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Evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect of WB-EMS is growing. However, applying comparable impulse-protocols, studies reporting positive effects on inflammatory markers, possibly including adipokines, used high volume, superimposed WB-EMS protocols that differ from the time-efficient, non-superimposed concepts mainly used in scientific and commercial settings. The aim of the present trial was to determine the effect of "standard WB-EMS" on inflammatory markers and adipokines in overweight to obese adults. Seventy-two overweight to obese adults 40-70 years old with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, were randomly allocated to a 29-week standard WB-EMS application 1.5x20min/week (WB-EMS) or to a usual care control groups (CG) with six sessions of physiotherapy. Study outcomes were changes of ultra-sensitive CRP, lL-1b, adiponectin, leptin, total and LDL-cholesterol. Intention to treat analyses with multiple imputation with an ANCOVA adjusted for baseline group difference was applied. Six participants (WB-EMS=5) were lost to follow-up. Attendance rate averaged 88±10% in the WB-EMS group and >90% in the CG. After the intervention, we did not observe any significant change ofusCRP, lL-1b, adiponectin, leptin, total and LDL-cholesterol levels or significant between group differences (i.e. "effects"). Adverse effects related to the intervention were not observed or reported. The present low-volume, non-superimposed WB-EMS (standard) approach does not seem to have a significant effect on the analyzed inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines in overweight to obese adults with knee OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Whole-body Electromyostimulation training (WB-EMS) is a time-efficient and safe alternative to conventional resistance-type exercise. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of WB-EMS, modifications of daily activity and diet on cardiometabolic risk in premenopausal overweight and obese women. Methods: Ninety premenopausal overweight women were randomly assigned to three groups (n=30 each). The control group (CG) was energy-restricted by 500 kcal/day via carbohydrate reduction with a protein intake of 1.2 g/kg body mass/d. The "physical activity" (PA) group was instructed to achieve the same negative energy balance (-500 kcal/d), albeit half (-250 kcal/d) via increased physical activity. Protein intake ofthe PA groups was specified as 1.7 g/kg body mass/d. Finally, the "Whole-Body Electromyostimulation" (WB-EMS) group completed a 20-minute WB-EMS 1.5x/week in addition to the modifications ofgroup PA. Primary endpoint was the change in the metabolic syndrome Z-score (MetS-Z) after 16 weeks of intervention analyzed by the intention to treat principle with multiple imputation. Results: In summary, the WB-EMS intervention featured the lowest drop-out and the highest compliance rate. While no significant between-group differences (p=.226) were determined, only the WB-EMS group saw the MetS Z-score improve significantly (p=.003 vs. CG: p=.647 vs. PA: p=. 119). Conclusion: Despite the lack of significant effects compared to control groups with dietary optimization and/or increased daily activity, we consider adjuvant WB-EMS application to be a promising combination for improving cardiometabolic variables in premenopausal overweight and obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The available evidence indicates that the severity of metabolic syndrome tends to worsen progressively over time. We assessed the trajectory of age and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score (cMetS-S) and its association with the development of diabetes during an 18-year follow-up. Methods In a prospective population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 3931 eligible participants free of diabetes, aged 20–60 years, were followed at three-year intervals. We examined the trajectories of cMetS-S over nine years using latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) and subsequent risks of incident diabetes eight years later. The prospective association of identified trajectories with diabetes was examined using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for age, sex, education, and family history of diabetes, physical activity, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, and baseline fasting plasma glucose in a stepwise manner. Results Among 3931 participants, three cMetS-S trajectory groups of low (24.1%), medium (46.8%), and high (29.1%) were identified during the exposure period. Participants in the medium and high cMetS-S trajectory classes had HRs of 2.44 (95% CI: 1.56–3.81) and 6.81 (95% CI: 4.07–10.01) for future diabetes in fully adjusted models, respectively. Normoglycemic individuals within the high cMetS-S class had an over seven-fold increased risk of diabetes (HR: 7.12; 95% CI: 6.05–12.52). Conclusion Although most adults exhibit an unhealthy metabolic score, its severity usually remains stable throughout adulthood over ten years of follow-up. The severity score of metabolic syndrome has the potential to be utilized as a comprehensive and easily measurable indicator of cardiometabolic dysfunction. It can be employed in clinical settings to detect and track individuals at a heightened risk of developing T2DM, even if their glucose levels are normal.

