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RESUMOO artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a utilização da metodologia do custo meta em uma indústria de conserva de pescado quando do lançamento de um novo líquido de cobertura, que se caracteriza neste ramo como um novo produto. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, por meio da análise de um caso, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Procurou-se inicialmente propiciar a conceituação da metodologia do custo meta ou alvo e sua principal ferramenta, a engenharia de valor. Em seguida, demonstra-se a aplicação desta metodologia em um caso de desenvolvimento de novo produto em uma indústria de conserva de pescado. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a viabilidade da utilização da metodologia do custo meta neste seguimento de produto, com vistas ao atendimento das exigências do mercado consumidor.ABSTRACTThe present work has the objective of demonstrating the use of target cost methodology in a canned fish industry in the launching of new liquid topping, which is a new product in the field. An exploratory research was made by a case study with qualitative approach. At first the concept of the target cost methodology was provided, the value engineering. Then the implementation of such methodology was demonstrated in a product development case study in a canned fish industry. The results of the research evidenced the viability of the use of the target cost methodology in the product field, in order to attempt to the market exigencies.RESUMENEl artículo tiene por finalidad demostrar el uso de la metodología del costo meta en una industria de conservas de pescado cuando se realizó el lanzamiento de un nuevo líquido de cobertura, que en este ramo se considera un producto nuevo. Para esto se realizó una investigación exploratoria, por medio del análisis de un caso, con planteamiento predominantemente cualitativo. Inicialmente se buscó propiciar la conceptuación de la metodología del costo meta y su principal instrumento, la ingeniería de valor. En seguida, se demuestra la aplicación de esta metodología en un caso de desarrollo de nuevo producto en una industria de conservas de pescado. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la viabilidad del uso de la metodología del costo meta en este segmento de producto, con el propósito de atender las exigencias del mercado consumidor.

Os objetivos do experimento foram determinar os efeitos de cinco níveis de concentrados na dieta sobre a eficiência de síntese microbiana, as concentrações de amônia e os valores de pH ruminal, o balanço de compostos nitrogenados e a taxa de passagem da digesta pelo rúmen de novilhos F1 Limousin x Nelore. Utilizaram-se cinco animais fistulados no rúmen, abomaso e íleo, com peso médio de 279 kg, distribuídos em quadrado latino 5 x 5, alimentados à vontade com feno de capim-coastcross e porcentagens de 25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5; e 75,0% de concentrado. Amostras de líquido de rúmen para determinação de amônia e pH foram obtidas antes e 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após o arraçoamento dos animais. As bases purinas foram o indicador microbiano utilizado e as bactérias do rúmen foram isoladas por centrifugação diferencial. A taxa de passagem foi obtida com infusão de dose única de 20 g de óxido crômico e os tempos avaliados foram imediatamente antes da infusão do indicador e 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas após. O fluxo de nitrogênio bacteriano (Nbact) no abomaso e a eficiência microbiana em relação aos carboidratos degradados no rúmen (CHODR) não foram influenciados pelos níveis de concentrado, observando-se valores médios de 85,69 g Nbact/dia, 41,09 g Nbact/kgCHODR e 472,44 g MSbact/kgCHODR. As concentrações máximas de amônia de 17,56 mg/100mL de fluido ruminal ocorreram 2,77 horas após a alimentação. O pH do rúmen diminuiu linearmente com os níveis de concentrados e foi influenciado de forma quadrática pelo tempo de coleta. Foram observadas taxas de passagem da digesta ruminal de 0,059; 0,053; 0,073; 0,068; e 0,041.h-1, para os respectivos níveis de 25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 62,5; e 75,0% de concentrado. O aumento do concentrado na dieta não alterou o crescimento microbiano no rúmen.

Expansive soils are characterized by volumetric changes caused by variations in moisture. They can cause several damages to civil constructions, especially to lightweight structures, including cracks and fissures. Chemical stabilization through addition of lime is one of the most effective techniques used to treat this type of soil. Due to cationic exchanges, lime can significantly reduce swell potential. This research studied a disturbed sample of expansive soil collected in Nossa Senhora do Socorro – Sergipe, Brazil, through the following laboratory tests: sieve and hydrometer tests, Atterberg Limits, compaction, free swell and swell pressure. All direct and indirect methods mentioned in this paper indicated that the natural soil presented high to very high degree of expansion, which reached approximately 20% of free swell and nearly 200 kPa of swell pressure. In order to evaluate the effect of lime, the same tests were conducted in soil-lime mixtures, using lime contents of 3%, 6% and 9%. The results confirmed the efficiency of lime stabilization. It was noted that, as lime content increased, there was reduction of clay fraction and increment of silt fraction; plasticity index decreased to nearly its half; compaction curve was displaced; and free swell and swell pressure reduced significantly.

