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1. Submarine giant pumice: a window into the shallow conduit dynamics of a recent silicic eruption

Author

Mitchell, Samuel J, Houghton, Bruce F, Carey, Rebecca J, Manga, Michael, Fauria, Kristen E, Jones, Max P, Soule, S Adam, Conway, Chris E, Wei, Zihan, and Giachetti, Thomas

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics, Giant pumice, Submarine volcanism, Banding, Tube pumice, Bubble deformation, Conduit dynamics, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

Meter-scale vesicular blocks, termed “giant pumice,” are characteristic primary products of many subaqueous silicic eruptions. The size of giant pumices allows us to describe meter-scale variations in textures and geochemistry with implications for shearing processes, ascent dynamics, and thermal histories within submarine conduits prior to eruption. The submarine eruption of Havre volcano, Kermadec Arc, in 2012, produced at least 0.1 km3 of rhyolitic giant pumice from a single 900-m-deep vent, with blocks up to 10 m in size transported to at least 6 km from source. We sampled and analyzed 29 giant pumices from the 2012 Havre eruption. Geochemical analyses of whole rock and matrix glass show no evidence for geochemical heterogeneities in parental magma; any textural variations can be attributed to crystallization of phenocrysts and microlites, and degassing. Extensive growth of microlites occurred near conduit walls where magma was then mingled with ascending microlite-poor, low viscosity rhyolite. Meter- to micron-scale textural analyses of giant pumices identify diversity throughout an individual block and between the exteriors of individual blocks. We identify evidence for post-disruption vesicle growth during pumice ascent in the water column above the submarine vent. A 2D cumulative strain model with a flared, shallow conduit may explain observed vesicularity contrasts (elongate tube vesicles vs spherical vesicles). Low vesicle number densities in these pumices from this high-intensity silicic eruption demonstrate the effect of hydrostatic pressure above a deep submarine vent in suppressing rapid late-stage bubble nucleation and inhibiting explosive fragmentation in the shallow conduit.

Published
2019

2. Transition of eruptive style: Pumice raft to dome-forming eruption at the Havre submarine volcano, southwest Pacific Ocean

Author

Manga, Michael, Mitchell, Samuel J, Degruyter, Wim, and Carey, Rebecca J

Subjects
Life Below Water, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

Transitions in eruptive style are common at volcanoes. Understanding how and why these transitions occur remain open questions. The 2012 eruption of the submarine Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc (southwest Pacific Ocean) produced a raft of floating pumice followed by a pair of domes from the same vent. Here, we used measurements on erupted magmas and constraints on the eruption rate, combined with a model for magma ascent, to identify the dominant controls on the transition in eruption style. During the raft-forming stage, magma ascent was fast enough that little gas was lost. Magma reached the seafloor with great enough vesicularity to be buoyant and produce clasts that could float. As the eruption waned, the eruption rate decreased, and the conduit narrowed. Sufficient gas was then lost to the surrounding country rocks during ascent such that the erupted magma was no longer buoyant relative to seawater. Most of the original dissolved water in the magma was lost to the crust surrounding the conduit during the dome-forming stage.