Background: The available evidence indicates that the severity of metabolic syndrome tends to worsen progressively over time. We assessed the trajectory of age and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score (cMetS-S) and its association with the development of diabetes during an 18-year follow-up. Methods: In a prospective population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 3931 eligible participants free of diabetes, aged 20–60 years, were followed at three-year intervals. We examined the trajectories of cMetS-S over nine years using latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) and subsequent risks of incident diabetes eight years later. The prospective association of identified trajectories with diabetes was examined using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for age, sex, education, and family history of diabetes, physical activity, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication, and baseline fasting plasma glucose in a stepwise manner. Results: Among 3931 participants, three cMetS-S trajectory groups of low (24.1%), medium (46.8%), and high (29.1%) were identified during the exposure period. Participants in the medium and high cMetS-S trajectory classes had HRs of 2.44 (95% CI: 1.56–3.81) and 6.81 (95% CI: 4.07–10.01) for future diabetes in fully adjusted models, respectively. Normoglycemic individuals within the high cMetS-S class had an over seven-fold increased risk of diabetes (HR: 7.12; 95% CI: 6.05–12.52). Conclusion: Although most adults exhibit an unhealthy metabolic score, its severity usually remains stable throughout adulthood over ten years of follow-up. The severity score of metabolic syndrome has the potential to be utilized as a comprehensive and easily measurable indicator of cardiometabolic dysfunction. It can be employed in clinical settings to detect and track individuals at a heightened risk of developing T2DM, even if their glucose levels are normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To evaluate the efficacy of ginger, garlic, lemon, apple cider vinegar and honey mixture on cardio metabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. A double blinded Randomized control was conducted in OPD of Military Hospital, Pakistan, from 30 June 2018 to 30 Sep 2018. Eighty eight participants with positive cardio metabolic risk factors between 30 to 65 years were randomly selected and allocated into experimental and placebo Group. Equal quantities of garlic, ginger, lemon juice and apple cider vinegar were boiled at 70°C for 15 minutes. At the start, after 45th days and after 90th day anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood sugar level. Blood pressure and fasting blood sugar, TC, LDL, HDL were significantly decreased in experimental group from 155 to 132mg/dl [P<0.03]. While no remarkable change has been detected on anthropometric measurements. The findings of the study concluded that ginger, garlic, lemon, apple cider vinegar and honey mixture exhibited anti-hyperlipidemia, antihypertensive and anti-diabetic properties, while no significant change was observed in BMI and waist to hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a handful of controversial data from observational studies on the serum levels of mannose and risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain estimates of the causal effect of serum mannose on the risk of CAD and on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Two-sample MR was implemented by using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on serum mannose and CAD and cardiometabolic risk factors. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the effects, and a sensitivity analysis including the weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) were applied. Radial MR Methods was applied to remove outliers subject to pleiotropic bias. We further conducted a leave-one-out analysis. Results: Mannose had no significant effect on CAD (IVW: odds ratio: 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.71−1.30)), total cholesterol (TC) (IVW: 95%CI: 0.60−1.08), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.68−1.15), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.85−1.20), triglycerides (TG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.38−1.08), waist circumference (WC) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.94−1.37), body mass index (BMI) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.93−1.29) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.92−1.33), with no heterogeneity for CAD, HDL, WC and BMI (all p > 0.092), while a significant heterogeneity was observed for TC (IVW: Q = 44.503), LDL (IVW: Q = 33.450), TG (IVW: Q = 159.645) and FBG (IVW: Q = 0. 32.132). An analysis of MR-PRESSO and radial plots did not highlight any outliers. The results of the leave-one-out method demonstrated that the links were not driven by a single instrument. Conclusions: We did not find any effect of mannose on adiposity, glucose, TC, LDL, TG and CAD.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex clustering cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. It has been a growing health problem in Iranian adults in recent decade. The objective of this article was to review the prevalence of MetS and the corresponding risk factors among Iranian adults.Methods: We conducted a systematic review to extract the published articles regarding metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among Iranian adults aged >19 years by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases. The forty-three published articles were selected regarding MetS among Iranian adults in this review during 2005-2014.Results: From the 43 studies, the rate of MetS varied from 10% to 60% depending on sex, age and region. The highest rate reported among postmenopausal women in Shiraz was over 60%. There was almost a consistent finding that the rate of MetS was higher among women compared with men across national level except in one study. A very sharp difference (43.3% vs. 17.1%) was observed in western Iran (Kordestan province) between sexes. MetS was significantly more prevalent among older adults, postmenopausal women, less-educated people, those living in urban areas and those with low physical activity and unhealthy eating habits across national level consistently.Conclusion: An emerging high rate of MetS across national level highlights the lifestyle modification as preventive measures in Iranian population by focusing primarily on high risk profiles such as low socioeconomic background, low level of education, older age and postmenopausal women.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a popular treatment for adolescent morbid obesity. Research on LSG outcomes among adolescents assessed a narrow range of anthropometric, nutritional, or cardiometabolic parameters, leading to an incomplete picture of these changes. We examined a wide variety of anthropometric, nutritional, and cardiometabolic parameters among adolescents before and after LSG. