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A pandemia da Covid-19 forçou a virtualização de diversas áreas. Em vista disso, este trabalho objetivou analisar as estratégias de divulgação científica adotadas por um centro de ciências itinerante, o Ciências Sob Tendas, nesse contexto. Utilizamos a netnografia como metodologia e analisamos os dados métricos obtidos pelo Facebook e constatamos que as 118 postagens do ano de 2020 utilizaram cinco categorias de fotos e seis de vídeos, sendo as imagens aquelas que obtiveram maior interação. Descobrimos que os seguidores do perfil são compostos, em sua maioria, por mulheres entre 20 e 30 anos, diferente do público das atividades presenciais. O perfil do Ciências Sob Tendas se moldou de um caráter de Comunicação Organizacional para um perfil de Comunicação Científica, com um maior compartilhamento de eventos e lives científicas. Uma das medidas foi a criação do quadro "Será que a ciência responde?". Além disso, 95,1% das postagens não apresentaram nenhum aspecto inclusivo. A partir desses achados e outros, consideramos que é possível uma virtualização interativa da divulgação científica através das redes sociais, porém com um público-alvo diferente.

Em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19, os impactos não se manifestaram apenas em um problema epidemiológico, geraram efeitos cascatas em uma série de atividades frente às respostas de isolamento social. No campo das políticas educacionais, os prejuízos foram significativos, considerando as dificuldades que já enfrentavam os estudantes no sistema de ensino público brasileiro, em especial os estudantes com deficiência visual. Para entender como esses estudantes enfrentaram essa crise epidemiológica, foi aplicada uma pesquisa em uma universidade com o objetivo de analisar a acessibilidade digital e a usabilidade das ferramentas dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem nas aulas remotas e quais ferramentas digitais são mais adequadas no pós-pandemia. A metodologia permeou uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizada com estudantes com deficiência visual dos Cursos de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que as plataformas mais acessíveis e que deverão permanecer no ensino, foram Google Meet e Google Classroom.

Introdução: A pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 destacou o trabalho dos fisioterapeutas, sobretudo em relação à assistência aos pacientes acometidos pela Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, também conhecida como Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objetivo: O presente estudo visou destacar a importância do trabalho dos fisioterapeutas no cuidado aos pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que utilizou as bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Medline/Pubmed e seguintes descritores: COVID-19 and Respiratory Syndrome and Physical therapy. Os critérios de inclusão foram os estudos publicados de dezembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e francês, disponíveis online, na íntegra e com abordagem plena do conteúdo. Resultados: Foram encontrados 160 artigos, dos quais 32 foram selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Os estudos relataram melhora clínica e funcional a partir das intervenções fisioterapêuticas aplicadas aos pacientes, sendo as medidas com maior impacto positivo na mobilização precoce, aspirações de secreções, monitoramento da ventilação mecânica e reabilitação. É de suma importância o fisioterapeuta estar inserido na equipe multidisciplinar que compõe o ambiente hospitalar.

A hemoterapia é uma área em constante evolução, exigindo que os profissionais atuantes estejam em constante aprendizado. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento histórico torna-se uma importante base de dados, que permite o aprendizado. No que se refere à hemoterapia brasileira há poucos documentos atualizados que se comprometam a relatar os principais avanços realizados no Brasil, desde sua colonização, sendo, portanto, o objetivo deste artigo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os avanços da medicina transfusional brasileira de 1500 até 2020. Para atingir esse objetivo, pesquisamos nas plataformas NCBI (National Center of Biotechnology Information), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), SCIELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e Google Scholar (Google Acadêmico), as palavras chaves “Hemoterapia História”, “Hemoterapia brasileira”, “transfusão Brasil” e “Sangue Brasil Colonial”. A análise da literatura mostrou que o principal incentivo dos avanços na medicina brasileira foram os conflitos políticos e sociais, além da vinda da corte portuguesa ao Brasil, o que permitiu a organização dos cirurgiões, sangradores e a criação de faculdades de Medicina. Os investimentos em pesquisa, ensino e saúde permitiram que a primeira transfusão brasileira fosse realizada em 1879, enquanto as mudanças políticas internas e externas ao País promoveram investimentos na modernização e organização da hemoterapia. A partir de 1980, houve uma forte restruturação nas políticas nacionais, que findou as doações pagas, construiu o SUS e estabeleceram os critérios para o tratamento do sangue, seguindo o fluxo dos avanços. O Brasil se dedicou a produção de kits de testes diagnósticos próprios para utilização na hemorede, com adaptação de suas diretrizes frente a situações de epidemias e pandemias e atualizações em seus regimentos que são seguidos até hoje e seguem em aperfeiçoamento.

