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Background One of the lesser-known comes of hypothyroidsm Is Perchlorate exposure. a by-product of legwork:. Recent; ludic in the Mehra island: showed increased concentrator, of perchlorate in dust fat leading to public concerns about as health effects. This study alms to exanSne the hypothyroidism trends In the resident Maltese population and assess for a ink with perchlorate exposure. Methods A retrospective ecological study using laboratory and population data was carried out to calculate the crude and direct age-standardised incidence rates of hypothymicrom in the resident population. Results Stginercanty lower overall age-standardised incidence rates for hypothyroidism were found In the region of Gozo: however no clearly climemitde geographical pattern of hypothyroidism with clear potential link to perchlorate exposure was found. Concluson The lower hypothyroid incidence rates n Gozo warrant a comparative study to establish whether that deference attributable to differing levels of perchlorate exposure from deferent scale of firework use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of games within education becomes clearer as students become more active and are able to take decisions, solve problems and react to the results of those decisions. The educational board game "Discovering the Cell" ("Celula Adentro"), is based on problem-solving learning. This investigative game attempts to stimulate reasoning and interactivity in the classroom as it challenges students to collect, discuss and interpret clues in order to decipher a scientific question ("Case"). Here, we describe the conception, development and evaluation of "Discovering the Cell." The game was tested with students from public and private high schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A questionnaire-based analysis demonstrated how students had adopted this strategy. The majority, from both public and private schools, were able to solve a "Case," as well as apply the learned content when answering a "related question." Taken together, our results indicate the suitability of the game as an alternative strategy to help teach complex cell and molecular biology themes to secondary-level students. (Contains 4 figures and 2 tables.)

Subjects such as techniques for genetic diagnosis, cloning, sequencing, and gene therapy are now part of our lives and raise important questions about ethics, future medical diagnosis, and such. Students from different countries observe this explosion of biotechnological applications regardless of their social, academic, or cultural backgrounds, although they are not usually familiar with their theoretical genetic bases. To introduce some molecular biology concepts for high school students, we developed a new problem for the Brazilian board game "Discovering the cell" ("Celula Adentro[C]" in Portuguese), a pedagogic tool based on inquiry-, cooperative-, and problem-based learning. This problem ("Case") is based on the forensic DNA, which represents an interesting theme for students, as it recurrently appears on newspapers and television series. In this work, we tested this game with secondary students and teachers from Switzerland. Our results indicate that the game "Discovering the cell" is well accepted by both students and teachers and may represent a good pedagogical approach to help teaching complex themes in molecular biology, even with students from different socioeconomical, cultural, and academic backgrounds. (Contains 3 figures, 4 tables and 1 footnote.) [This work was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), FIOCRUZ and Haute Ecole Pedagogique-BEJUNE.]

The advent of genomics, proteomics, and microarray technology has brought much excitement to science, both in teaching and in learning. The public is eager to know about the processes of life. In the present context of the explosive growth of scientific information, a major challenge of modern cell biology is to popularize basic concepts of structures and functions of living cells, to introduce people to the scientific method, to stimulate inquiry, and to analyze and synthesize concepts and paradigms. In this essay we present our experience in mixing science and education in Brazil. For two decades we have developed activities for the science education of teachers and undergraduate students, using microscopy images generated by our work as cell biologists. We describe open-air outreach education activities, games, cell modeling, and other practical and innovative activities presented in public squares and "favelas". Especially in developing countries, science education is important, since it may lead to an improvement in quality of life while advancing understanding of traditional scientific ideas. We show that teaching and research can be mutually beneficial rather than competing pursuits in advancing these goals.

Background: Following blunt trauma, diagnosis of shoulder dislocation based on physical examination alone is difficult due to possible concurrent proximal humeral fractures. X-rays are therefore used to confirm diagnosis. Results from recent observational studies comparing diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) with X-rays for shoulder dislocation have been encouraging. The aim of this study was to determine whether PoCUS improves diagnostic accuracy when used with physical examination for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral fracture and ascertaining successful reduction in the ED.Methods: A prospective, single-centre, open, parallel randomised control study over a 6-month period was used to answer the research question and test the null hypothesis. Consecutive eligible adult patients attending the ED of Mater Dei Hospital in Malta were randomised to either the control (C) (physical examination only) or experimental group (E) (physical examination and a two-point PoCUS scan). The study objectives were to measure diagnostic accuracy for both examinations for detecting shoulder dislocation, any associated proximal humeral fractures and confirming reduction. X-rays were used as reference standard for both groups.Results: 1206 patients were enrolled in this study (C n=600, E n=606). 290 dislocations (C n=132 and E n=158), 332 proximal humeral fractures (C n=154 and E n=178) and 278 reductions (C n=130 and E n=148) were analysed. A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found between the two groups for diagnostic accuracy in shoulder dislocation (C=65%, likelihood ratio (LR)+=2.03 and LR-=0.35 and E=100%, LR+=∞ and LR-=0), proximal humeral fractures (C=45.7%, LR+=1.23 and LR-=0.52 and E=98.3%, LR+=103.9 and LR-=0.03) and reduction (C=68.7%, E=100%). The null hypothesis for this study was thus rejected.Conclusions: The addition of PoCUS to a physical examination significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for dislocations, proximal humeral fractures and reduction confirmation.Trial Registration Number: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number Registry (ISRCTN17048126). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Following blunt trauma, diagnosis of shoulder dislocation based on physical examination alone is difficult due to possible concurrent proximal humeral fractures. X-rays are therefore used to confirm diagnosis. Results from recent observational studies comparing diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) with X-rays for shoulder dislocation have been encouraging. The aim of this study was to determine whether PoCUS improves diagnostic accuracy when used with physical examination for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral fracture and ascertaining successful reduction in the ED., Methods: A prospective, single-centre, open, parallel randomised control study over a 6-month period was used to answer the research question and test the null hypothesis. Consecutive eligible adult patients attending the ED of Mater Dei Hospital in Malta were randomised to either the control (C) (physical examination only) or experimental group (E) (physical examination and a two-point PoCUS scan). The study objectives were to measure diagnostic accuracy for both examinations for detecting shoulder dislocation, any associated proximal humeral fractures and confirming reduction. X-rays were used as reference standard for both groups., Results: 1206 patients were enrolled in this study (C n=600, E n=606). 290 dislocations (C n=132 and E n=158), 332 proximal humeral fractures (C n=154 and E n=178) and 278 reductions (C n=130 and E n=148) were analysed. A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found between the two groups for diagnostic accuracy in shoulder dislocation (C=65%, likelihood ratio (LR)+=2.03 and LR-=0.35 and E=100%, LR+=∞ and LR-=0), proximal humeral fractures (C=45.7%, LR+=1.23 and LR-=0.52 and E=98.3%, LR+=103.9 and LR-=0.03) and reduction (C=68.7%, E=100%). The null hypothesis for this study was thus rejected., Conclusions: The addition of PoCUS to a physical examination significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for dislocations, proximal humeral fractures and reduction confirmation., Trial Registration Number: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number Registry (ISRCTN17048126)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)