Published
2018

14. Contributors

Author

Acocella, Valerio, primary, Andrews, Graham D.M., additional, Andrews, Benjamin, additional, Angelis, Silvio De, additional, Arnórsson, Stefán, additional, Aspinall, Willy, additional, Aubele, Jayne C., additional, Barclay, Jenni, additional, Baxter, Peter J., additional, Bebbington, Mark, additional, Belousov, Alexander, additional, Bernard, Alain, additional, Bernstein, Marc, additional, Bleacher, Jacob Elvin, additional, Blong, Russell, additional, Bonadonna, Costanza, additional, Branney, Michael, additional, Brown, Richard J., additional, Browne, Brandon, additional, Burgisser, Alain, additional, Bursik, Marcus, additional, Büttner, Ralf, additional, Calder, Eliza S., additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carey, Rebecca J., additional, Carn, Simon A., additional, Cas, Ray, additional, Cashman, Katharine V., additional, Chiodini, Giovanni, additional, Cioni, Raffaello, additional, Clarke, Amanda Bachtell, additional, Clarkson, Bruce D., additional, Coffin, Millard F., additional, Cole, Paul D., additional, Connor, Chuck, additional, Connor, Charles B., additional, Cornelis, Jean-Thomas, additional, Costa, Antonio, additional, Cottrell, Elizabeth, additional, Crisafulli, Charles M., additional, Crown, David A., additional, Crumpler, Larry S., additional, Daines, Martha J., additional, Davies, Tim, additional, Day, Simon J., additional, Degruyter, Wim, additional, Dehn, Jonathan, additional, de la Cruz, Servando, additional, Deligne, Natalia Irma, additional, Dellino, Pierfrancesco, additional, Delmelle, Pierre, additional, de Ronde, Cornel E.J., additional, de Silva, Shan, additional, Dufek, Josef, additional, Edmonds, Marie, additional, Edwards, Benjamin R., additional, Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia, additional, Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso, additional, Ewert, John W., additional, Fee, David, additional, Fischer, Tobias P., additional, Folch, Arnau, additional, Freymueller, Jeffrey T., additional, Garry, William Brent, additional, Geissler, Paul, additional, Ghiorso, Mark S., additional, Goff, Fraser, additional, Goff, Cathy J., additional, Gonnermann, Helge, additional, Gregg, Chris E., additional, Grove, Timothy L., additional, Gualda, Guilherme A.R., additional, Gudmundsson, Magnús T., additional, Halvorson, Jonathan J., additional, Harris, Andrew J.L., additional, Hauri, Erik H., additional, Haynes, Katharine, additional, Head, James W., additional, Henley, Richard W., additional, Horwell, Claire J., additional, Houghton, Bruce, additional, Ian Schipper, C., additional, Ivanov, Mikhail A., additional, Iverson, Richard M., additional, James, Michael R., additional, Johnson, Jeffrey, additional, Johnston, David, additional, Jolly, Gill, additional, Kano, Kazuhiko, additional, Kendrick, Jackie E., additional, Kilburn, Christopher R.J., additional, Koppers, Anthony A.P., additional, Koyaguchi, Takehiro, additional, LaFemina, Peter C., additional, Lavallée, Yan, additional, Lesher, Charles E., additional, Lindsay, Jan M., additional, Locke, Corinne A., additional, Lopes, Rosaly M.C., additional, Marsh, Bruce D., additional, Marzocchi, Warner, additional, Maters, Elena, additional, McNutt, Stephen R., additional, McPhie, Jocelyn, additional, Murray, John B., additional, Neri, Augusto, additional, Opfergelt, Sophie, additional, Oppenheimer, Clive, additional, Pallister, John, additional, Pec, Matej, additional, Ping, Chien-Lu, additional, Pistolesi, Marco, additional, Plank, Terry, additional, Prata, Fred, additional, Pyle, David M., additional, Rampino, Michael R., additional, Robock, Alan, additional, Roche, Olivier, additional, Rogers, Nick, additional, Roman, Diana C., additional, Rose, Bill, additional, Rosi, Mauro, additional, Rowland, Scott K., additional, Russell, James K., additional, Rymer, Hazel, additional, Scheu, Bettina, additional, Self, Stephen, additional, Sheets, Payson, additional, Siebert, Lee, additional, Sigurdsson, Haraldur, additional, Soule, S. Adam, additional, Spera, Frank J., additional, Spudis, Paul D., additional, Staudigel, Hubert, additional, Stefánsson, Andri, additional, Stimac, James, additional, Stucker, Valerie K., additional, Swanson, Frederick J., additional, Szramek, Lindsay, additional, Taddeucci, Jacopo, additional, Taisne, Benoit, additional, Thomas, Ronald J., additional, Thompson, Glenn, additional, Thórhallsson, Sverrir, additional, Till, Christy B., additional, Valentine, Greg A., additional, Vallance, James W., additional, Van Eaton, Alexa R., additional, van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin, additional, Venzke, Edward, additional, Vergniolle, Sylvie, additional, Wallace, Paul J., additional, White, James D.L., additional, Williams-Jones, Glyn, additional, Williams, David A., additional, Wilson, Lionel, additional, Wohletz, Kenneth H., additional, Wolff, John A., additional, Zimanowski, Bernd, additional, and Zimbelman, James R., additional

Published
2015
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18. Patterns of bubble bursting and weak explosive activity in an active lava lake—Halema‘uma‘u, Kīlauea, 2015

Author

Mintz, Bianca G., primary, Houghton, Bruce F., additional, Llewellin, Edward W., additional, Orr, Tim R., additional, Taddeucci, Jacopo, additional, Carey, Rebecca J., additional, Kueppers, Ulrich, additional, Gaudin, Damien, additional, Patrick, Matthew R., additional, Burton, Michael, additional, Scarlato, Piergiorgio, additional, and La Spina, Alessandro, additional

Published
2021
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30. Externally triggered renewed bubble nucleation in basaltic magma: The 12 October 2008 eruption at Halemaumau Overlook vent, Klauea, Hawai'i, USA

Author

Carey Rebecca J., Manga Michael Mai, Degruyter Wim, Swanson Donald A., Houghton Bruce F., Orr Tim R., and Patrick Matthew R.

Abstract

From October 2008 until present dozens of small impulsive explosive eruptions occurred from the Overlook vent on the southeast side of Halemaumau Crater at Klauea volcano USA. These eruptions were triggered by rockfalls from the walls of the volcanic vent and conduit onto the top of the lava column. Here we use microtextural observations and data from clasts erupted during the well characterized 12 October 2008 explosive eruption at Halemaumau to extend existing models of eruption triggering. We present a potential mechanism for this eruption by combining microtextural observations with existing geophysical and visual data sets. We measure the size and number density of bubbles preserved in juvenile ejecta using 2D images and X ray microtomography. Our data suggest that accumulations of large bubbles with diameters of >50 m to at least millimeters existed at shallow levels within the conduit prior to the 12 October 2008 explosion. Furthermore a high number density of small bubbles

Published
2012
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