Thousands of community pharmacies in Brazil provide daily access to medicines. This study aims to identify the perception of undergraduate pharmacy students about the contribution of the pharmacist in the community pharmacy to the improvement of health care. The data for this research were obtained through the students’ comments in an online discussion forum. To analyze qualitative data, the thematic content analysis technique was used. Students often stated that the pharmacy provides easy access to medicines and to a qualified health professional; the pharmacist’s presence contributes to the recognition of the pharmacy as a health establishment. The pharmacy role transcends dispensing and the clerk does not replace the pharmacist. The results show a valorization of the pharmaceutical care quality promotion.

Snakebite envenoming is a health concern and has been a neglected tropical disease since 2017, according to the World Health Organization. In this study, we evaluated the ability of ten 1,2,3-triazole derivatives AM001 to AM010 to inhibit pertinent in vitro (coagulant, hemolytic, and proteolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, edematogenic, and lethal) activities of Bothrops jararaca venom. The derivatives were synthesized, and had their molecular structures fully characterized by CHN element analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance. The derivatives were incubated with the B. jararaca venom (incubation protocol) or administered before (prevention protocol) or after (treatment protocol) the injection of B. jararaca venom into the animals. Briefly, the derivatives were able to inhibit the main toxic effects triggered by B. jararaca venom, though with varying efficacies, and they were devoid of toxicity through in vivo, in silico or in vitro analyses. However, it seemed that the derivatives AM006 or AM010 inhibited more efficiently hemorrhage or lethality, respectively. The derivatives were nontoxic. Therefore, the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives may be useful as an adjuvant to more efficiently treat the local toxic effects caused by B. jararaca envenoming.

Com o advento da Educação 4.0 que se baseia no conceito do aprender fazendo, novas diretrizes educacionais vêm sendo encorajadas, assim como modificações no processo ensino-aprendizagem e na relação professor-aluno. Nesse contexto, o aluno passa a ser protagonista do seu próprio aprendizado e o professor o mediador de circunstâncias e ações que levem a aprendizagem do aluno, com a tecnologia naturalmente envolvida nessas etapas. A metodologia ativa, em especial STEAM, e a robótica educativa surgem como fortes aliados nesse processo, aproximando estudantes das tendências tecnológicas do cotidiano e da filosofia do aprender fazendo. Sensíveis ao discurso de que a escola precisa se adaptar as novas demandas educacionais as autoras, leigas em robótica e em eletrônica, iniciam, por meios próprios, um trabalho com robótica educativa na perspectiva da Educação 4.0, com placa Arduino. Ao longo de seis meses, uma oficina foi implementada com informações obtidas na internet e aplicada a dois grupos de níveis extremos de alunos, com as devidas adaptações, pré-escola (estudantes com Altas Habilidades ou Superdotação) e licenciandos em matemática, num processo de formação docente. A motivação dos alunos e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas autoras professoras na aquisição de conhecimento mínimo para a implantação da oficina estimularam a elaboração desse guia básico e prático de robótica educativa, com placa Arduino UNO, com linguagem simples, sem preocupação com o rigor técnico e voltado a capacitação de professores, como ponto de partida para estimular a implantação de atividades de ciência e tecnologia nas escolas brasileiras e a filosofia da Educação 4.0.