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of all obese adolescents who underwent LSG at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, between January 2011 and June 2015 ( N = 102). We assessed preoperative levels and postoperative changes in 4 anthropometric, 15 nutritional, and 10 cardiometabolic parameters. Results: The study sample comprised 79 patients with complete information (36 males, mean age 15.99 ± 1.1 years). At a mean of 24.2 months post-LSG, we observed (1) significantly reduced mean weight and body mass index by 51.82 ± 28.1 kg and 17 ± 6.24 kg/m, respectively; (2) the highest prevalence of post-LSG deficiencies pertained to vitamin D, albumin, and ferritin (89.3, 38, and 33.3%, respectively); (3) low hemoglobin levels (29.3%) only in females; (4) trace elements were not deficient; (4) significant reductions in percentage of adolescents with elevated low-density lipoprotein (from 66.1 to 38.9%), alanine aminotransferase (from 45.3 to 10.9%), and aspartate aminotransferase (from 24.1 to 8.6%) levels; (5) 100% remission of prediabetes cases; and (6) 80% remission of type 2 diabetes cases. Conclusions: LSG achieved significant weight loss and improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents. However, the slight worsening of preexisting nutritional deficiencies warrants careful preoperative surveillance and appropriate postoperative nutritional supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of exercise in water and ginger supplementation on cardio metabolic risk factors in obese women with breast cancer. Subjects and Methods: Breast cancer patients included 40 women with a mean age (48±5.8 yr)، weight (76 ± 9 kg) and fat mass (41.8±4 kg) were randomly divided into four groups; the placebo، exercise in water + placebo، ginger supplementation and ginger supplements + exercise in water groups. Ginger supplement was consummated for 6 weeks orally 4 capsule (750 mg). Progressive exercise protocol in the exercise in a pool with a width of 15 meters and a depth of 4 meter، 4/week، a sesstion 60-75 min، for 6 weeks. Data of the adiponectin and insulin resistance index were collected at pre-test and post-test and measured by Elisa and HOMA-IR methods، respectively. Results: Both ginger supplementation and exercise in the water lead to an increase adiponectin، reduce insulin، insulin resistance and blood glucose was higher than before. However، the combination group showed higher increase of adiponectin and decrease in insulin resistance concentration، as compared to each separate experiment. Conclusion: These findings show a protective effect of non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise، ginger supplementation and exercise in waster on the cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a handful of controversial data from observational studies on the serum levels of mannose and risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain estimates of the causal effect of serum mannose on the risk of CAD and on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Two-sample MR was implemented by using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on serum mannose and CAD and cardiometabolic risk factors. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the effects, and a sensitivity analysis including the weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) were applied. Radial MR Methods was applied to remove outliers subject to pleiotropic bias. We further conducted a leave-one-out analysis. Results: Mannose had no significant effect on CAD (IVW: odds ratio: 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.71−1.30)), total cholesterol (TC) (IVW: 95%CI: 0.60−1.08), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.68−1.15), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.85−1.20), triglycerides (TG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.38−1.08), waist circumference (WC) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.94−1.37), body mass index (BMI) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.93−1.29) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.92−1.33), with no heterogeneity for CAD, HDL, WC and BMI (all p > 0.092), while a significant heterogeneity was observed for TC (IVW: Q = 44.503), LDL (IVW: Q = 33.450), TG (IVW: Q = 159.645) and FBG (IVW: Q = 0. 32.132). An analysis of MR-PRESSO and radial plots did not highlight any outliers. The results of the leave-one-out method demonstrated that the links were not driven by a single instrument. Conclusions: We did not find any effect of mannose on adiposity, glucose, TC, LDL, TG and CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with cardio metabolic risk factors among older adults in Ecuador., Materials and Methods: The present study used data from the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing, and Aging survey to examine the prevalence of abdominal obesity according to certain demographic, behavioral, and health characteristics of the participants. Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity with cardio metabolic risk factors., Results: Of 2053 participants aged 60 years and older, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 65.9% (95% CI; 62.2%, 69.4%) in women and 16.3% (95% CI; 13.8%, 19.2%) in men. Notably, a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity was seen among residents in the urban areas of the country, those who reported their race as black or mulatto, individuals with sedentary lifestyle and obesity, and older adults with greater number of comorbidities. Moreover, after adjustment for potential confounders, women with abdominal obesity were 2.0, 2.8, and 1.6 times more likely to have diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridemia as compared with those without, respectively. Likewise, men with abdominal obesity had 51% and 22% higher rates of hypertension and diabetes than their non-obese counterparts, respectively., Conclusions: the prevalence of abdominal obesity is high among older adults in Ecuador. Moreover, abdominal obesity is significantly associated with cardio metabolic risk factors. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate sociodemographic and nutritional determinants of this emerging public health burden among older Ecuadorians., (Copyright © 2017 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex clustering cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dylipedemia. It has been a growing health problem in Iranian adults in recent decade. The objective of this article was to review the prevalence of MetS and the corresponding risk factors among Iranian adults., Methods: We conducted a systematic review to extract the published articles regarding metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among Iranian adults aged >19 years by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases. The forty-three published articles were selected regarding MetS among Iranian adults in this review during 2005-2014., Results: From the 43 studies, the rate of MetS varied from 10% to 60% depending on sex, age and region. The highest rate reported among postmenopausal women in Shiraz was over 60%. There was almost a consistent finding that the rate of MetS was higher among women compared with men across national level except in one study. A very sharp difference (43.3% vs. 17.1%) was observed in western Iran (Kordestan province) between sexes. MetS was significantly more prevalent among older adults, postmenopausal women, less-educated people, those living in urban areas and those with low physical activity and unhealthy eating habits across national level consistently., Conclusion: An emerging high rate of MetS across national level highlights the lifestyle modification as preventive measures in Iranian population by focusing primarily on high risk profiles such as low socioeconomic background, low level of education, older age and postmenopausal women.