• This paper systematically creates a typology of Chinese secondary cities based on their HQD performance; • TOPSIS evaluation and K-means clustering are the main methods employed; • We identify five distinctive secondary city types in Chinese mega-regions facing different challenges; • The typology is a valuable foundation for target policymaking and implementing HQD in secondary cities. The governmental initiative of high-quality development (HQD) marks a shift in the Chinese development paradigm from prioritizing speed to prioritizing quality towards comprehensive goals of economic growth, social vitality, innovation capacity, industrial upgrading, regional cooperation, and green transformation. This initiative is increasingly discussed within the framework of mega-regions, with prior studies demonstrating that they are critical arenas for promoting HQD visions. However, unevenness within mega-regions has become an important limitation to this vision. Namely, significant disparities exist between mega-regional core cities and the smaller neighboring cities in most HQD indicators. This paper conceptualizes these smaller players as secondary cities. Based on this, this paper aims to understand and differentiate the specific challenges of secondary cities facing intra-regional unevenness in the context of HQD. We build an evaluation framework and employ the TOPSIS method to evaluate 34 core cities and 180 secondary cities. Then, we introduce typological thinking to develop a meaningful classification of secondary cities based on the results of these evaluations. K-means clustering analysis identifies five secondary city types with similar profiles. The analysis supports the discussion of the characteristics and challenges of each type and may contribute to policy recommendations for a balanced HQD in mega-regional secondary cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the hemodynamic safety is a major concern about intradialytic exercise with blood flow restriction, this analysis was performed to compare the blood pressure (BP) behavior during the first two hours of hemodialysis (HD) between sessions with no exercise (control group, CG), low/moderate intensity aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFRE) and conventional aerobic exercise (AE). Adult patients with chronic kidney disease on HD at a university hospital were randomly assigned and submitted to a 12-week intradialytic training with BFRE or AE compared with the CG group. The main outcomes of this report were the change in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP during HD and the frequency of low BP (LBP) and high BP (HBP) episodes. A total of 6,074 BP measurements of 58 patients were analyzed. There was a larger decrease in BP in the exercise sessions compared with the control sessions, but with a similar magnitude in the BFRE and AE groups (effect size 0.49). There was a higher number of LBP in the BFRE group. The frequency of HBP was similar between the BFRE and the CG groups and lower in the AE group. Despite a greater number of mild LBP in BFRE patients, the BP change during the first two hours of HD was similar to that of patients in AE. Intradialytic aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction does not seem to be associated with a higher hemodynamic burden than conventional aerobic exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of stigma and discrimination against the LGBT adolescents' psychic suffering. Qualitative study conducted in a specialized outpatient service of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Secondary Care of the Federal District's Health Secretariat. Nine adolescents participated. Indepth interviews facilitated data collection, and data were analyzed with Iramuteq software and Bardin's Content Analysis. Gender identity and sexual orientation intolerance based on heteronormativity violate human rights and are relevant social determinants in health, and overcoming the psychological distress problems identified, combined with respect for human rights of the LGBT community, is an essential vector for facing adolescent health inequalities. Discrimination against LGBT adolescents is a social determinant that health services must address since its leads to harmful consequences, such as school dropouts, lack of opportunities, family bond losses, and suicidal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portfolio selection has been the subject of extensive study to obtain increased returns, minimizing the investment risk. However, the most appropriate risk measure to consider is still an open problem. The aim of this work is to study different risk measures in the multiobjective portfolios optimization with cardinality constraint and rebalancing. The in-sample analysis compares the fronts of each algorithm, metric and range of cardinality, and out-of-sample analysis compares the results of each measure of risk with each other and with two benchmarks. The returns of portfolios are compared in terms of assets choice and assignment of weights. Statistical tests are performed to verify if any measure of risk shows superiority. Results indicate that downside risk measures can reduce the cardinality and the risk of financial drawdown without reducing drawup, once they are able to reduce just the negative historical returns scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the optimal planning of vaccination campaigns, using an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm and a stochastic simulation of the epidemics dynamics in order to determine robust vaccination policies. A biobjective model is formulated, considering the minimization of control costs and number of infected individuals. The decision variables include number of campaigns, percentage of vaccination and time interval between each campaign. A SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model and an IBM (Individual-Based Model) are employed for representing the epidemics. A two-stage optimization process is proposed: a set of nondominated steady-state regimes is obtained and one of them is selected to be concatenated to the transient regime vaccination policies. An evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm is proposed, with a local search procedure based on quadratic approximation supported by a hash table information storage. The resulting nondominated solutions are simulated in the IBM, in order to detect and discard the non-robust solutions. Final results show that optimal robust vaccination campaigns with different trade-offs can be designed, allowing policymakers to choose the best strategy according to the monetary cost and the expected efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biota Neotropica (Edicao em Iingles) is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biota Neotropica (Edicao em Iingles) is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)