O papel da literatura infantojuvenil na construção identitária das crianças negras e no estabelecimento de relações étnico-raciais positivas ainda necessita de discussão e de reconhecimento. Para tanto, este artigo objetivou promover algumas considerações sobre a autoria negra e a caracterização dos personagens negros em obras literárias. Destacaram-se nele Zum Zum Zumbiiiiiiii e Olelê: uma antiga cantiga da África como narrativas potentes para a inclusão da diversidade. O estudo assentou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, nas normas educacionais, na afrocentricidade (ASANTE, 2009) e nos valores civilizatórios afro-brasileiros (TRINDADE, 2010). Diante do que foi analisado, verificou-se a relevância da literatura infantojuvenil de temática negra na ampliação da percepção de mundo das crianças, no respeito às diferenças, na valorização da história da população negra e na identificação racial.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with itch, eczematous lesions and impaired quality of life (QoL). Although the frequency of skin pain in AD is often underestimated, it is associated with a substantial health burden, similar to itch and is known to contribute to sleep disruption and mood disturbance. Abrocitinib is an oral, once-daily, selective Janus kinase-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. In phase 3 clinical trials JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060) and JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871), abrocitinib demonstrated rapid relief from itch and skin pain, as well as meaningful improvements in QoL compared with placebo. The interrelationships between abrocitinib treatment and improvements in itch, skin pain and QoL have not yet been investigated. This mediation analysis aimed to characterize the effect of abrocitinib treatment via itch and skin pain on dermatology-specific QoL in patients with AD. Data from JADE MONO-1 and JADE MONO-2 were pooled in this analysis. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD received abrocitinib (200 or 100 mg) as monotherapy or placebo for 12 weeks. Three separate models were evaluated whereby QoL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, and itch and skin pain were assessed via the Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD) items #1 (How itchy was your skin over the past 24 h?) and #2 (How painful was your skin over the past 24 h?), respectively. The cross-sectional mediation model (CSMM) was run separately at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 using all available data at each timepoint. The longitudinal mediation model (LMM), which does not assume independence among measurements of itch, skin pain and DLQI at each timepoint, estimated relationships using all available data from all weeks simultaneously. Based on the results of the CSMM and LMM, a pseudo-steady-state model, in which the relationship among variables was assumed to be the same across timepoints, was applied. Effects with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. In the CSMM, the indirect effect of abrocitinib on DLQI mediated via itch was considered approximately stable (24–30%) for the first 8 weeks before increasing at week 12 (42%), while the indirect effect mediated via skin pain was considered approximately stable from week 2 to week 12 (33–41%). In the LMM, the indirect effect of abrocitinib treatment on DLQI mediated via both itch and skin pain was considered approximately stable from week 2 to week 12 (17–26% and 42–48%, respectively). The cross-sectional and longitudinal models were generally consistent and indicated a pseudo-steady-state period between weeks 2 and 12. Using the pseudo-steady-state model, the direct effect of abrocitinib on DLQI was estimated to be 34.8% (P < 0.0001), and the indirect effects mediated via itch and skin pain were estimated to be 19.5% and 45.8%, respectively (P ≤ 0.0001 for both). Improvements in dermatology-specific QoL with abrocitinib are mostly mediated indirectly via a reduction in skin pain and less so by relief of itch. These findings warrant further research to examine to what extent patients consider itch and skin pain as separate concepts in terms of their impact on dermatology-specific QoL.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itch, skin pain and impaired quality of life. Skin pain is a common and bothersome symptom of AD and increases in prevalence and intensity with worsening disease severity. Abrocitinib is an oral, once-daily, selective Janus kinase-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. Abrocitinib treatment resulted in improvements in skin clearance as well as rapid itch reduction in patients with moderate-to-severe AD across multiple phase 3 studies. Work productivity loss and activity impairment were assessed in the phase 3 JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871) trial, with greater improvements being associated with abrocitinib treatment compared with placebo. The mechanism(s) through which abrocitinib reduces work productivity loss and activity impairment are unclear. To describe the interrelationships among abrocitinib treatment, itch, skin pain, and work productivity and activity impairment using a mediation modelling analysis in patients with AD. Data from adult patients treated with abrocitinib monotherapy (200 or 100 mg) or placebo in JADE MONO-2 were included in this analysis. As separate outcomes, work productivity loss and activity impairment (outcome variables) were measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Atopic Dermatitis version 2.0 (WPAI-AD 2.0). Itch and skin pain (mediator variables) were evaluated using the Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD) item #1 (How itchy was your skin over the past 24 h?) and item #2 (How painful was your skin over the past 24 h?), respectively. Mediation modelling was conducted independently for work productivity loss and activity impairment. All available data at week 12 were used in the modelling. Effects with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The direct effects of abrocitinib were estimated to be 7.3% (P = 0.779) and 17.5% (P = 0.258) on work productivity loss and activity impairment, respectively. The indirect effects of abrocitinib treatment on work productivity loss and, separately, on activity impairment mediated via itch were estimated to be 50.6% (P = 0.017) and 20.9% (P = 0.062), respectively, and via skin, pain were estimated to be 42.1% and 61.5%, respectively, (P < 0.05 for both). The indirect effect of abrocitinib treatment on work productivity loss is mediated approximately equally through the reduction in itch severity and skin pain. The effect of abrocitinib treatment on activity impairment is mostly mediated indirectly through the reduction of skin pain, along with a smaller indirect contribution from the reduction in itch. These findings support further research into the extent that patients consider itch and skin pain as separate concepts in terms of their impact on work productivity.

