4.45 [+ or -] 0.81 in group I, difference not significant). Thus, the impairment of coronary reserve during heart rejection should be linked to abnormalities of the coronary microvasculature. This emphasizes the important involvement of the coronary circulation in the rejection process., Coronary circulation, which nourishes the heart muscle, is known to play an important role in the success of a heart transplant. For example, it is thought that the organ rejection process is related to myocardial ischemia (MI; heart attack caused by inadequate oxygen supply to the heart usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery). Changes in heart tissues which were influential in coronary blood flow and coronary resistance were examined in 19 subjects. Three groups were identified; group I consisted of eight normal individuals without symptoms of heart disease, group II was made up of eight patients who recently had a heart transplant and showed no histologic (cellular) symptoms of rejection, and group III was comprised of five recent heart transplant patients who were exhibiting histologic signs of rejection. Baseline measurements of all subjects were taken before and after the administration of dipyridamole, a vasodilator i.e., an agent which causes the relaxation of the blood vessels. All measurements were taken within one year of heart transplantation. Coronary blood flow and coronary resistance were recorded and quantitatively analyzed in all three groups. No significant differences were observed between the normal group and the asymptomatic transplant group. However, the transplant group which showed with histological irregularities had dramatically impaired capacities when blood flow ratios and coronary resistance ratios were calculated. The results of this study emphasized the importance of coronary circulation as a factor in rejection. Further research in this area is considered to be important because of the potential reversibility of these conditions via treatments which may aid in reducing heart transplant rejections.

Published
1989

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