O trabalho da equipe de enfermagem é de extrema importância porque exige deles a competência técnica para atuar na linha de frente da pandemia o que gera muitas vezes desgaste físico, mental emocional, responsabilidade com vidas, enfrentamento do medo que podem impactar de forma negativa a satisfação com no local de trabalho. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva que optou-se pelo método de revisão da literatura que visa mostrar o protagonismo da enfermagem no enfretamento da pandemia ocasionado pela COVID-19. Os estudos foram coletados nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), (SciELO). Resultados: As principais dificuldades encontradas pela equipe de enfermagem durante a linha de frente no controle da pandemia foi a falta de segurança, insumos, falta de equipamentos de segura. Os cuidados da equipe de enfermagem ficou evidente os cuidados em relação a mudanças de protocolos, ações educativas e orientações aos pacientes e família. Conclusão: Portanto, apesar de toda uma força tarefa a nível global que foi mobilizada ainda existem dificuldades que os profissionais da saúde enfrentam por conta da pandemia, visto que a questão do cuidado também se faz por intermedido de ações gerenciais de leitos, insumos, contratação e treinamento de recursos humanos e implementação de medidas de combate ao estresse laboral.

Objetivo. Identificar artigos, dissertações e teses brasileiras relacionadas a neurogenética do autismo, entre os anos de 2017 e 2020. Método. A triagem dos trabalhos publicados nas grandes áreas das ciências biológicas e ciências da saúde foi realizada por meio das bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO e plataforma CAPES. Resultados. Identificaram-se 225 trabalhos, divididos em 123 artigos científicos, indexados nas bases de dados e 102 trabalhos de pós-graduação. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão resultaram em 14 pesquisas acerca dos fatores genéticos e neurobiológicos na população brasileira. Conclusões. O crescimento exponencial de casos de autismo corrobora a relevância das pesquisas voltadas para a identificação e compreensão dos fatores moleculares no autismo. Devido à complexidade da etiologia, é fundamental a realização de mais estudos em neurogenética na população brasileira, capazes de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de testes moleculares mais efetivos no diagnóstico e tratamento deste transtorno.

Introduction The search for an animal model capable of reproducing the physiopathology of the COVID-19, and also suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drugs has become a challenge for many researchers. Areas covered This work reviews the current animal models for in vivo tests with SARS-CoV-2 as well as the challenges involved in the safety and efficacy trials. Expert opinion Studies have reported the use of nonhuman primates, ferrets, mice, Syrian hamsters, lagomorphs, mink, and zebrafish in experiments that aimed to understand the course of COVID-19 or test vaccines and other drugs. In contrast, the assays with animal hyperimmune sera have only been used in in vitro assays. Finding an animal that faithfully reproduces all the characteristics of the disease in humans is difficult. Some models may be more complex to work with, such as monkeys, or require genetic manipulation so that they can express the human ACE2 receptor, as in the case of mice. Although some models are more promising, possibly the use of more than one animal model represents the best scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish an ideal animal model to help in the development of other treatment strategies besides vaccines.

O presente artigo analisa a experiência da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) no processo de creditação das ações de extensão nos currículos dos cursos de graduação, por meio da análise documental dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) que já foram reformulados com base nas orientações do Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024 e das Diretrizes para a Extensão na Educação Superior Brasileira. A análise foi inscrita numa perspectiva qualitativa e indicou que esta política tem contribuído para fortalecer a articulação entre os eixos ensino, pesquisa e extensão; promover a interdisciplinaridade e a discussão sobre temáticas de grande relevância social; e dinamizar os currículos, por meio da utilização de diversas metodologias e linguagens no planejamento dos componentes que fazem parte do eixo formativo extensionista. Os cursos de graduação têm planejado diferentes modalidades de ações extensionistas, a depender da área do conhecimento do qual estão inseridos e do público-alvo que pretendem alcançar. Observou-se uma predominância da creditação de ações extensionistas realizadas por meio Disciplinas Curriculares de Extensão (DCExts) em relação as Atividades Curriculares de Extensão (ACEs), realizadas por meio de Projetos e Programas de extensão.

Aging is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and oxidative stress is a key element responsible for the development of age-related pathologies. In addition, the alteration of circadian rhythms also contributes to cardiovascular pathology, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. We investigated the aging consequences on the temporal patterns of antioxidant defenses, the molecular clock machinery, and the blood pressure, in the heart of male rats maintained under constant darkness (free running) conditions. Male Holtzman rats from young adult (3-month-old) and older (22-month-old) groups were maintained under constant darkness (12-h dark:12-h dark, DD) condition during fifteen days before the experiment. After the DD period, heart ventricle samples were isolated every 4-h throughout a 24-h period. We observed circadian rhythms of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA expression, as well as ultradian rhythms of Nrf2 mRNA levels, in the heart of young adult rats. We also found circadian oscillations of CAT and GPx enzymatic activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and BMAL1 protein in the same group. Interestingly, aging abolished the rhythms of CAT and GPx enzymatic activities, phase-shifted the rhythm's acrophases of GSH and BMAL1 protein levels and turned circadian the ultradian oscillation of Nrf2 expression. Moreover, aging phase-shifted the circadian pattern of systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, aging modifies the temporal organization of antioxidant defenses and blood pressure, probably, as a consequence of a disruption in the circadian rhythm of the clock's transcriptional regulator, BMAL1, in heart.

O exercício da profissão docente na área das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação é desafiador e requer uma formação preocupada com essa temática. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa investiga a percepção das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação, na área de ciências exatas e da terra, junto a dois grupos de atores: licenciandos e professores em exercício. O trabalho faz um comparativo entre os grupos pesquisados com a finalidade de verificar se a prática docente e as formações subsequentes modificam a percepção do professor no que diz respeito às AH/S. Observam-se, ainda, aspectos dos cursos de formação docente no Brasil, refletidos no conhecimento e competências demonstrados pelo professor e suas concepções do assunto. Participaram da pesquisa 56 participantes da área de ciências exatas e da terra. A pesquisa de opinião pública com participantes não identificados se preocupou em obter uma amostra diversificada e os dados foram tratados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Gauthier, Tardif, Perrenoud, Renzulli, Fleith, Reis, Amaral, Bahiense, Rossetti, Delou, Virgolim e Pérez foram alguns dos autores que embasaram as discussões desse trabalho. Diante das respostas obtidas pôde-se apurar que em ambos os grupos pesquisados o conhecimento das AH/S se mostrou superficial e que a prática docente, bem como capacitações posteriores não têm trazido a percepção adequada da superdotação.

O acesso às informações em saúde por minorias linguísticas é essencial para prevenção de doenças. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os sites sobre doenças epidêmicas e de alta prevalência no Brasil quanto à acessibilidade visual e lingüística para os surdos e a eficiência de tradutores on-line gratuitos da Língua de Sinais Brasileira em viabilizar o acesso fidedigno. A busca por tradutores on-line gratuitos resultou em 6 tradutores que foram avaliados segundo o tipo de tradução, presença de sinais e fidedignidade. A descrição textual não foi fidedigna, devido à impossibilidade de adaptação de termos que não possuem sinais na LSB. A importância deste estudo está em alertar para o fato de que a prevenção de doenças e proteção a saúde dos surdos podem ficar comprometidas se a informação acessada na internet não puder ser compreendida.

The exercise of the teaching profession in the area of High Abilities/Giftness is challenging and requires training concerned with this theme. In this context, this research investigates the perception of High Abilities/Giftness, in the field of exact and earth sciences, together with two groups of actors: undergraduates and in-service teachers. The work makes a comparison between the researched groups with the purpose of verifying if the teaching practice and the subsequent formations modify the teacher's perception regarding the AH/G. Aspects of teacher training courses in Brazil are also observed, reflected in the knowledge and skills demonstrated by the teacher and their conceptions of the subject. 56 participants from the field of exact and earth sciences participated in the survey. The public opinion survey with unidentified participants was concerned with obtaining a diverse sample and the data were treated qualitatively and quantitatively. Gauthier, Tardif, Perrenoud, Renzulli, Fleith, Reis, Amaral, Bahiense, Rossetti, Delou, Virgolim and Pérez were some of the authors who supported the discussions of this work. Based on the answers obtained, it could be verified that in both groups surveyed, knowledge of AH/G was superficial and that teaching practice, as well as subsequent training, has not brought an adequate perception of giftedness.

All-trans retinoic acid (RA), the primary metabolite of vitamin A, controls the development and homeostasis of organisms and tissues. RA and its natural and synthetic derivatives, both known as retinoids, are promising agents in treating and chemopreventing different neoplasias, including breast cancer (BC). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a crucial regulator of cell migration, and its overexpression is associated with tumor metastatic behavior. Thus, pharmaceutical FAK inhibitors (FAKi) have been developed to counter its action. In this work, we hypothesize that the RA plus FAKi (RA + FAKi) approach could improve the inhibition of tumor progression. By in silico analysis and its subsequent validation by qPCR, we confirmed RARA, SRC, and PTK2 (encoding RARα, Src, and FAK, respectively) overexpression in all breast cells tested. We also showed a different pattern of genes up/down-regulated between RA-resistant and RA-sensitive BC cells. In addition, we demonstrated that both RA-resistant BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) display the same behavior after RA treatment, modulating the expression of genes involved in Src-FAK signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that although RA and FAKi administered separately decrease viability, adhesion, and migration in mammary adenocarcinoma LM3 cells, their combination exerts a higher effect. Additionally, we show that both drugs individually, as well as in combination, induce the expression of apoptosis markers such as active-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP1. We also provided evidence that RA effects are extrapolated to other cancer cells, including T-47D BC and the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. In an orthotopic assay of LM3 tumor growth, whereas RA and FAKi administered separately reduced tumor growth, the combined treatment induced a more potent inhibition increasing mice survival. Moreover, in an experimental metastatic assay, RA significantly reduced metastatic lung dissemination of LM3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that RA resistance could reflect deregulation of most RA-target genes, including genes encoding components of the Src-FAK pathway. Our study demonstrates that RA plays an essential role in disrupting BC tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in vitro and in vivo by controlling FAK expression and localization. RA plus FAKi exacerbate these effects, thus suggesting that the sensitivity to RA therapies could be increased with FAKi coadministration in BC tumors.

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) (CAS number: 5466-77-3) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) (CAS number: 70356-09-1) are important sunscreens. However, frequent application of large amounts of these compounds may reflect serious environmental impact, once it enters the environment through indirect release via wastewater treatment or immediate release during water activities. In this article, we reviewed the toxicological effects of EHMC and BMDM on aquatic ecosystems and the human consequences. According to the literature, EHMC and BMDM have been detected in water samples and sediments worldwide. Consequently, these compounds are also present in several marine organisms like fish, invertebrates, coral reefs, marine mammals, and other species, due to its bioaccumulation potential. Studies show that these chemicals are capable of damaging the aquatic beings in different ways. Further, bioaccumulation studies have shown that EHMC biomagnifies through trophic levels, which makes human seafood consumption a concern because the higher position in the trophic chain, the more elevate levels of ultraviolet (UV) filters are detected, and it is established that EHMC present adverse effects on the human organism. In contrast, there are no studies on the BMDM bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential. Different strategies can be adopted to avoid the damage caused by sunscreens in the environment and human organism. Two of them include the use of natural photoprotectors, such as polyphenols, in association with UV filters in sunscreens and the development of new and safer UV filters. Overall, this review shows the importance of studying the impacts of sunscreens in nature and developing safer sunscreens and formulations to safeguard marine fauna, ecosystems, and humans.

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre las variables gestión deportiva y el desempeño docente en profesores de Educación Física de la UGEL 07 de Lima Metropolitana, 2019. Se desarrolló dentro del enfoque cuantitativo, basado en el diseño correlacional-descriptivo y de corte trasversal. La muestra incluyó a 50 profesores de Educación Física de la entidad mencionada. Las encuestas y la ficha de recolección de datos permitieron comprobar que existe relación entre las variables. Se concluyó que existe relación directa, lineal y significativa entre gestión deportiva y desempeño docente. Además, existe el mismo nivel de relación entre las dimensiones: organizacional y coordinación colegiada. Con estos aportes, se creará una estrategia que busque fortalecer la gestión deportiva de los profesores y entender mejor su implicancia en el rol pedagógico.

Bovine mastitis is an infectious disease that affects the mammary gland of dairy cattle with considerable economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is the main microorganism involved in this highly contagious process, and the treatment is only using antibiotics. Currently, the search for new treatment and/or compounds is still in need due to microbial resistance. In this work, we evaluated the potential of eugenol and thymol derivatives against S. aureus strains from bovine mastitis. On that purpose, nine derivatives were synthesized from eugenol and thymol (1–9), and tested against 15 strains of S. aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis. Initially, the strains were evaluated for the biofilm production profile, and those with strong adherence were selected to the antimicrobial sensitivity determination in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays. Herein the compounds toxicity was also evaluated by in silico analysis using Osiris DataWarrior® software. The results showed that 60% of the strains were considered strongly adherent and three strains (S. aureus 4271, 4745 and 4746) were selected for the MIC tests. Among the nine eugenol and thymol derivatives tested, four were active against the evaluated strains (MIC = 32 µg mL−1) within CLSI standard values. In silico analysis showed that all derivatives had cLopP − 4 and TPSA

In the last decades, several major breakthroughs in cancer treatment were achieved through a better understanding and therapeutic targeting of the immune system. Multiparametric flow cytometry is a robust and powerful tool to evaluate the frequency and activation status of a large variety of immune cells. However, for flow cytometric analysis tumor, tissue must be digested into a single cell suspension, and thereby the information on the tumor architecture as well as the spatial distribution of immune cells is lost. The distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is often heterogeneous and a favorable immune cell distribution is crucial for an efficacious anti-tumor immunotherapy. The recent advances in multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) allows the analysis of multiple parameters simultaneously so that the frequency as well as the spatial distribution of multiple immune cells can be analyzed. In this study, immunotherapy-responsive tumor cell lines (colon carcinoma cell lines MC38-CEA and CT26wt as well as melanoma cell line Clone M3) were implanted in the mammary fat pad (subQperiorTM), which leads to reduce ulceration rate and homogenous tumor growth compared to subcutaneous implantation. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy reduced the tumor growth in all three tumor models significantly. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples were collected from control and anti-PD-1 treated animals. Murine specific InSituPlex® (ISP) technology (Ultivue) was used to perform multiplex immune profiling of the markers CD3, CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 on mouse whole slide FFPE tumor serial sections. Slides were then imaged for high quality images of the four targets and downstream analysis performed. The evaluated T cell frequency and spatial distribution was compared to flow cytometric data of anti-PD-1 treatment in these models. In summary, flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) are valuable tools in the evaluation of immune responses in pre-clinical tumor models. Both technologies enable an improved understanding of treatment responses and facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities as well as the identification of potential predictive biomarkers. Citation Format: Philipp Metzger, Carla Castro, Cynthia Obodozie, Holger Weber. Immunophenotyping of responses to immunotherapy in syngeneic tumor models using multiplex immunofluorescence compared to multiparametric flow cytometry. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4148.

The infiltration of macrophages into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a well-known characteristic of tumor progression and therapy resistance. Depending on the signals derived from TME, macrophage plasticity allows them to undergo a variety of polarization states. Two extremes of macrophage polarization are M1 and M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages provide enhanced anti-tumor inflammatory reaction while M2 macrophages are usually associated with tumor progression due to their immune suppression, angiogenesis and neovascularization promoting capabilities. Modulating the macrophage differentiation or polarization has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to synergize or complement current treatments. At Reaction Biology we have established human macrophage assay pipelines to evaluate the novel macrophage polarization compounds in vitro. Both, monocyte cell lines like THP-1, and and freshly isolated monocytes from donor derived PBMCs, are of great value. Donor derived differences could become an issue during the screening phase compared to the use of cell lines. Yet, after the screening phase, the evaluation across several healthy donors is crucial to assess the impact of a compound on the general population. Monocytes from primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) are isolated, differentiated into naïve macrophages, and polarized. Effects of compounds modulating the differentiation and polarization of macrophages are analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the functional reprogramming of monocytes and macrophages can be analyzed by measuring the phagocytic or tumor cell killing capacity via flow cytometry or using high content screening equipment. In the addition, a wide range of secreted cytokine can be quantified by MSD ELISA. Our data shows that human primary monocytes grown under M1 polarizing conditions express high levels of CD86 and HLA-DR in contrast to those cultivated under M2 polarizing conditions, with high expression of CD163 and CD206. A pH-sensitive phagocytosis could be shown for M2 macrophages. Modulation of surface markers from polarized macrophages under different treatment conditions could be observed, as well as changes in their functionality, supporting the translational value to evaluate the efficacy of immunomodulating compounds in vitro. Citation Format: Carla Castro, Philipp Metzger, Cynthia Obodozie, Holger Weber. Exploiting macrophage differentiation and plasticity as an immunomodulating strategy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 671.